Tikudziwa kuti zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugona, ngakhale zolimbikitsira zimafunikira kuti zikhale, komanso fanizo zomwe zalembedwa ndi zomwe zidamanga.
Makoma a njerwa akhala chizindikiro cha kukhazikika, koma amapatukana kwambiri ndi kutentha, koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, lero nyumba yamiyala imangidwa, kuphatikiza mabatani ochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakonzanso khoma, ukadaulo woterewu umatchedwa womanga.
Zinthu za omanga
Munjira yapakatikati, zida zodziwika kwambiri za miyala yamkati yamaso ndi zotchinga za gasi d500 ndi d600, komanso gawo losochera. Kwamiyala yakunja imagwiritsa ntchito zofiira, zachikasu ndi chikasu. Zachidziwikire, zina, zosemphana kwambiri, monga polystyrene ndi konkriti zosinthika ndizotheka. Manja amkati mwa mitu yamkati ndi zofunika kutsogolera "zofunda" zofunda "zomalizira (pali zosintha zapadera (pali mawonekedwe apadera a mitsempha ya mpweya ndi matope), komanso matope a misampha ya seams. Kuchokera mkati mwake, makomawa nthawi zambiri amakhala opatsidwa kapena kujambulidwa ndi zouma (ngati kusokonezedwa ndikotheka pakuwotcha, njira yoyamba ndiyosankhidwa).
Adakhala owoneka bwino opangidwa ndi njerwa ndi Ceramoblocks: 1 - Kuyang'anizana ndi njerwa yotsika; 2 - The tepporolourrolorn gap (yolumikizidwa) yodzazidwa ndi yankho; 3 - Kulimbikitsa basaltoplastic Grid; 4 - Chingwe chambiri chambiri.
Omangidwa omangidwa ndi njerwa ndi ceramoblocks ndi slab, 1 - yoyang'anizana ndi njerwa; 2 - Chingwe cha chipilala chambiri; 3 - Micher ya mchere yokhala ndi makulidwe a 100 mm; 4 - Zosintha zokhazokha za basaltoplact ndi chotchera.
Womanga zomangamanga zopangidwa ndi njerwa ndi thovu ndi slab slab (1 - chinsalu chotsirizidwa; 2 - Mbale zamchere zamchere ndi makulidwe a 100 mm; 3 - Njerwa ya Conterker; 4 - Zosintha zokhazokha za basaltoplact ndi chotchera.
Wokhala wamaso wopangidwa ndi njerwa ndi midadada: 1 - yolunjika ndi matenthedwe okumba; 2 - njerwa yonse ya nkhope; 3 - Ma polima osinthika; 4 - Ma polystyrene mabwalo.
Kugona kwa mabatani a konkriti ndi chimbudzi choyenda: 1 - chotchinga chachikulu (mwala wosola); 2 - Ma waya olumikizidwa; 3 - Sermiculite yokhazikika; 4 - Chuma chansalu;
Omvera opangidwa ndi njerwa ndi mabatani ndi slab, 1 - nkhope yathya; 2 - Ma polima osinthika; 3 - Tsamba la EPPS; 4 - Ceramit konkriti Clock.
Monga lamulo, pamafunika kuti zomangira pakati pa zigawo zili zosinthasintha, apo ayi kusiyana kwa shrinkage ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu kumatha kuyambitsa mapangidwe.
Kupanga kwa masamba awiri kumachitika nthawi zonse kumapangitsa kuti azitha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi amakono. Mwachitsanzo, khoma la ma tarthem midadada ndi njerwa yotsika ndi makulidwe a 50 cm (38 + 12 cm (38 ma cm) amateteza kutentha kwa 2.9 M2 • ° C / D Ndipo madera a Leningrad, sizimakwaniritsa zofunikira za olumikizana 50.133330.2012 Kutetezedwa kwa nyumba "(3.2 M2 • ° • - ° C).
Mavuto a mabatani a chimanga pa chithovu adagawidwa ku Europe, komwe mabatani ali ndi miyeso yolondola, chifukwa mutatha kuwombera.
Tili ndi zomangamanga pa guluu wofunda, lololeza kusiyanasiyana makulidwe a seams kuti agwirizane mzere.
