The main feature is decorative, the basic principle - the likelihood of the man-made natural form, the main motive is a wound plant ... Let's talk about the style of Modern.
Poofable window frame lines and more than ascetic furniture. A little cuts eyes, but, nevertheless, the mood is set. It is possible that the situation will also change
Omoderne here speaks only a staircase fence. But it is it emphasized that the nature of the trees outside the window
Vegetable stained glass motifs Yes, bizarre lamps send us to the era of AR Nouveau. The same interior does not have any clear style features
Wroughtable furniture looks easy and air. Plastic lines, explicit emphasis on plant motifs and unexpected completion of the front legs of chairs
Antique chairs "demanded" stylistic support in the form of a wrought
The principle of inheritance. Characteristic for European Modern Elements of Decor and Rooms of the Neorussian Style
The elegant solution of the bathroom. Forged accessories tell him a romantic (sorry for the trumpism)
An unexpected and rare course, the element of the non-Russian decoration is the so-called "GERICK" in the center of the arched opening
The element of the decor of the historical museum has famous "ancestors" in Russian, Byzantine and Moorish architecture
Fascinating plastic lines of running water and flowing sand. Antonio Gaudi. House Mila. Barcelona
AR is eclectic. Elements of the classic order in a non-classic combination with bizarre bends of the ornament and "web" forged balcony fences
Rhythmic Maoleikova ornament shall be drawn by a complex forged lattice and massive stucco
Office chair of a crossroads between modern and ar Deco. Calm and nobility of the outline
Approximately four years ago I had a chance to visit one curious object.
Center of Moscow. Architectural monument. Remainted communal. Composed eclectic style. Architects told me a canonical story about how the generous first, the Customer became more and more stupid. Explain to him that finishing works are more expensive by assembly, failed. Did not understand. He also did not understand the fact that the style designated by him as a "warm Moscow Modern", in nature does not exist. The final of the story was at all annecdotal. The customer, arriving, finally, on the object, in bewilderment spread with his hands: "How do I hang a pear?" He was a boxer ...
The modern can be treated in different ways. Someone seems to be too decorative and exhausted, and someone finds in his bizarre lines to conson their romantic aspirations. All secret knights and explicit tolkienists, arresting young housewives and harsh rosy-bangs in the director's chairs appreciate the mysterious and trembling. After an ampir and the unclear classicism, the most popular style for those who love "coach". Only to begin with three modernists should be divided: modernism as modernism, modernity as the general concept of "modern" and actually modern as an architectural style.
Modernism, or futurism (from lat. Futurum- future), - the name of a special modernist course in European art 1910-1920s. The sustained desire to create the "art of the future" futurists stood in a position of the denial of traditional culture with its moral and artistic values and proclaimed the cult of machine urbanized civilization - metals, high speeds, movements, strength and energy. Futurism has some related features with cubism and expressionism. Using the intersection, shifts, falls and influx of forms, artists tried to express the cropped multiplicity of the impressions of the modern person to them, a city inhabitant.
Futurism originated in Italy. The leaders and ideologues of the movement were the writer Filippo Marinetti, the sculptor and painter of Hugo Bocchoni, the painters of Carlo Carrupt, Gino Severini, Giacomo Ball. The onfuturistic manifesto "The Art of Mechanisms" is referred to about two hints of a new person: this is either a robot person, a faceless cord in the mechanism of his world and society, or a person who embodies the idea of superhuman.
Russian futurism was significantly different from Western, inheriting only pathos "Art of the Future", opposed to the art and culture of the past. It was represented by several groups. Futurists ("Willly") called themselves members of the St. Petersburg "Union of Youth" Tatlin, Filonov, Chagall, Exter; Participants in the exhibitions "Olesey Tail", "Target", "Tramway" Larionov, Goncharova, Malevich, Zdanevich et al.; Members of the Giley Group Mayakovsky, Burluk.
The word modern (from fr. Moderne- modern) often indicates just something new, extramoda. Alleged with this "modern" interior can be a set of objects, freely located in the space free of any decorations.
