Work on the lathe of wood: Tips for beginners

We tell about the device of the lathe, safety technique and two methods of processing billets.

Work on a turning machine on a tree, in principle, simple, but requires the skill and ability to feel the processed item. We tell the details.

All about working on the lathe

Device device

Set of rubber

Principle of operation

Safety technique

Types of jobs

1. For sandwiched between the billet centers
2. For the workpiece, sandwiched from one end

Device and operation of turning machines

A tree lathe has one limited function: it only rotates a wooden billet. The joiner of the simple piece of wood gradually pulls out the finished item: feet for furniture, lamp housing, racks, toys, boxes, cups, salad bowls, vases, etc.

Unlike other vehicle processing machines, used only on certain intermediate stages, the lathe is suitable for all operations: from rough processing to polishing. The required tool is the grooves (cylindrical or in the shape of the letter V) and flat chisels, cutters, scrapers of various sizes and shapes. The machine rotates the workpiece, and the hand controls the movement of the cutter.

Machine with electronic adjustment machine

1. Switch "Start stop"
2. Stanina
3. Front grandmother
4. Speed ​​switch (with variator)
5. Spindle
6. Drinking center
7. Breakfast (cut holder)
8. Rear Badkka Center
9. Rear grandmother

Required set of cutters for turning works

1. Groovetty Men
2. Maisel Cutter (2 mm)
3. Semicircular cutter
4. Cutting cutter
5. Beveled chisel (jamb)
6. Semicircular chisel to process the shaped surface
7. Velothelny chisel for roughing (Raire)

Principle of operation of the lathe

The entire mechanism of the machine is reinforced on the bed made of two steel bars or from profile cast-iron or aluminum beams. On the one hand, the front is the front headbox, inside which is placed an electric motor (0.5-1.5 l. P.), Rotating the spindle. The latter has a Morse cone, a leashed center can be inserted into it (with two, three or four knives and one edge), a cartridge or table cheeper. On the other hand, the rear grandmother is located, the center of which mans the workpiece while holding it in a horizontal position.

The girlfriend turning in all directions, located as close as possible to the workpiece, supports and sends the cutter.

On machines with manual adjustment, the speed (frequency) of rotation can switch (from 450 to 2,000 rpm) lever of the gearbox, in which the pulleys with bearings are located. In more complex models of machine tools, the gearbox is replaced by an electronic variator that allows you to smoothly adjust the speed on the go.

Safety when working on a turning machine

Ensuring the safety of working on lathes is a very important event. This cannot be neglected nor nover or professionals. If the instructions are not followed, you can damage your eyes, wander your hands or get a shock.

Rules for work on the lathe

• Put on overalls.
• Check the tool before starting. There must be grounding, protective shields.
• In the cartridge there should be no extra elements (chips).
• Installation of machines More than 16 kg (for men) and 10 kg (for women) are allowed only with the help of special tools.
• The billet should be aligned, securely fixed on the machine.
• It is forbidden to measure the item while the device is running.
• It is impossible to remove the chip of the air jet, maintain the details of the hands.
• Do not attempt to stop the operating device manually.

Types of work on the latter lathe

Depending on which item must be made, there are two ways to fasten the workpiece. In the first case, the wooden part is clamped horizontally between the front and backstone centers. The second method provides for the installation exclusively in the front grandmother using a cartridge or a tablebuck. If you are new to work on this machine, it will be logically starting from the first method.

1. Processing of the workpiece, sandwiched between the centers

This method is used to process the details of the cylindrical shape of various lengths, reinforced between the centers of the front and backstone. Thus, you can make a variety of details: from miniature chess pieces to table legs or races racks. Especially experienced masters can even pull the billiard ki.

How to hold the part

The first step of the work is to find the position of the axis of the wooden billet to hold it between the leash center and the center of the backstone.

• With the help of the corner center, swipe with both ends of the workpiece for two or three lines, the intersection of which will be the center of the end.
• Highly hitting the hammer on the marking core, take the grooves and axial deepening on the end of the workpiece.
• Put the workpiece on the leashed center, move the backstone to the opposite end and please it the item it so that the leashes are well cramped into the grooves on the end, and then remove the center of the back grandmother - the product should hold on.
• Reconnect the center of the backstone to the workpiece to fix it along the axis of the centers. Turn the handwheel of the backstock on a quarter of turnover if the tree is soft, and on the half turn, if it is solid. The item must be fixed so that it can be wrapped with hand without resistance.

Move the girlfriend as close as possible. Turning it with her hand, make sure that the workpiece freely rotates and does not hurt anything. The reference plane of the infrident should be located about 5 mm below the rotation axis.

How to work

The next thing is to make a cylindrical tree bar. This is carried out at a speed of 1,000-1,500 rpm. At the same time, the chips are removed on the right to be left using a wide concave groove chisel for roughing - rair. If a piece of wood is long, roughing is produced in several stages; The girlfriend is moved to the details as it is cleaned, without changing its position in height.

To pull out parts, there are tools of different shapes: the groove of the styling for processing the shaped surface, a flat chisel, a hook, a semicircular cutter, a beveled chisel (jamb) and others.

Depending on the type of tool used and the stage of operation, the girlfriend should be immediately closed. After the process is completed when the item is already calculated, the final finish (grinding, polishing, fascination, toning, etc.) is performed when the girlfriend is removed.

