We tell in detail why it is necessary to disinfect the soil before planting seedlings and how to do it right.
The future harvest depends on the quality of seedlings. Every gardener knows this well, so begins to prepare for sowing in advance. He will not have not only the purchase of seeds, but also the proper preparation of the soil. We'll figure it out how to displaced the earth for seedlings and why it is necessary.
All about the disinfection of the soil for seedlings
Why it is necessaryMethods Disinfection
- Farming
- Steaming
- calcination
- Drytention
- microwave treatment
Disinfection of soils in the greenhouse
Why hold disinfection
Soil is not sterile. This also applies to the purchased mixtures, and the land from homely. It is inhabited by thousands of microorganisms, both useful and pathogens. Especially many of them where there is an organic agent in the soil mixture. This is a good nutrient medium for bacteria and microbes. In addition, it may have viruses, fungal disputes, larvae or pest eggs. All of them are very small, they are impossible to consider their naked eye.
And since favorable conditions are created for growing young plants, they begin to multiply and pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi. They can quickly destroy the pigs, as the plants are still too weak to cope with infection. Therefore, before sowing, it is recommended to carry out the disinfection of soils, both homemade and purchased.
How and what to treat land before planting seedlings
Dachini use many ways to disinfect, but the purpose of the procedure does not change. It is held in order to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, fungal disputes, pest larvae. This can be done with the help of chemicals or various types of heat treatment. We offer five effective techniques how to displaced the earth for seedlings.1. Farming
Disinfection is carried out by low-temperature impact. Optimal temperatures for marking are considered -15-20 ° C. The substrate will fall asleep into small, not more than 15-20 liters, bags. Large volumes are undesirable, it's more difficult to work with them. The land prepared in this way is taken out to the balcony or to the street where negative temperatures have been established. If there is an opportunity, they are sprinkled with snow and leave in this form for 5-6 days.
After that, the soil is entered into heat, give it to melting. It is possible to moisten it a little warm water. This is done in order to stimulate the sleeping seeds of weeds, the larvae of pests to awaken and grow. In heat, the soil is withstanding a week or a little more. Then they bring out again to the cold. This cycle is repeated three or four times. Well, if all this time will hold the temperature optimal for wrapping.
The technique helps to get rid of pathogenic microflora, eggs of pests and weed seeds. But she has disadvantages. Not only pathogens microorganisms are destroyed, but also useful microflora. Consequently, the mixture with biohumus is undesirable. This will deprive her useful properties. Another minus - the causative agents of Kila and phytoophulas are insensitive to the cold. To destroy them, you need to use treatment at high temperatures.
2. Steaming
In this case, the water bath will be needed to disinfect Earth for seedlings. Well, if there is a large pan and colander, so it will be possible to process more soils at a time. In the colander, it is better fine, placed one or two layers of gauze or other thin fabric. So the small substrate will not fall out. Then the soil falls asleep. It is not worth pouring a complete container, the mixture is inconvenient to mix.
On the stove put a saucepan. Water poured into it, about a third of the volume. After boiling on top of the pan, colander is installed with soil. Water should not touch him. The soil is packed for 30-40 minutes, it is stamped from time to time. Then remove from the fire and leave until complete cooling.
The steaming is relatively gentle affects the soil, while destroying the pathogenic microflora and pests. In addition, during the procedure, the substrate is wrapped in moisture, which is very useful for young crops. The main disadvantage - all microorganisms, including useful, die during steaming. Therefore, the substrate is written for a half or two weeks before sowing so that the useful microflora will have time to recover.
3. Dilution
Another method of high temperature processing. The procedure is very simple, so popular among gardeners. We offer step-by-step instructions, how to rolling the ground for seedlings in the oven.
- Turn on the oven. Test temperatures in the range from 70 to 90 ° C.
- We drag the baking sheet with bakery paper, pour out the soil with a layer not higher than 50 mm.
- Moisturize soil from the spray gun.