Finally, the "most important" modern-artistic style in the European and American art of the XIX-beginning of the XXVEK (other names: Arnouvo, Yugden Style, Sessesian). The main sign of style decorativeness, the main motive plant, the main principle of the formation of the man-made form of natural and vice versa. Modern varnachitecture manifested the organic merger of structural and decorative elements. Mansions, pavilions, public buildings of the Modern era are built as if "from the inside out", that is, the inner space determines the appearance. The facades of such houses are asymmetrical and simultaneously resemble natural objects and the result of the free form of sculptor. Particularly expressive interiors - with the flowing space, curved outlines of eaves, driving door and window openings, rich decor made of carved wood, stained glass, metal.
The artistic language of modernity was largely an embodiment of ideas and images of symbolism, combined with complex vegetation decor, rhythm of flexible fluid lines and plane color spots. This spirit was performed by works of decorative art: Mosaic panels, stained glass windows, ceramic lining, Mainyal sculpture, porcelain and glass vases, etc. Pictures and graphic sheets were also attached to the features of decorative stylization in the spirit of Modern.
Favorite themes Decor- stylized natural motifs: a raid wave, peacock feathers, butterfly wings, long curved hair strands, flowers (especially orchids, irises, tulips). Artists of Modern attracted everything that trembles, goes, hesitates. Qualities opposed to this - massiveness, monumentality, immobility - were not in honor.
The painting of modernity is connected by Hogenes, Denis, Bonnar in France; Climt-waws; Non-Divoregia; Vrubel, Vasnetsov, Beno'a, Bakst, Somovsia. Style hoists have gained special importance book and magazine graphics (Berdsley in England). Poster and poster were specially distributed (Toulouse-Lotrek in France, fly in the Czech Republic).
Impression. Emotions
On the courtyard - the end of the XIXVEK. Crowds of the prophets and missions from science and art. Fallen and cheers-patriotic moods. Sharp criticism and passionate love in the object of criticism. New technologies and immersion in historical heritage. Summarizing. Light fever and children's curiosity.Neorussian style. Its creation was a state task supplied by the emperor Nikolaii. The sovereign as a sensitive politician could not not notice the emergence in the west of a new bizarre cultural phenomenon, in which historicism and romanticism were so clearly traced. So arose to the non-Russian style-awake citation of the Byzantine style and thoughts over the architectural heritage of the Novgorod and Pskov masters.
The stylization task seemed simple and understandable: to highlight a number of forms and techniques, draw them and folded together. Dullness, every style comes down to the set of recognizable techniques. But in the case of a modern one, it works somewhat differently, since the tasks are solved not so much constructive as decorator. It is necessary to hit, shock, pass through, having spent a passing unobtrusive excursion into mythologized past.
The first searches of the Neorussian style belong to the 1880-1882 years. The result of the so-called Abramtsevsky artistic circle was the church of the Savior of the Nerukotnaya, erected in the Mammont Manor on the project Vasnetsov. The uniqueness of the temple is that artists took up for his design, until that moment did not try in practical architecture: Vasnetsov, Polenov, Mammoths, etc. The result is an emotional object, which can be said about: "There is a Russian spirit, there is a lot of Rus." The modest small temple was truly a continuation of the Vasnets paintings. It is only worth remembering the "three heroes" or "Alenushka", in which fabulousness is transmitted simply and easily, without deliberation or grotesque.
The classic motives of Russian stone patterns were used by Vasnetsov in his project of the new facade of the Tretyakov Gallery.
Perseverance and meticulousness in quoting is characteristic of the authors of the building of the Historical Museum. The exaggerated parade was to, according to the architects of Sherwood and Popov, compositely combine it with the towers of the Kremlin and the Cathedral of Basil Blessed. True, unlike the towers and the temple, the museum building is emphasized monochrome. Traditional Russian multicolor would have turned a pathos monument in the style of Lerousse into a clumsy parody of the cathedral.
The building of the Yaroslavsky Station (Author - Sherry) produces a completely different impression. Holiday colors and appearance for the eye of the viewer. Even exhausted by a suitcase mood passenger will not remain indifferent to the multicolor decor, Maolikov and Mosaic Punk. The idea of the palace or, if you can put it, "Teremkones" rushed in the air and encouraged architects to new and new exploits in the area of stylization.
