Unikani za Windows Yopanda Yopanda Veriver - Yozungulira ndi Semiclerth, Oltips ndi Semi-Core, akhathamiritsa ndi mikono, traperar, exngior, exngit.
Malo opangira matansi am'mizinda omangidwa ndi nyumba wamba, anali atafika m'matauni. Kutsutsa mgwirizano wotere kumafuna kutuluka ndikupeza pomwe nyumba yomanga dziko. Chikhumbo chofuna kupereka mawonekedwe a umunthu wake ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe oyambira.
Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe, malo ndi kukula kwa Windows ndi njira imodzi mwamaluso kwambiri. Nthawi zina zenera limatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a Faces. Zojambula zomwe sizikugwirizana ndizotsindika mtundu womwe wasankhidwa ndi wopanga kapena, m'malo mwake, amathandizira kubwerera kuchokera ku ma calani. Amakongoletsa nyumbayo panja ndipo nthawi yomweyo imatenga gawo lofunikira mkatikati, mu mawonekedwe apadera otseguka.
Omanga-e.orova, N.Golovin Chithunzi v.neplepledova | 
Polia. | 
Katswiri M. BSSHHHHEVSKY Chithunzi k. Manko. | 
Zojambula za E. Shchelnova Chithunzi K. Manko |
1. Atha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cholimbikitsidwa ndi zomwe zingawasokonekera, kuyimira ntchito yomanga yolimba.
2. Zenera lagalasi lopanda mawindo kuchokera ku mahogany (urzdewski)
3.Nene Egypt Graiverts imatha kupanga mawindo, magawo, kuperewera ndi khomo mu kalembedwe kake
4. Maonekedwe odziwika kwambiri a zenera lowunikira ndi lozungulira kapena laling'ono
Kusakhazikika kwa osakhazikika kumakhala kokhazikika kwa mawindo ozungulira (mozungulira ndi semicle ndi semi-core, kapena semi-tranr). Zipangizo zoterezi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito osati kokha pakumanga kwa rust. Madandaulo omwe amamangidwa mu XIX-koyambirira kwa XXV. Ndipo tsopano kubwezeretsani, nyumba za Stalin ndi nyumba zina zatsopano ndizotseguka pa nyumba zonse izi, zowoneka bwino zomwe zimafuna njira yapadera.
Meii pamunda wagalasi
Pali njira zambiri zosonyezera mawindo pansi pa antiel. Choyamba, matembenuzidwe abodza amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuphatikizidwa m'mawindo owala kwambiri.
Maziko okwezeka amapangidwa kuchokera popapatiza (8-12mm) pulasitiki kapena aluminium. Ikakhazikitsidwa, ndikofunikira kuti mtunda pakati pa magalasi adakhala osachepera 16mm, kapena kutengera ndi chipongwe ndi chipongwe champhamvu cha mphepo, chimayenda bwino kwambiri za kukula kwakukulu). M'lifupi la PVC, mtengo kapena mafomu a aluminim umasiyana. Amapanga chinyengo chodalirika kwathunthu, mbiri yakale yomwe imabwereranso ku nthawiyo yomwe inali yosatheka kupanga magalasi akuluakulu. Ndikothekanso kuti mubwezeretse mothandizidwa ndi phirili-galasi lagalasi (kapena galasi lonyamula galasi), koma ndiukadaulo wovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
Opanga ena a PVC Systems, Schco, wopepuka (onse ku Germany) - mu dongosolo lolemera) amatulutsa mawindo okongola, zopangidwa mwapadera pa ID. Zinthu zoterezi zimapangidwa kokha m'mafakitale akunja, ndipo pamsika wathu ndi njira yayikulu: Kutumiza ku Russia ndikotheka popempha.