Chifukwa chake, ntchito yomanga-atatuwa imakhudzidwa momwe kuperekera pakati pa michere iwiri - mbale kapena mwala (wathanthwe la polysstrate, etc.). Kusanja kwa kutentha kwa khoma la thovu (30 + 12 cm) yokhala ndi kusanjikiza ndi makulidwe a 5 cm ndi 3.4-3.8 m2 • ° C / W.
Popewa mapangidwe a kutalika, kugona kwa njerwa ndibwino yankho lapadera ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimanga mchere.
Igo Rogozhin, wamkulu wa KSK-block
Kusintha katundu wamatenthedwe, sikofunikira kuti mulowetse gawo lina - ndizotheka kuwonjezera makulidwe owonjezera opatsa mphamvu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yochepa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, D400 Mitundu yolumikizidwa kapena mitundu yofanana ndi ya ceramic. Komabe, poyambirira, mtengo wa mabokosi osati mabokosi okhawo amakula, komanso maziko ake ndi osathandiza. Ndipo mu chipolopolo chachiwiri cha khoma silikhala lokwanira kuzindikira katunduyo kuchokera ku inchep yodutsamo ndi padenga - liyeneranso kubwezeretsedwa ndi Armojois, yomwe ifunanso zochulukirapo kuposa mtengo wa ubweya ). Kuphatikiza apo, zingakhale zovuta kukhazikitsa nyumba iliyonse ndi nyumba zilizonse, monga zitseko za garaja.
Kusankhidwa kwa Kusunga
Ubweya wa mchere ndi wokwera mtengo, wotsika kwambiri ndi zowombera zowombera matenthedwe ndipo ndikoopa kuti chinyezi (ndikofunikira kuti tibwezenso), koma sizomwe sizikhudza nthuma pakhoma. Ndipo polyfoam saphonya Straw ndipo mwachinsinsi amatha kutseka chinyezi mkati mwa mawonekedwe otsekera (ngakhale kuti paulendo wozungulira wa khomalo umapezeka ndi mpweya wabwino wogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino.
Mukamalola nyumba ya mabulosi a Cerathate, mbale za polystyrene zimachitika popanda mpweya wabwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, matenthedwe okumba otuwa amakulira ndipo omwe amalumpha safuna.
Phindu la kubereka limatha kupangidwa ndi njerwa. Ubwino wa kapangidwe kake - kusavuta kukhazikitsa, mtengo wotsika mtengo wa zida ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri mafuta
Mukazindikira pakhoma la masamba atatu, kusokonezeka kwa malo otsetsereka akunja kumatsekedwa ndi tiiley pafupi ndi njerwa kapena pafupi ndi yankho.
Ubweya waubweya wa mchere umakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kukana ndipo amaphonya maanja maanja, omwe amathandizira kusunga kutentha kwa khoma la khoma.
Matenda amwano amatanthauza kalasi yazinthu zosasintha - mu izi zisanachitike kutsogolo kwagalasi (quartz).
Kuonjezeretsa
Mu womanga uliwonse, woyang'ana wamkulu ayenera kulimbikitsidwa molunjika ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhope. Kuti muwonjezere zomangamanga, chitsulo ndi basaltoplastic Masonring Mesh, zitsulo zachitsulo, waya, zoyezera za pulasitiki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati pali kusiyana kwakukulu, zomangira zosakhazikika kokha kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya malo onyowa kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa mauna osamwazikana kapena am'mimba pazaka 20 zokha.
Pamaso pa kusiyana kwa mpweya wabwino, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira zomangamanga, mwa malumikizidwe osapanga dzimbiri, monga gulu lachitsulo lotchuka.
Kapena ndodo zolimba.
Kapena ndodo za polymer.
Grid mu seams omanga iyenera kuyikidwa mu sitepe yoposa 60 cm molunjika (ndiye kuti, osakhalapo mizere itatu ya mabatani), ndi ma ansalu kapena pafupifupi 65 masentimita mozungulira. Komabe, ngati kukula kwa kusiyana kwamphamvu komanso kusiyana mpweya wabwino kumapitilira 10 cm, kuchuluka kwa maulalo kumawonjezeredwa ndi 20-30%.