The architectural critics of that era favorably perceived the Russian idea, all their anger fell on the construction, which could be attributed to the "pan-European" modern. Interpretations of English, Scottish, German Modern caused exclusively negative emotions. Modern was awarded soniced epithets of the type "Vulgar Channel"; "Borrowing band"; "This is a monstrous building began to pursue me like a nightmare." So-one Pearl: "Freed, neutered from traditions, heroic ideological and ideological ecstasy, he surprisingly included the worship of low instincts of nature, created the cult of the lower organisms of the world, stylizing them and the same equalizing with man and his life." Breaking lines. Enough?
The canonical mansion of Ryabushinsky, "brought" all architectural directories, a sample of Moscow modern, was also perceived very ambiguously. The author is Craned for superficiality, enthusiasm decorative side of the style. Most Moscow architects, indeed, almost perceived the external attributes of Modern, without having learned its main essence. (Let me remind you: Modern gave life a new principle of designing buildings - from the inside to the outward, which has become fundamental in the entire architecture of the XXVEK.) For the manifestation of the style, it was all more or less bright, allocated on a general background.
This can be found an explanation in the very history of Russian architecture. Testing a powerful influence of Byzantine culture, absorbing and learning Baroque and classicism, rejected by gothic and alone Ampir, Russian architects and fostering foreign specialists who attached them to them created a special number of architectural works. Petrovskoe Baroque, for example, resembles architectural barracks on a given topic. Russian Classicism and Russian ampir seem specially created for quiet ussers, sleepy arbors and lush palaces. Uneshirt "Russian Modern" joins between the "non-Russian style", "Russian-Byzantine" and "pan-European".
Nowadays, admirers of this strange style are leaning towards the pan-European modification, not without reason, it is believed that this is the most faithful way. As a result, the fevering decoration with an indispensable climate is pleased with the soul and the ushitis of the pride of the customer. The architect smiles embarrassed, depicting some displeasure. Wood cutters are happily rubbed out of arms. Everyone is happy.
But we turn to where it should be started. Kevopia primary source, which for greater accuracy we will call the AR Nouveau. Sometimes the term "modern" will be fused, but exclusively as synonym.
Art Nouveau. Depressive Gothic and Constable Classicism
Time is all the same - the end of the XIXVEK. Sudden and rustling interest in psychology finds its incarnation in the teachings of Freud about psychoanalysis. Another scientist, Theodore Lipps, a representative of the so-called "psychological aesthetics", had a noticeable impact on the theory of modern architecture. According to his teaching, in each object you need to "join". The result of such a meditation is the spiritualization of objects. The spiritualization, in turn, gives them the content and meaning, brings together with a person. The most "affected" with a person the object should inspire a smooth and harmonious course of spiritual life. The dedicated, spiritualized and beloved object for the achievement of complete happiness should be embodied in the artwork (or interior).
In other words, some distracted "sleepy hollow" or the same "gloomy morning" can, on this concept, cause not only landscapes, allegories or abstract compositions, but also whole architectural structures, urban projects in which external appearance It is harmoniously linked to internal decoration. Up to furniture, drapets, dishes and other household items. In the intake of the environment, the person automatically becomes calm and happy. It does not matter, it will be a symmetrical equilibrium or chaos forms, a riot of plastic. The closer to natural, organic forms, the better. The thought of man allocates and knows what is not available to a surface visual study. The deeper and thinner the soul of a person, the more difficult and more string should be the environment of its habitat. Saturated with symbols and allegories, it is designed, in turn, to feed the soul. Aidal of the spiritual mood at that time were a blast, extension, bohemian hystericality, etc. It is best that this atmosphere is transferred from Edgar software in the "Fall of the House of Ashers": "... I looked at the true appearance of the building with the big respect. It seemed that the main thing was the ladder there was extreme dilapidation. The century has greatly changed its color. The entire building was covered with mold and moss, hanging from under the roof thin, confused by the network. But there were no obvious destruction. The stone laying was all on the spot; And the eyes appeared a blatant inconsistency between still perfect proportionality of parts and individual stones, which are about to reveal. Much resembled me the deceptive integrity of the old tree, for many years revealed in some abandoned crypt, not disturbing or a single dungement from the outside. However, in addition to this evidence of a big launch, the material itself did not have signs of fragility. Perhaps the gaze of a meticulous observer would see the hardest crack that Zigzag went down the facade from the roof and was lost in the sullen waters of the lake. "
And in the same place about the inner decoration: "The room in which I found it was very big and high. Long, narrow, pointed windows were so high of the black oak floor, that before them could not be reached. Weak reflections of reddish rays made their way through frequent Window binders, why the larger items in the room were sufficiently visible; however, the eye tried in vain to reach remote areas of peace or recesses in a vaulted, covered with a threaded ceiling. Dark drapery was hanging on the walls. Standing a lot of furniture, uncomfortable. old, worn out. Improved scattered books and Musical instruments did not revive the look. Japerwept that breathing the atmosphere of grief. "
The merger of nature and man through architectural structure is obvious. Everybody is a gloomy mark of impending death.
