Heaters (a) in air heating systems use devices on diesel fuel (b) and electricity (B).
Photo Mikhail Stepanova
The supply of warm air into heated rooms is carried out over the supply air ducts, the releases of which are connected to diffusers mounted in the floor or wall and decorated air
exhaust lattices. The lattices are located in the places of the largest heat loss: under the windows, the outer walls, the doors of the IT.P.
Heaters, gas-high heat exchanger made of high-strength aluminum
Steel. The safety of the operation of the device depends on its reliability and durability
The heater is two high
Effective and durable centrifugal fans, each of which performs its task. The main fan (a) provides air circulation through the heater, and the fan
Dymosos (b) - removal of natural gas combustion products outside the cottage
a - angle;
b - "shoe";
in - a decrease;
G - alloy.
heater centrifugal fan pumps cold air through gas-air heat
Exchanger. The flow temperature rises by 5-40 s (depending on the operation mode of the furnace). Cooling cooler heat exchanger air
The heater is not operated
Photo Mikhail Stepanova
The air heating system does not violate the design of interiors: there are no radiators in the rooms, no pipes with heat carrier
A - Floor grille with diffuser;
b - wall lattice;
B - floor lattice;
g - lattice for the source of the return duct;
d - version of the fulfillment of the floor lattice
a - mechanical air filter;
b - electric static chamber;
B - coal filter
The heater (along the air flow) establishes the internal block (A) of the channel split system. The external block (b) of the channel split system is often mounted in the garden on the foundation.
Photo George Shablovsky
If the system is properly designed and mounted, it works almost silently, and therefore, does not distort the sleep of households
Air heating was used to heat the country houses in the time of the king of pea - a similar way, our ancestors were heated and drill out, and the White Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. The idea of heating the premises of the flows of warm air is not forgotten today
Equipment features
The modern air heating system ensures heating of the cottage premises, and when equipped with additional equipment, not only heating, but also cooling, and the supply and exhaust ventilation of rooms, filtering, bactericidal treatment, regulation of the relative humidity of their air fill. A thermal heating unit is consisting of the air preparation unit associated with heated rooms by means of supply and return air ducts (in the terms of anatomy are veins and arteries, which constantly circulates the filling aircraft air).
It is hardly the only significant disadvantage of the air heating system it is customary to consider its bulkiness. The air ducts must be hidden somewhere, sacrificing the height of ceilings or room dimensions (when installed in the already erected houses), or increase the consumption of building materials if the building has not yet been built. In addition, the system is sensitive to the quality of the project and technology of installation work. Errors turn into increased noise and drafts. Therefore, the choice of competent specialists for the implementation of the project is the necessary and so far quite difficult, since the experience of introducing such systems in our country is far from all design and installation organizations.
Basic kit
In the basic configuration of the air heating system, the air preparation unit consists of only one functional air-heater module operating on gas or on liquid fuel. The same air heater consumes a small amount of electricity. We produce such aggregates of about 100 companies around the world, but in Russia, in Russia, Lennox, Consolidated Ind, Nordyn, TempStar and some other companies are mainly established in Russia.
The heater is placed in a compact metal housing coated with polymer paint, reliably protecting it from corrosion. For convenience of installation, some models allow vertical or horizontal installation of essence, an air heater is a powerful fan heater. The air from the rooms is drawn through the air ducts into its rectangular metal case with a built-in centrifugal fan and is driven through the frequency of heat-resistant heat exchanger pipes, inside which fuel (gas or diesel) is lit. The heat exchanger is equipped with an appropriate injection burner. Products combustion using smokesmaps are removed from the heat exchanger to the street (through stainless steel chimney), without mixing with the air prepared for air.
The operation of the air heater controls the automation system built into its housing, due to which the operation of this module becomes safe and it practically does not need maintenance. Thus, when the flame is matured, the absence of thrust in the gas duct, the overheating of the heat exchanger fuel supply to the heat exchanger is terminated for 1 second. After a temporary absence of power supply, the air heater turns on automatically.
The air heater is mounted in a coating room with a volume of at least 15m3, where the supply and exhaust ventilation, a window and a window, as well as an input of power supply with a grounding should be provided. In addition, a project input, wiring and connection of the main gas should be performed.
The network of air ducts from the air heater can be pushed to the rooms under the raised floor, over a false-brace, in the walls or to let them under decorative boxes. They collect them from thin-sheet or tin pipes of rectangular and round cross section. The vast of air ducts feeding the heated air into the room is set by diffusers (rasters, or, as they are called installers, "shoes"), which reduce the speed of the air flow (approximately 1-1.5 m / s). The diffusers are located preferably under the windows or the walls flush with the floor (it is possible to install on walls or ceiling) and it is covered with switch lattices with rotary slats. The rest of the latter is convenient to set the direction of air flow. Lattices, by the way, you can paint into any colors. The exhaust air fence is usually carried out from the upper area of the premises. The origins of the inverse air ducts decorated with air races. As a rule, the location of the air ducts and the type of air distribution devices the designer determines even at the design stage of the cottage or during its reconstruction.