Kusintha Fomu
Onse a PVC, ndipo kuchokera ku Aluminiyamu, ndipo kuchokera ku matabwa amatha kupanga mawindo a zovuta, koma pali zoperewera chifukwa cha zinthu za zinthuzi ndi zina mwa matekinoloje. Kupatula apo, ndikofunikira kuti Windows yomwe siyikuyenda imakwaniritsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizimveka bwino komanso zotsika mtengo, sizikugwirizana ndi chinyezi ndipo, pomaliza, zinali zolimba. . Chifukwa chake, yesani kudziwa ntchito zomwe amapanga zamakono, ndipo palibe. Tidzasungira nthawi yomweyo chidwi chimenecho m'nkhaniyi lidzalipidwa pazenera pulasitiki zomwe zikufuna kwambiri.
koma. | 
b. | 
IN. | 
G. |
Mawindo okhalitsa a Windows ndi mawindo owoneka bwino: koma - Okhazikika pamunda wa pines faif (Isarholz); B. - Semi-wakufa kuchokera ku mbiri yakale ya Kve ("Eurowanda")
M'lifupi mwa pulasitiki pulasitiki spros ( mu ) Amasiyana mkati mwa 8-40mm. Okwera m'matumbo agalasi ( G. ) Sizinali zochulukirapo kuposa 12mm, koma imakupatsani mwayi wopanga njira yovuta, chifukwa imapirira mosavuta, chifukwa imathamangira atatenthetsa ndi mafakitale osungunuka.
Mzere wake. Pakati pa zojambulajambula ndi chikhalidwe chotchuka kwambiri. Jesl Gothic adabuka ndi maorish (mawonekedwe a kavalo) zigawo zitha kupezeka pakutulutsa koloko, ndiye gawo la maakaunti a semi-curges osachepera 6-8% ya msika wawindo. Pamwambowu, nthawi yokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a mtunda wa North Eurce imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri aars omwe ali ndi malo osalala a "kutayidwa" kuchokera kumamiyala, ndikuwaphatikizira pakona.
Kutalikirana kwakukulu popanga kukhazikika ndi mikono-mikono, kuzungulira, mawindo a Windows zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki chifukwa cha radius yochepera yomwe mafayilo amatha kugwadira. Chifukwa chake, kwa ma pvc ma pvc (amaphatikiza majambulidwe a mabokosi, SASS, iPasts) ndi 5-6 mizere yawo. Ndiye kuti, chifukwa cha mbiri ya bokosi (m'magulu ambiri kutalika ndi pafupifupi 70mm kapena zochepa) radius yocheperako idzakhala 350 mm, chifukwa cha SAS, 80mm) - 400mm. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kupanga zenera lokhazikika (lozungulira) ndi m'lifupi (m'mimba mwake) zosakwana 700 mm, koma imatsegulidwa ndi 800mm. Nthawi yomweyo, wopanga aliyense wa mawindo ali ndi malire ake, zimatengera zomwe zida zili ndi zolimba.
Rudopus | 
| 
"Windows Windows" | 
"Eurowka" |
5. Kampani Rudis yapanga ukadaulo womwe umakupatsani mwayi wolumikiza mawindo owoneka bwino pazenera lamatanda pazenera la 90 popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chimango komanso ma SFFELER
6. Tsatsani matekinoloji a ukadaulo wa PVC-Mbiri Yotsogola ku Mosbuld 2008 Chiwonetsero (Stemist)
7. Kukonzekera kwa gawo la pawindo la matabwa a matabwa
8. Kutsitsa Windows ndi ngodya zosakwana 30 kovuta
Fotokozerani mwachidule za momwe pa PVC STATRE. Gawoli limatenthedwa pafupifupi 130s, pambuyo pake limapereka mawonekedwe, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera (dongosolo lapadera kwambiri kuchokera ku wochititsa a Guompoctoc Ofductor) Pali njira ziwiri zotenthetsera mbiri yapulasitiki: "Kunyowa" momwe gawo limalumikizidwa ndi mphindi 10-15 posamba glycerin, ndi "mbiri yotenthetsera ndi madeti mpweya wotentha kudzera m'miyendo yake. Chinthu komanso m'njira ina mutha kutentha mbiri ya 3000mm nthawi yayitali komanso zina popanda kuchepetsa kutalika kwa gawo.