In his work, the "philosophy of the situation" Edgar writes about how he sees the interior design. The author believes that curved, having no meaning of the line, which are subject to all other elements of the decor, and must appear to the styrene-forming start. Irezko speaks to the appearance of fine motifs: "The disgusting domination of flowers or an image of any well-known objects should not be tolerant within the limits of Christian states." Categorically. Irreconcilable. But quite definitely.
Neootics and neoromantism, increased on fertile soil, exploited and transformed well-known techniques: window-sockets filled with shining glass windows; Strengted arches; Pointed turres. The brightest representative of this direction of Modern - Antonio Gaudi. His interpretation is "biomorphic". Mad and alarming carnival forms and flowers in the complex of the city of Guell; incomprehensible "Gothic" of the Cathedral of Sagrada Familia; The "wave-like" plastic of the facade of the house Mila - all this can be called "Flaming" modern (by the "flaming" gothic). Motifs Mosaics, Wall paintings, tapestries, their plots and the general mood sent a viewer to the world of medieval epic. The most popular were elegant French legends, the Brutal Scandinavian and the ancient Germann Epos.
Another direction of the AR is noura-non-classicistic. The same system of allegory, the same stylization. But at the basis of the architecture of the Renaissance, which, in turn, on the ancient Greek and ancient Roman samples. Here, AR nouveau acquires "peace", while losing a significant part of its identity.
It would be wrong to label the history of the style of stylish so rudely outlined milestones. Moreover, these directions existed in parallel, complemented and developed each other. Arnouvo is a bizarre mixing and interpenetration of all styles at the level of canons, but on an emotional burst. Mixing architecture, literature, music and visual art. The emerging seemingly from pure contradiction constructivism actually writes to this madness.
But still it is beautiful. Before breathing.
Call to action
Be vigilant, gentlemen! Do not forget that modern and AR Nouveau can be no more than different terms (see). Visit the Tretyakov Gallery, admire the updated facades and go through the halls. If you inspire you will pull to the Vrubalevian canvases, mark somewhere that everything stacked in the context. Go to the Literary Museum of Gorky on the Cook and enjoy the contemplation of fluid forms of the famous Shechtel ladder. Visit the Historical Museum, walk through Yakimanka by the building of the French Embassy. Trave out to the Yaroslavl station and take a look at it not as a passenger. Agotum Return home, drink tea with lemon, close your eyes and honestly ask yourself if you want it.If nothing doubts nothing to you, but, on the contrary, everything agrees exactly to modern, you can only wish you success. This is a love, you can not do anything with her.
First of all, you really appreciate your financial opportunities. AR Nouveau "Low Blood" is not created. No, of course, manufacturers of furniture from the former socialistra (Romania, Czech Republic), as well as domestic manufacturers produce separate models, which with a very large stretch can be called the extra-wedroom children of the style of Arnou. Much better results are achieved by Russian blacksmiths, creating garden furniture, lights, fences, window grilles, eaves. Sometimes you can find quite decent interior items, in which the heavyness of wrought iron is equalized to the fragility and brokenness of the outlines. Tips for curtain cornices and taps for curtains are good.