Kutsegulira mphepo
Kodi ndikufunika mpweya wabwino m'khoma lomwe limakwawa? Nthawi zina inde, nthawi zina ayi - kutengera kapangidwe ka khoma. Chilolezo cha osachepera 30 mm chimafunikira ngati pakatikati pake chimakhala ndi ubweya wa ubweya wa mchere. Nthawi zonse pamakhala chizolowezi chonyowa zinthu zowoneka bwino ndi zipinda kuchokera pamalopo (okhala ndi parrot yayikulu m'munsi) ndi mvula mkati mwamiyala yosindikizidwa. Ndipo chifukwa cha Vintzor, kusokonezeka kumatha kuwuma ndipo sikutaya malo ake.
Pamakhoma osankhidwa awiri, ntchanzor amafunikira ngati kukana kwa cholumikizira ndi kwakukulu (oposa 30%) pamwamba pa chizindikiritso chomwecho pamtunda waukulu ndipo pali chiopsezo cha mapangidwe awo.
Chitsimikizo chachikulu chambiri chimayenera kukhala ndi mabowo ogulitsa. Ndikofunika kusiya misozi yokhotakhota pachimake ndikutseka malo awo osapanga dzimbiri - zofunikira zoterezi ndizosawoneka pamavuto. Kuphatikiza apo, kuvomerezedwa kumatha kudziunjikira m'munsi mwa mitsinje, kotero zomangazi pano ziyenera kukhala zodzitchinjiriza ndi zinthu zokhala ndi mastic kapena zokutira chifukwa cha 10 cm kuchokera pansi pa mpweya wabwino; Komanso, njira zochotsa madzi, zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi gawo 2-3 m).
Njerwa yokongoletsera imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo saphonya mabanja.
Ngati chovala chamkati cha zomangamanga chimapangidwa, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku milekani yopanda mafuta, kusiyana pakati pa zigawo kumafunikira.
Kufanizira kwa masoka ndi mitundu ina
Mu msewu wochokera mumsewu (Entersa wakunja), monga lamulo, pali zida zokongoletsera zakuthambo, mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a malo okhala (kumbali yamkati) - mabatani ofunda . Zigawo zonsezi zili ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo tili ndi mphamvu yokwanira; Kuthamanga ndi padenga nthawi zambiri kumangokoka.
Zida zonyansa, zida zodziwika kwambiri za osanjikiza kwambiri makoma - mabatani opepuka.
Cerarazito-konkriti
Ceramic
Makoma ngati amenewa safuna kumaliza ntchito ndipo safuna kukonza konse. Mu mtundu wofikiridwa (wokhala ndi ubweya wapakati wa thovu kapena ubweya wa michere), zotchinga zimatetezedwa modalirika kuti zisafike nyengo ndi nyengo. Koma makoma a miyala atawoneka ndiokwera mtengo ndipo amafunikira maziko amphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, maziko a nthiti yakuya kapena konkriti yotsimikizika yotsimikizika yokhala ndi makulidwe a 300-500 mm amakhazikika kapena kuchepera, koma ndi zipsepse - kusankha kumadalira dera la nyumbayo ndi mtundu wa nthaka. Pa dothi la kutsetsereka, ndikusintha kwa nyumbayo, mulu wa pile yodula kwambiri ndipo slab base ingafunike.
Pomanga kuchokera ku njerwa ndi njerwa za jumper pa njira, zonyamula mizati, kuchirikiza malamba okutira ndi madenga, komanso kuchulukana nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuchokera ku konkriti yolimbikitsidwa.
Nkhukumalo
Ndipo ngati mungasunthe kamodzi? Kupatula apo, makoma, opindidwa kokha kuchokera pamagawo owala, kenako kupatsidwa chipata, kuteteza kupulumutsa pamaziko ndipo iwo adzawononga ndalama zotsika mtengo. Uwo ndi nyumba yokhayo yomwe iyenera kukhala yomanga pafupipafupi, ndipo patatha zaka 20 3-30, kubwezeretsa pulasitala kungafunike. Tile ofunda pamatumbo sakhala okhwima pang'ono kuposa matope. Ponena za mawonekedwe okwera, mukamagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zapamwamba (zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zowoneka bwino kuphatikiza ma tales kapena mwala wojambula) kapangidwe kake ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo.