Imakhala yoyera komanso yachikuda yonse, yokhala ndi zokutira ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu za cholunjika cha nkhope yomwe ili osavutika ndi zonse. "Njira yonyowa" yomwe idawoneka koyambirira kuposa "youma" imakupatsani mwayi wotentha mbiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizotheka kupewa maonekedwe a mbolo zamkati mwazinthu zomwe zawonongeka komanso zovuta zina. Komabe, zida zotsika mtengo komanso zofunda "zomwe zimatenthedwa sizikupezeka kwa opanga onse.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Pakupanga zenera losagwirizana, mtengowo pazifukwa zingapo ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri. Choyamba, chifukwa mbiri yamatabwa imatha kugonjetsedwa ndi katundu wotsogolera ku makoma osafunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kosunga othamanga, mphamvu ya mankhwala a angular a mafelemu amtengo ndi SASH imakhala yokwera kuposa yopangidwa kuchokera ku ma pvc (ngakhale kupezeka kwa chitsulo chomaliza). Zinalipo, mtengo, mosiyana ndi pulasitiki, siyoyenera kufalikira kwa mafuta. Geometry yomwe yatchulidwa ya SASS siyisintha pakuchita opareshoni - ngati, inde, zomwe zili pazenera zinali bala loyera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kupanga Windows ndi khonde zitseko mpaka 2800m wamtali (wokhala ndi zaka 800mm), komanso chidwi cha mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwawo.
Posachedwa kwambiri panali matekinoloje omwe amalola kuteteza mazenera opukutira ndi mizere yokhotakhota kuchokera kuzomwe zakumwamba pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoteteza, zomwe zimakulitsa mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito ndikuwonjezera kukula kwake.
Dmitry Yakubov, General Director of RudoPis
Madera a CVC ali ndi mafayilo a PVC satsimikiziridwa (chitsulo cha zitsulo sichingamveke pa rauus yopatsidwa nthawi imodzi ndi mbiri yake yozungulira PVC popanda kuwononga chomaliza). Ndikudziwa kuti, ndizosatheka kukonza mwamphamvu zowonjezera, "lumo", ndikukonzanso shash pamalo otseguka ,.d., komanso zinthu zolimbitsa thupi - ndizolimbikitsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke pazoletsa kukula kwake ndi njira zotsegulira. Chifukwa chake, m'mimba mwake mwazenera lotseguka lokhala ndi chimbudzi chimodzi chokwanira kwambiri sichingakhale choposa 1200mm, ndikukhalapo kwa sayansi yopingasa yomwe malupu amakonzedwa. Zenera la mbiri ya Bent limataya kwambiri ndi abale ake otchuka chifukwa chokhoza kupewa kubisala, chifukwa chakuti ali ndi zigawo popanda kulimbikitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kukhazikitsa nyumba zotetezedwa.
koma. | 
b. | 
IN. |
G. | 
d. | 
e. |
Mitundu ya Windows: koma - Ndi ogontha Framoga; B. - Ndikutsegula Framoga; D. - Osamva a PVC; E. - Matanda ndi ma flap atatu otsegulira.
Mitundu ya Windows Windows yokhala ndi mapiri abodza: mu - Wokhazikika pansi pa zakale, wokhala ndi Framoga ndikukongoletsedwa; G. - Mtundu Wamakono.
Kufunafuna njira yopindulitsa kwambiri komanso yaukadaulo nthawi zonse kumafuna njira ya munthu. Ndipo ngakhale ndi matseguka ovuta ndipo nthawi zina zofuna za makasitomala, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodziyimira: theka patsiku la chipilalacho, kulimbikitsa zojambulazo ndi zingwe zowonjezera mu Spash, kuphatikiza magawo. Mwachitsanzo, zenera lokhalamo mu chisonyezo cholimba sizimafalikira kwinaku, ndibwino kuti muchite izi ndi zopingasa zapamwamba zopingasa, ndi scangular scash, yomwe imatsegulidwa mwanjira iliyonse.