Chernovaya processing

For roughing the cylinder with a raider, set the speed of rotation of 1,000 or 1,500 rpm. The more accurate the cylinder form should be, the greater the speed must be installed. Bruks with a small allowance for processing can be twisted from one pass throughout the entire length, with a large allowance - small portions, moving from the backstone to the spindle.

Start the work smoothly, leaning the cutter rod on the girlfriend and keeping the blade so that the heel of the cutter comes into contact with the tree. Then raise the chisel handle until the edge of the blade starts to crash into the tree, while removing the smooth and well twisted chips. Drive the cutter in the direction of lifting chips in this way: one hand holding a handle, sets the move, and the other - only supports the blade (without clicking on it).

With rough processing of the square bar, it is gently cut off the eyes of the corners, not too much on it. Bring the item to the cylindrical shape of the largest diameter, making a girlfriend as an abscessive passage to the axis of rotation.

Depending on which form you need to give the part, swipe the main lines of the layout of convex and concave parts, turning the workpiece with your hand. Place the bar so that the most wide parts of the part are always located on the side of the front grandmother.

Start with the shocking of the chisel two edges of the workpiece. Relying on the girlfriend, it should smoothly enter the tree (without sharp movements), remaining perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

Check size

Regularly check the size of the caliper. Experienced joinears usually pressed the cutter elbow to the hip to free the hand for the measuring instrument. As soon as the caliper begins to vibrate, reduce the chip thickness. Thus, it is primarily the largest diameters, and then go to the sharpening of the shekes, tori, balls, shoulders, etc.

In order to pull one-hysucky, use the grooved chisel to process the shaped surface. Holding it perpendicular to the axis, drop the cutting edge from the outside inside the bar, lifting and slightly turning the handle. To get a whole torus, make the same operation on both sides.

The neck (arch) is pulled out by the same cutter as the Thor. After a rough processing of the Punchka in the middle of the neck, crush the right height, this time leading the tool from the bottom up and right. Never translate the cutter immediately on one side of the neck to another - they need to be pulled out.

Sheets (small rims, often left on both sides of the neck) are pulled out with a measel-cutter. He has no rear corners on the side edges of the rod, like the chisel, but there is a thin groove to exit chips.

The peller is a smooth transition from one surface to another - in fact, the combination of the torus and cervix. Therefore, first screw the neck, and then the torus adjacent to it.

Detail, sandwiched on both sides, never cut completely. Out from two edges of the groove from two edges, leaving the lintel of the small diameter, and spill the ends with a hacksaw, pre-stopping the machine.

To complete the detail finish, remove the cut holder and process the detail from the bottom of the shallow skin (graininess from 16 to M63). During the work, turn the cross-cross-eye skirt to avoid ring scratches.

To finish the part during the rotation, soda is a piece of wax and polish with a dense cloth or cork material.

2. Processing of the workpiece, sandwiched from one end

In the manufacture of the box, the wooden bar closes only from one end. Depending on the form and dimensions of the parts, different fastening means are used: the cartridge with three or four cams (some clamp in eight points), the "pork tail" cartridge (with installation screws screwing into the part), a collet cartridge or tablebuck.

This work requires considerable skill. Here it is necessary to show more accurate accuracy when pulling the ledge so that the diameter does not do less than need.

Step-by-step process

• Securely clamp the square tree lump in the cartridge so that it is manually to achieve a small beating. Giving a cylindrical shape, you can use a girlfriend for more security.
• When the workpiece acquires the desired shape, treat the free end of the chisel. At the beginning, the cover of the cover is trimmed, and then its interior is selected by a semicircular cutter. The girlfriend is located on the side of the free end of Brousa, while the center of the back grandmother is removed.
• Pulling this part is necessary for the subsequent manufacture of a hat on the leg - decorations on top of the cover. After grinding, the detail cuts the measel-cutter, and then squeezed with a hacksaw when the engine is turned off.
• From the billet remaining in the cartridge is to make a box. As in the previous case, the end is stepping, and the diameter of the occurrence of the cover of the lid is accurately read.
• Cutting on the markup a slightly conical deepening, drive it into it with a pioneer. Its bin must be a height of at least 5 mm.
• The connection of the cover with a box is quite durable, so they can be treated with a joint christmas tree. It is necessary to work smooth, uniform movements, removing the chips in the direction from more convex parts to more subtle.
• When you give a box of the desired shape, cut down thin grooves and burn them (do dark) with a stretched iron wire. The last operation should be stopped with the advent of smoke.
• Apply to the finished rotating box, spraying from the can, nitrolac, and then treat it with chips.
• After that, the product cover wax and polish the plug.

Insert the wedge between the box and the lid and, slightly hitting the image, remove it. Using the drill fixed in the backstone, drill a hole in the product that will set the depth. Cutting tool (scraper) Keep along the rotation axis, lifting the handle until the optimal cutting angle is found. The cutter can be operated by moving it from the center to the periphery of the workpiece or vice versa. From time to time, check the depth. When the inside is sharpened, fir the seat hole for a fine-grained skin cover, and then cut the box of the Maisel-cutter.

We also recommend reading the video operation on the lathe.

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