Timalongosola momwe tingatetezere kuzizira kunyumba ndi zomwe muyenera kuziganizira.
Mawu oti "shatriget mlatho", "mlatho wa ozizira", "kutentha" kumatsimikizira gawo lomanga nyumbayo kukhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsetsa. Ichi chikhoza kukhala gawo la khoma, madenga, madenga, ozungulira pa malowa, etc. Kudutsa mawebusayiti oterewa akhoza kukhala kutentha kwambiri, ndipo zotayika izi chifukwa cha milatho yozizira imabweretsa kutonthoza nyumba ndi kuchepetsa moyo wa nyumbayo.
Ganizirani zochitika zoyambirira za mizere yotentha ya nyumba zosiyanasiyana, zifukwa zomwe zimawonetsera mawonekedwe a mabungwe ozizira pakumanga.
Timagawa zingwe zamtundu wa ubweya m'magulu angapo:
- Milatho yozizira pawindo ndi padenga;
- Ku konkriti, njerwa ndi miyala;
- m'matanda osenda;
- m'malo a Skew.
Zenela
Nthawi zambiri m'makomo mutha kuona kutentha, hoarfrost ndikuwumba pazenera malo otsetsereka ndi mafelemu a zenera nthawi yozizira. Chifukwa chachikulu chosonyezera ziwonetsero zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi zokwanira, kapena zosagwirizana ndi mitembo yothira misampha yoyenda. Tikulankhula za kudzaza mipata pakati pa zenera ndi nyumba zophimba.
Cheke pa Windows ndi makoma chifukwa chophwanya ukadaulo wa msonkhano
Malinga ndi mapiri a Grop a Grapti ku konkriti, nyumba za njerwa ndi miyala zimakhala ndi zigawo zitatu za manja atatu:
- Ndine wosanjikiza wakunja wopanda madzi;
- II - Kutentha kwapakati komanso kusanjikiza;
- III - Vaporizolation wosanjikiza;
- IV ndi yowonjezera yosanjikiza.
Mitundu yozizira imatha kupangidwa chifukwa chosakwanira makulidwe (makamaka chithovu cha msonkhano) kapena kusowa kwa kupitiliza kwake. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kupezeka kwa vaporinjilatolalation mkati ndi kusefukira zakunja. Wosanjikiza wa vaporizolation amateteza kusokonekera kuchokera ku chonyowa ndikuwonongeka kwa mafuta osokoneza bongo.
Pamene mawanga onyowa komanso oyang'ana pazenera m'chipindacho ndikuyendetsa pansi pa mazenera
Kachipinda kam'mwamba
Womanga waluso wopanga nyumba zambiri ndi chipinda chapamwamba. Ndipo nthawi zambiri amayenera kukakamiza kuyang'aniridwa ndi wolemba kuti akakamize padenga lokhala ndi milatho yozizira.
Zotsatira zake, iye anakana kupangira nyumba ndi chipinda chapamwamba ndikuyika mfundo yolimba: Madenga okha ndi attic wozizira!
Mu chisanu chifukwa cha milatho yozizira pa danga pamakoma pamakoma ndi chimake amachepetsa ma freezes, kupanga zikwangwani ndi nthaka
Mabatani ozizira mu madenga am'madzi nthawi zambiri amawoneka padenga kupita kumakoma. Omanga nthawi zambiri amaiwala kuyika matsenga pakati pa makoma ndi makoma; Musati mulingizeni pa padenga la padenga kapena musatibweretse kukhoma; Osamatulutsa matulutsidwe m'matawa, kusiya malo ozizira pakhoma.
Kutukula kwa denga la chipinda kumayenera kumasulidwa kunja kwa khoma lakunja kuti mupewe kuzizira
Nthawi zambiri amaiwala "kukhazikitsa bolodi yomaliza pakati pa matabwa, atanyamula chibwibwi, ndikuti munthawi yochita opaleshoni imatsika pansi, ndikupanga zopanda pake komanso mimbulu yozizira. Padenga lazolowera pakati, zotupa ndi Vuristicity zimaloledwa.