Zida zodzabwitsidwa zimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu. Mbiri ya Aluminium imapangidwa ndi kuzizira pamakina ozungulira. Mutu wocheperako nthawi zambiri sunapitirira kutalika kwa mbiri zitatu. Tekinolojiyi imapereka ulemu kwa kukula kwa gawo la gawo la Mbiri, ndipo mphamvu zake sizimavutika. Kalanga ine, kufunikira kobweza mtengo wokwera kumayambitsa mtengo wa Windows, wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zenera la 3mminium mu 2-2.5 zaka zodula kuposa 1M2 wamba.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Nkhani Yopanga "Osakhazikika" siili kutsogoleredwa ndi zolemba zapadera zokhudzana ndi kupanga mawindo a PVC, ndipo makamaka pamakhala kampaniyo m'derali. Kuti athane ndi ntchito zotere, zida zapadera, zida, zowona, ambuye oyenerera, omwe maphunziro ake ndi otheka pochita. Kuti mupeze zinthu zabwino kwambiri, monga momwe zingakhalikirire, choyamba ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zaukwati. Kalanga ine, mabizinesi pawokha, omwe antchito awo alibe chidziwitso chofunikira, chosasamala "chilichonse, popanda kuchenjeza kasitomala wonena za ukadaulo womwe ulipo. Nthawi yomweyo, mulingo wa zovuta zomwe zingapangitse mtengo wokwera, womwe sutsimikizira mtundu woyenera. Chifukwa chake, musanayitanitse mawonekedwe osagwirizana, kukula kapena zenera losintha mu kampani inayake, muyenera kumufunsa zomwe akukumana nazo mukamapanga nyumba zotere.
Gregory Alyaev, Mutu wa Dipatimenti Yophunzitsira ya Protein
Matanda Omwe Amakhala, Wozungulira Windows ndi zina zofananira zimapangidwa, ndikuwona gawo lochokera ku Courpient ya Polymonal, kenako ndikuyenera momwe amafunira mmenemo. Njirayi imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala komanso zolemetsa kwambiri, koma zimapereka zoyenerera kwambiri. M'lifupi cha chipilalacho chitha kukhala choletsa chochepa cha 300 mm zomwe zimayambitsa kuti pansi pa 150mm ndizosatheka kukhazikika pagalasi ya aluminiyamu (koma kuwongolera kumeneku kumachotsedwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito chimango chosinthika kuchokera ku Polycarbonate). Mtengo wa zenera lokhala ndi maluwa mu 1.6-2.2Radis ndiwokwera kuposa makona akomwewo.
"Window Hobbit" | 
Womanga zovala Chithunzi k. Manko. | 
Zomanga ku I. Kniyazev Chithunzi v.vasuliev |
9. Mawonekedwe a blossy kuchokera ku mtundu wa mtundu wa Voka
10,11. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopezeka panyumba yomweyo kumaphatikizapo njira ya Hyp katswiri ku polojekiti ndi ntchito yomanga. Pokhapokha ngati izi pazenera zimayenera kuwoneka kwa nyumbayo ndi mkati mwake. Achetoba sanapereke zovuta zowonjezera pakuchita opareshoni, zowongolera zinthu zimangotsatira kokha kuchokera kwa opanga otsogolera
Kuchokera pakona mpaka ngodya. Mawindo a trianglar ndi trapezoidal nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu minda yapaivala ndi theka. Mawindo a mawonekedwe adziko lokhalamo molongosoka m'maiko; Amathanso kukhazikitsidwa ku Lulgar. Njira yothetsera kukongola kwambiri kwa intuc ndi njira ina ku mazenera omwe ali padenga.