Sea hot water!
If the cottage heating system is organized on the basis of a traditional gas boiler, the supply of hot water for sanitary needs is carried out due to the boiler connected to the boiler. The air heating system is not used for the air heating. To ensure a permanent stock of water in the house, only an independent additional device, whose functions often performs a capacitive gas water heater.In addition cases, capacitive gas water heaters are much more profitable electrical, and their higher price with interest pays off during operation, since the cost of gas is several times less than the cost of electricity. Comfort provided by cumulative water heaters gives them the opportunity under certain conditions successfully compete with gas speakers.
Release gas capacitive water heaters such companies as American Water Heaters (USA), Vaillant (Germany), Ariston (Italy) and a number of other firms. The cost of the device with a capacity of 220l is about 1000-1200.
Recommendations for the use of capacitive gas water heaters *
| Type of house | Number of family members | Peak water consumption, l / day | Water heater capacity, l ** |
|---|---|---|---|
| House for short-term rest | 2-3. | 190. | 75. |
| Little family house | 3. | 227. | 115. |
| House with three bedrooms, washing and dishwasher | 3-4 | 454. | 150. |
| Large house with four or more bedrooms, washing and dishwasher and jacuzzi | 6-8 | 946. | from 285. |
* Prepared on the basis of the operation of equipment in North America and Canada.
** In the event that teenagers live in the house, the size of the capacity should be increased.
Additional features
The heater (A) is mounted internal split-system block (b), humidifier (B), air filter (g) and other equipment of the air heating system can be significantly expanded, equipping the air preparation unit with additional equipment - functional modules.
So, to cool the cottage in the summer or if necessary in the transition period - in the spring and autumn, it is necessary to purchase a split system with a special internal block of channel type. The latter is structurally a stranded tubular heat exchanger in the rectangular metal case, which is installed behind the air heater (along the air flow). The outer block of the split system is made outside of the house (so as not to interfere with the noise from it), most often in the garden.
The perfection of the split system determine many indicators, including the reliability of the compressor, the efficiency, strength and anti-corrosion properties of the outer block, the maximum possible length of freon pipelines. In the early time, more and more attention is paid to the environmental characteristics of split-systems, primarily it concerns the use of ozone-safe freon. Split systems are compatible with air heaters, Carrier, Lennox, York, Trane, Zenithair / Alaska, TEmpStar (USA).
It is reasonable to include a filtering module in the air preparation unit. This device is vital for almost all modern cottages. The fact is that together with the improvement of the thermal insulation of windows, doors (which is widely used in construction) in the air of the residential premises critically increased the content of dust, pollen, disputes of microorganisms and plants, bacteria, dandruff, contaminants from insects, particles of fat and smoke From the kitchen, tobacco smoke (if there is a smoker in the house). From all this, the air should be cleaned.
As a rule, air filtering "entrust" a multistage filter, which is mounted in front of the air heater. The unit of the module includes a mechanical cleaning filter for capturing large dust particles, an electrostatic filter capable of cleaning air from particles up to 0.01 μm, as well as quite expensive, but an extremely efficient option is a coal filter. The latter allows you to clean the air from odors, for example, from tobacco smoke, however, needs a regular replacement. In addition, in the filtration module, sometimes a bactericidal lamp for air treatment with ultraviolet is installed. Ultraviolet radiation whose spectrum varies from 100 to 280 nm, is a bactericidal. UV light kills bacteria, viruses and other pathogenic microorganisms and thus destroys their ability to multiply and cause diseases. Filters supplied by Camfil (Sweden), Trox Technik (Germany), Lennox, Five Seasons (USA) IDR.
Listening to strong air pollution (in the house there are many people, animals or near the motorway) can be included in the air heating system an additional 3-step fette filter type FS HEPA 550 (Five Seasons). The device connected in parallel with the reverse air duct passes through itself from 1/3 to 1/2 of the air volume. The air passed through the filter returns to the return air duct and then enters the main filter.
To increase the relative humidity of the air (this is relevant in the winter), the air heating system is complemented by the humidifier module. For example, models using the principle of surface humidification of the processed air flow are used. The surface humidifier consists of a cassette (the so-called irrigated nozzle) with a hygroscopic material on which water is supplied through the water distributor. The material of the nozzle absorbs moisture, and when passing through its developed surface, the air is moistened. Well, the moisture not assimilated with the air in the form of droplets flows into the pallet.
The effectiveness of irrigated nozzle depends on its area and the time of contact with it, and therefore, from the square of the cassette in the plan, its thickness and air passage speeds. To protect the towing nozzles, water entering the block from the plumbing network needs filtering and, if possible, in reducing the level of rigidity.