- We put a baking sheet in the oven for 30-40 minutes.
- We take out the processed soil, leave until complete cooling.
The temperature should not be descended below 70 ° C, in this case the harmful microflora and pest larvae will not die. But the exceeding value of 90 ° C is also extremely undesirable. This will violate the structure of the soil, significantly worsen its properties. The calcination destroys all microorganisms, so it, as well as steaming, spend a few weeks before sowing. The soil must be given time for the restoration of the useful microflora.
4. Drytention
The method consists in treating the soil with disinfecting substances. The easiest way to do it with the help of manganese. First, pink potassium permanganate solution is prepared in the tank. Be sure to mix well to dissolve all dark purple crystals. The substrate is a small layer in a colander or any other container with holes at the bottom. Abundantly watered the prepared means. It must fully moisten the thickness of the mixture and pour out through the holes.
It is believed that routing is best used in combination with one of the methods described above. Then it will be possible to completely disinfect the soil. There is a small nuance.
If the soils have frightened before drancing, it is recommended to shed its hot liquid to obtain a better result. If high-temperature treatment was carried out, the solution can be cold. Permanganate potassium is not the only drug than to disinfect the Earth before planting the seedlings of the house. Disinfectants work well with useful microflora. It actively develops and suppresses the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms. There are quite a few such funds, for example, "Phitosporin-M", "Gamair", "Baikal-Em-1" and others. Considering that microflora needs time development, treatment with special staff is carried out in two or three weeks before sowing.
5. Disinfection in the microwave
This technique can be considered combined, since, together with heat treatment, the riffling is also carried out. First prepare a pink solution of potassium permanganate. Then the soil is poured into small plastic containers or other containers that can be used in the microwave. Soils are abundantly watered with a disinfecting solution, give it to absorb.
After that, contain containers in the microwave. Install the power to the maximum, and run the equipment for three minutes. After that, take out the container, give it completely cool. The effect of processing is comparable to calcination and steaming. Only spent on him much less time and strength.
After disinfection, the ground becomes sterile. It must be populated with useful microorganisms. For this prepare a solution of the drug type "Phytosporin-M", "Baikal-Em-1", "Alin-B", and the like. This means watered a disinfected substrate, waiting for one and a half or two weeks. After that, you can make fertilizers and sow seeds. Important note: They also need to be treated before sowing, since the pathogenic microflora can be on the seeds.
Disinfection of greenhouse soil
In the greenhouse, where seedlings are grown, it is also necessary to disinfection of the soil. It is advisable to do it twice a year: in the fall, when preparing for wintering, and in the spring, before planting plants. We will analyze possible processing options.Disinfection boiling water
The most affordable way. Water heats up to boil. It will take a lot, bucket or more. It depends on the size of the plot. The soil is uniformly spilled with boiling water. After that, immediately covered with a dense film. It is left to a complete cooling, then the film is removed. Plastic will keep the high temperature for a long time, under which microorganisms and peasants of pests will die.
Disinfection by manganese
The soil is treated with a pink potassium permanganate solution. We present the approximate proportions of its breeding. To measure the desired amount of manganese, in crystalline on a third, they lower the wet toothpick. The fact that it adhesive is dissolved in a liter of water. The resulting solution is abundantly poured in a greenhouse.
Disinfection "Phytosporin-M"
The procedure is carried out in advance, in two or three weeks before sowing seedlings. To prepare the working solution, it is better to take the drug in the form of pasta. 100 g means are bred in half liters of water. This is a concentrated tool, which before irrigating it will be necessary to dilute. It is bred no later than a day before processing. It is necessary that the bacteria in fluid are activated. For the working solution, they take a tablespoon of concentrate on 10 liters of water. The area obtained is abundantly watering.
Methods Disinfection are simple, they are easy to apply at home. The seedlings grown in the disinfected soil is sick, it is rarely affected by viral and bacterial diseases, it is better for a new place. After a transplant, such plants are actively developing and give a good harvest.