Ndizolondola kuti pakhale nkhope yakumaso nthawi imodzi ndi wamkulu, koma imaloledwa kuphatikiza njerwa ndipo zili kale kale.
Zojambulajambula ndi kufinya
M'malo mwake, omvera amathanso kuonedwa ngati kukongoletsa ndi njerwa yayikulu (mu njerwa imodzi kapena theka ndi theka la njerwa) zimafunikira kukonza, koma chiwonetsero chamkati chimasanjidwa makamaka Pankhani ya micclimate m'nyumba.
Tsekani makoma, otulutsidwa ndi thovu, pafupifupi osaphonya Steam, koma amatha kuyamwa chinyezi kuchokera mlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, nyumba yotereyi ndi zofunika kukhazikitsa gulu la dongosololo lokakamiza ndipo osalola nyengo yozizira kuti muwonjezere chinyezi m'malo mwa 45%.
Sangweji
Imodzi mwa njira zina zomwe zimachitika zomangamanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito miyala yaying'ono yaying'ono. Masamba otchedwa otentha kwambiri ndi zinthu zitatu zosanjikiza ndi konkriti wa Ceramizi (zopangidwa) ndikutulutsa polystyrene ("pakati"). Makoma ochokera mu nkhaniyi amakhala ndi mafuta abwino ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mphamvu zambiri. Makina omanga macheke amagona chifukwa ma sinkrete yekhayo amalumikizidwa ndi yankho, ndipo pakati pa msoko samasiyidwa kapena kudzaza chithovu chonyamula. M'makona ndi maenje, zinthu zapadera zimafunikira, momwe kusokonekera kumatsekedwa osati kuchokera mbali yakutsogolo, komanso kuchokera kumbali ina. Ndipo popeza ndizosatheka kugawanika ndewu, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuchepetsedwa, ndipo ma halive omaliza amafunikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zina zitheke komanso pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zikadali makoma amakula nthawi 1.5-2 mwachangu kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi kuyika kwabwinobwino. Mimbulu yamoto yamoto imatsutsana kwambiri ndi nthunzi. Kuphatikiza apo, amafunikira kupaka utoto, motero kubwezeretsa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Mu sandwich block, zigawo zimalumikizidwa ndi nyumba yachifumu "kapena mchira wa Totochka" kapena zikhomo zowunikira.
Kuphatikiza apo, amapaka pamodzi wina ndi mnzake. Monga momwe zimakhalira mabatani wamba, zomangazi ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi mzera wozungulira kudzera mumizere iwiri kapena itatu.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mungaganize zomanga "nyumba kwa zaka zana" ndiye kuti ndibwino kupeza zomangazi. Koma ndikofunikira kusankha zida ndi ukadaulo womanga mosamala kwambiri, kuyang'aniridwa ndi zomangamanga ndikofunikira, siziletsa ndikuwongolera ntchito yokhayokha.
Kirill Paramomov, Mutu wa Malangizo aukadaulo "polymer kudzipatula" wa technikol
Kupanga kotsika kwambiri, kachitidwe katatu kolowera utatu kumatha kumangidwa ngati chinthu chonyamula nyumbayo. Poterepa, okulirapo amakhazikitsidwa mkati mwa khomalo, zomangako zakunja ndizopitilira kutalika konse kwa nyumbayo. Mavuto akunja adzalumikizidwa ndi ma vesto amkati mwa zomangira zosinthika kuchokera ku basaltuplasty. Ichi ndi gawo logwiritsira ntchito kuyika kwa polojekiti. PAMENE TIPANJA NDI Ukadaulo, moyo wa dongosolo umaposa zaka 50. Mu gawo la magawo awiri ophatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka, mapangidwe a mlatho ozizira ndi otheka. Chifukwa chake, m'mphepete mwa mbale ya konkriti yolimbikitsidwa, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mayi woyaka wa polstyrene chithovu chokhala ndi mphamvu yotsika.