The cost of designing, purchase and installation of air heating system
| Cost of project documentation, $ | 300-500 (or 2 $ / m2) |
| Main equipment, $ | |
| Bake | 1050-1700 |
| Electromechanical thermostat | 30-40 |
| (only for heating system) | |
| Filter | 2-15 |
| Air ducts | 1500-2000 (depending on the size of the building, on average 30 $ / m2 with installation) |
| Diffusers and feed grilles | 150-300 |
| TOTAL: | 3032-4555 |
| Additional equipment, $ | |
| Air conditioning | 2500. |
| Humidifier | 160-200 |
| Electronic thermostat | 60-100 |
| Electronic filter | Up to 450. |
| Supply-exhaust installation | 1000-1500 |
| TOTAL: | 7202-9305 |
Moisturizers and other types are also used, for example, ultrasound, nozzle, etc., the main thing is that they can work in automatic mode, and they could be connected to the water supply system. Regardless of the design, the humidification module is placed over the air heater (and behind the cooling unit, if any) - before entering the air duct network, and the humidity sensor is before entering the air heater. Production and supply of humidifiers are engaged in Honeywell, Plaston, Lennox (USA).
For the organization of energy-efficient ventilation of the cottage, year-round supplying rooms with fresh air (on average 20-60m3 per person per hour), a supply and exhaust installation with a plate recovery can be included in the air heating system. This installation entering the cottage fresh air is heated (in winter) or cooled (in summer) due to heat or cold of exhaust air. In this case, the air flows are not mixed with each other. Venmar (Canada), Pyrox (Norway), PM LUFT and Systemair (Sweden), PM LUFT and Systemair, Maico Ventilatoren, Rosenberg and Wolter (Germany), ABB (Switzerland), VTS CLIMA (Poland), Halton ( Finland) IDR. This equipment is well refined to establish domestic consumers - affects the cheapness of energy resources. However, as the energy cost increases, the recovery modules will use more and more.
Specifications common for the most advanced models of modern gas stoves
| Range of output power, kW | 10-33 (sometimes up to 125) |
| Type of fuel | Natural gas or propane * |
| Gas pressure on entering, mm waters. Art. | 90-335 |
| Type of burner | Injection |
| The temperature of combustion products at the exit, with | 170-190. |
| Content of CO in combustion products,%, no more | 0.005 (desired - 0.025) |
| The content of nitrogen oxides in combustion products, mg / m3 | 135. |
| Supply voltage, in | 220. |
| Frequency of the supply network, Hz | fifty |
| Number of phases | one |
| * Requirement of the furnace is necessary. |
Air administration
The traditional and most democratic way to regulate the air temperature in the cottage involves sharing the air heating system and room electromechanical thermostat (Honeywell manufacturers (USA), Siemens (Germany) IDR), installed in the control room at home, for example in a nursery, bedroom or Host office. When the temperature in this room reaches a given value, the air preparation unit will be temporarily turned off. Immediately after the temperature approaches the permissible value, the heating installation will turn on again. Almost air-conditioned areas of the house the temperature will be approximately the same as in the control room.
If instead of an electromechanical thermostat, install a programmable electronic thermostat, the heating system will obey the routine of the day you specify. Suppose in winter it will automatically reduce the temperature at night when you sleep, and during the day when the house is empty. A few hours before your return home or early in the morning the system will start working so that in the urban time the microclimate of the cottage has become the most comfortable. The use of an electronic programmable thermostat will allow to achieve a 10-15% reduction in energy costs, however, in automatic mode, the temperature in the whole house can only be supported as the same as in the control room.
Individual automatic control and temperature control in each of the cooled or heated rooms of the cottage can be ensured using an intellectual zonal control system integrated into the air heating system. Invoice premises to increase the accuracy of temperature maintenance, it is advisable to allocate several zones of maintenance; On the other hand, two small adjacent rooms are logical to consider as one zone. Signals from the thermostats of each zone and other sensors enter the brain of the zonal control system - the microprocessor control unit, which controls the operation of all airborne heating system modules and dispensing the volume of the air zone. The latter operation is implemented by electric valves overlapping the flowing section of the air ducts (the valves are mounted on areas immediately before entering the air ducts into the room). The temperature in each room can be set using the remote control without getting up from the chair, or to reverse this process of automation. The cost of the necessary equipment for such a system is from $ 1,000 to $ 1500 per zone. The most famous manufacturers in Russia are Carrier, Trane (USA).
Extremely curious possibilities provide and connect the zone control system to the "Smart House" control system, which combines a single home theater, a digital video surveillance system, a fire alarm system and other cottage engineering systems. In this case, the user can set the temperature in different rooms of the cottage even at work. Suppose, in an hour before the arrival, you can order the system of air heating to drive the cabinet to the temperature of +30 C.
Air heating systems have long been honored by residents of North America and Canada, where they are used in the overwhelming majority of private buildings. Using this technique and in Finland, Norway and other countries of Western Europe, are no less dry in Russia, than in Russia. Moreover, the myth of the non-alternativeness of the radiator heating of the modern house is gradually scattered and in the minds of our compatriots - no first year of the air heating system, it is regularly functioning in the homes of silver boron, Barvikha, near Moscow cottage settlements.