Koma pano sikupita kulikonse kuchokera ku malemedwe aluso. Mbali yocheperako ya PVC imatengera mtundu wawo ndi kuthekera kwake kwa zida (makina owuma kwambiri, kutalika kwa zinthu zotenthetsera sikupitilira 210 mm). Monga lamulo, ngodya zochepa zomwe zimatheka kuti zitheke ndi zaka 30. Mfundo yake, imatha kuwomedwa ndi pansi pa ngodya yakuthwa, koma msoko wake uzikhala wosadulidwa ndi zomwe zikuchitika Miyezo (malinga ndi Gost30633-99 "Polyvinyl chloride majenti a zenera ndi chitseko" iyenera kukhala osachepera 70% ya miyala yonse yamitundu yonse). Apa timangoyankhula za mawindo osamva omwe amapangidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kampu. Kutalika kochepera komwe mungaphike mafayilo a Sash - 45. Ngati malo otsetsereka a padengawo ndi ochepera 45, malo otsegulira a trapezoidal ndibwino kutsogolo. Njira zoterezi zimakupatsani mwayi wobwereza mizere ya padenga la padenga lomwe lingakhale lakuthwa kwambiri lomwe lingakhale ndi malo atatu.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Mukamapanga nyumba yokhala ndi intaneti yopanda zenera, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire ndi katswiri kuchokera ku kampani yopanga zenera. Palibe milandu ikatha kuyeza kuti mwakuwona mwanzeru zomwe ndizosatheka kupanga windo la pulasitiki kuti lizitseguliratu, ndipo ngati zili zenizeni, mphamvu ndi / kapena kapena kupanikizika kwa zinthu sizingakhale zokhuza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ma radius a chipilalayu ndi mfundo zovomerezeka, m'mbali mwa magawowo amachokera kunja, komanso mawonekedwe a mipata pamwamba pa khoma lakutsogolo. Koma ngakhale ndi radius wofanana ndi miyeso isanu ndi umodzi, kukula kwake kwa gawo lake pamtanda kumasinthidwa, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa mfutiyo. Nthawi zambiri, makasitomala amafunsidwa kuti apange malo opanga ma translucent ndi madera oposa 2,5m2 popanda zikuluzikulu kapena mtunda wautali pakati pawo (mawindo a French French lero), kunyalanyaza za PVC kulibe mphamvu yokwanira kutero. Zipangizo zabwino kwambiri za zithunzi zoterezi ndi nkhuni kapena "zofunda" aluminiyamu.
Vladimir Gorentsky, Atsogoleri a National Katswiri wa Kampani Yukko
Kuchokera ku aluminium ndi mbiri yamatabwa (okwatirana oyamba mu ngodya amagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira) mwakufuna kwaminga kapena chinsalu chotseguka kwambiri: ndi makona otseguka, pafupifupi 30, osasunthika, pafupifupi 20.
Mawindo a Tronger, monga lamulo, ali ndi zida za swivel kapena zotheka pokhapokha, ngati zingatheke, kukhala ndi gulu langozi kwambiri (apo) SASS ikukhudza mabokosi abodza). Windows ya trapezoidal ikhoza kukhala ma swivel kapena kukulunga ndi kukulunga.
Chiphunzitso chambiri
French (ndi mawindo ena onse olimbikitsa a PVC ikhoza kupangidwa kokha ngati kukula kwa minda yowoneka ngati minda yowoneka ndi unyinji wa ma tambala sapitirira malire ovomerezeka. Akatswiri "pawindo" amazindikira zomwe amakhulupirira pazojambula zomwe zili muzolemba zaukadaulo zomwe zili patsamba lililonse.