But it is particular. Please accept yourself with them, because you will not be able to create a whole stylistic accurate interior. The interiors are nouveau are unique, as each of them bears the handprint of the owner. If you are ready for this, go to search for wood cutters. Just be careful. Do not believe the master on the word that he knows how to "make you modern." He, of course, knows something and, of course, somehow will do, but perhaps the result will disappear. Fuely to the pile of photocopy and drawing. Make a sketch or try to explain in the words that you want to get as a result. Require a sketch from the master. He may understand you and agree to fulfill the order, alleviating your wallet on an impressive amount. If you really have calculated and have the amount, take care of patience.
And when the time comes to get what you have been waiting for, set up for a lot of pleasant and unpleasant surprises. Entry can be attributed to the understanding that you have the taste and reserves of patience. AK is unpleasant - you do not particularly like what you got. It seems to be honest, but ... it does not warm. AVSE The thing is that during the waiting you have changed. Woven fantasies ordered furniture looked different. Do not be sad. Sequentially decorate your rooms, picking up the colors of the walls and the ceiling. Remember that the interior should be mysterious. Hang on eaves with forged tips asymmetric curtains. Look for drapets with colored organza or tulle with a vegetable pattern. For you, it will be a pleasant discovery for sale at the price and quality of the lamps of Ala Tiffany and chandeliers that copy the samples of the era favorites. The dull yellow color of cylindrical ceilphones made of matte glass or fabric will help to close the living room space around the table and inhabit the walls with bizarre shadows.
There is an even more risky way to buy antiques. This process resembles hunting. Your weapon is a stuffed wallet, your setter-consultant with a phenomenal alarm (which, if, of course, he is not your kind friend, also craves pirasters). There is not one and not two shops with a steady smell of naphthalene and old wallandine, where, having broken, you can find something completely extraordinary. Do not suffocate in the overwhelming emotions and remember that each of the local "inhabitants" is self-sufficient. Being established in the only number, may "pull the blanket" - Willow find yourself a hostage of a capricious subject. Therefore, think about creative duet, trio or quartet of antique items. Pictures and posters, made in the same style, willingly take on the role of the "core land", and the music of the interior will sound gratifying for your ear.
The following variations are accents. If you have a visit to the "bench of antiquities", you are in the despondency, there is a way out and from this situation. Above already mentioned forged furniture and cornices. If you get the walls with ocher wallpaper with a tissue texture, supplement them with a wide floral curb, do not suck on the mirrors in carved frames (the impaired frame in the style of the Art of Nouveau in an antique store will not break you), it will be necessary to choose a chandelier. The bedroom can be abounded beautifully draped tissues. Two nightnamines are whimsically curved forms, a flirtal aspic, the reproduction of Clima, Alphonse Fly, Bilibin or Vasnetsov on the wall to complete a simple decoration of sleep space. In the kitchen you can hang poster reprint of trade advertising of that time. Here will be appropriate a round table with chairs associated with the famous Viennese. More or less stylistic successful copies can be found in several large furniture stores.
Wide space for experiments with AR nouveau opens a country house. Here you will find a lot of pleasant moments and as many constructive problems (asymmetric arched openings, islandic roofs). Do not forget about the cut-fence, gate and garden furniture. And "Warm Moscow Region Modern" you are provided! Flat overhead elements resembled from MDF and tinted under nut or oak, can decorate internal doorways. If the result of your works will hug on you easy sadness and philosophical thought - the result is achieved.
Conclusion
Before me, as in front of the author there was a difficult task: to set out the actual material and at the same time warning, if not to intimidate the interested reader. But I "broke" - began to consult, prompt alternative options, saving the creators of interiors from lowering hands and total despondency. As a result, I got a "contrasting soul", consisting of small thrillers ahead of the anecdotes. But this is modern, AR Nouveau, Secession, Yugden Style. So he is perceived. His next birth is not by chance. One century ended, another began. The style of spiritual confusion and at the same time active knowledge of the surrounding world is chosen for sure. Now he is true, perceived otherwise. Supporters of minimalism brand it, calling the style of Baurov and historical kich. And, strictly speaking, no one is modern (if you take literal reading) - the same dusty story as all previous ones. But after all, and fundamentally new did not come up with anything. For now.