Zopanda malire zimatengera zomwe: kutalika ndi kutalika kwa makoma, makulidwe a phukusi lagalasi, mtundu wa mfuti (shootry ya ndulu . Kwa makina odziwika kwambiri a Chamber-Chamber - kapangidwe kake (Rehau), katswiri (KHA), FETA) , Russia) ndi ena ambiri ndi miyeso yayikulu ya makona akona yokhala ndi mawindo okwanira 2100900mm, koma mulifupi ndi kutalika kwa 1500 mm kutalika kochepera 1500mm. Pochita izi, opanga mawindo, monga lamulo, amabwerera kuchokera ku macila aluso kwambiri omwe atchulidwa mu zolembedwa zakale, kupita kumbali yaying'ono ndikukhazikitsa malire awo kukula kwa nthawi iliyonse yomanga.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Dziwani ngati kampani ili ndi yomwe mukufuna kuyitanitsa mawindo omwe siwosamba osakhala okha, zomwe zachitika zomwe sizingakhale zovuta kwambiri. Mtsogolo Mtsogolo, afunseni album ndi zithunzi za zinthu zowala. Ndikofunikira kuti pali mawindo, ofanana ndi omwe mukufuna. Kenako, zindikirani zomwe sitingathe kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe mukufuna. Ngati muli ndi vuto kuti palibe zoletsa, ndikofunikira kukayikira luso la mlangizi ndipo, motero, m'malo ali pa kampaniyo pamsika. Openerera, pezani nthawi ya lamulolo. Ngati, ndi voliyumu yaying'ono (mwachitsanzo, kunyezimira kwa nyumba ya dziko), amapitilira 1 kapena wogulitsa akana kuwauza, zomwe zingakhale zopanga zinthu zina mwachilengedwe, izi zikhudza mtengo.
Mkango Misampha Willin, mutu wa gulu la magulu a makampani a "Proplex"
Zoyenera kwambiri kupanga mawindo akuluakulu amawonedwa moyenera ma prine a aluminiyamu. Chiwonetsero chilichonse chimasesa pali ma premidar okwera kwambiri kutalika (m'lifupi mwake) kutengera unyinji wa sash (50-400kg). Koma apa zoletsa pamtunda wa mawindo owoneka bwino, kutengera katundu wamphepo, amafunsidwa (dera, mtundu wa madera, malo okwerawo amafunsidwa).
Mitundu yonse ral
Kutulutsa Zida
Zojambula zilizonse zopanda malire zimabweretsa kungoyitanitsa. Kuchokera pakampaniyo imabwera katswiri yemwe amachita (malinga ndi mawindo omwe sakufunafuna, ndikofunikira kupanga zomangamanga m'gulu la geometric, ndipo ndi ma geometry olakwika, nthawiyo ilinso kuti apange template). Ngati kampaniyo ili ndi zida zonse zofunika, nthawi yopulumutsa dongosolo kufananizidwa ndi Windows Minier iwonjezeka ndi masiku 5 mpaka 15 (ngakhale, zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa ntchitoyo). Ngati thandizo la kusintha liyenera, mabwinja angawonjezere 1 mesm ndi zina zambiri. Mtengo wazenera losagwirizana nthawi zonse umawerengera aliyense payekhapayekha, palibe "owerengetsa" pa intaneti zamakampani ambiri sangathandize. Nthawi zambiri zimawonjezereka ndipo mtengo wa kukhazikitsa (utoto wa 10% wa mtengo wa mawindo amasinthidwa kukhala 15 kapena 20%).Kukweza ndalama zamitengo yopanda mapulogalamu apulasitiki
| Mtundu wa Windows | Kugwilizana |
|---|---|
| Ant | 1.3-1.6 |
| Trainelar ndi trapezoidal | 1.2-1.4 |
| Ndi wabodza | 1.2-1.4 |
| Ndi mbali imodzi | 1,2 |
| Ndi mabila | 1,3 |
Otsatsa amayamika yucko, rumupis, ma euro-windows, "mawindo a Hobbit", "Rus", Rehau yothandizira pokonzekera zinthu.