Mu chisanu chovunda chifukwa cha kuphwanya ukadaulo wa kukweza denga la chipinda cha malo omwe amayenderana ndi makomawo, kulongeza m'nyumba
Mau alamast
Ine ndimafuna kuti ndizindikire zingwe zazing'ono koma zosasangalatsa za kuzizira, zomwe zimapangidwa pakukhazikitsa Mauerlatov kuchokera ku Brusev mu konkriti ndi nyumba njerwa. Omangawo amanyalanyazidwa ndi chipangizo cha matenthedwe okhazikika pakati pa mipiringidzo ya Maurolat ndi Khoma pomwe mipiringidzo yakhazikika. Kudzera mu kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa mipiringidzo ndi khoma m'nyumba, mpweya wozizira ndi gawo la padenga ndipo khoma limayamba kunyowa komanso kuwuzira. Chifukwa chake, panthawi yomanga, kusiyana pakati pa mipiringidzo ya Mauerlat ndi khoma liyenera kukhazikitsidwa mbali zonse ziwiri, pogwiritsa ntchito chithovu chokwera, chopota polyethylene kapena otayika.
Madenga otayika ndi zofooka zomwe zatchulidwa munyengo yozizira amayamba kuwulutsa ziweta, kudzipangira kumapangidwa, kumaliza ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe owonongeka.
Kuchotsa milatho yozizira mogwirizana ndi Maurolation, tinali ofunikira kuti muchite mosalekeza kwa thonje la polyurethane pamtunda wodutsa mozungulira ndi Mauerlat
Kusintha kwa chipinda chapamwamba ndi milatho yozizira kumalumikizidwa ndi mtengo waukulu. Chifukwa chake, kuseri kwa mphamvu ya chipinda cha chipinda cha chipinda cha chapamwamba, kuwongolera mosamala mosamala, ndipo ndikofunikira kulemba ganyu kwambiri. Nthawi zina, kuchotsa milatho yozizira ku Mauerlatah, akuyenera kukwaniritsa njira zawo mosalekeza kwa chithovu chokwera pamtunda wonse ndi wolusa.
Zingwe zitsulo
Mitengo yachitsulo ndiomwe imawoneka yowopsa padenga molingana ndi ziphuphu zozizira. Nthawi zina omanga ma omanga amasiya mtengo wonsewo kapena gawo la "Pie". Ndipo mtengo wonsewo umakhala mlatho waukulu wozizira. Mitengo yachitsulo iyenera kukhala yolimba mdera la nyumbayo. Ngati malekezero a chitsulo amapita kukasamba popanda kuphimbira, kuzizira ndi zapamwamba za chipindacho mpaka 2 m kuchokera pakhoma lakunja kudzatsimikiziridwa.Zolimbitsa ma Connerter
Mu konkriti ndi njerwa, zotupa za monolithic zimakhazikika, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa kukhoma lakunja. Nthawi zambiri, ma slabs a overlaps amatengera gawo lonse la makhoma. Kugwirizana kwa matenthedwe a konkriti ndi 1.28-1.51 w / (MK), ndi njerwa) - 0.35-045 w / (mk). Ngati simumalimbikitsa kunja kwa malekezero a pansi apansi pamunsi, zimatembenukira milatho yozizira m'makona a zipinda za denga ndi pansi. Zotsatira za izi:
- Mafunde a mbale sachotsa pamiyala yakunja yamakoma, ndiye kuti, kuti atenge mbale pakhoma. Ndi khoma makulidwe a 520 mm, okutira ndi 260 mm amatsegula, kenako ndikuyika nkhuni;
- Kuti muchite zotupa za polystyrene chithovu (PPP) mu kakhoti kakanema la khoma la khoma. Ndi chida chotere, mlatho wozizira pachitofu umatsika kwambiri, ndipo ndizotheka kupewa kuzizira kozizira. Koma chitsimikizo cha mankhwalawo ndichofunikira kwambiri kukonza zowonjezera zowonjezera pamapeto pa mawonekedwe a PPS;
- Khalidwe lakunja lamafuta akutali ndi masitovu otuluka ndikumaliza.
Kukhazikika konkriti kumatuluka. Cholinga chimafunikira kuti chitetezeke
Ndi chipangizo cha Monolithic Rairway Slabs, makamaka ndi kutulutsa pansi pa makonde, vuto la zotupa zamafuta ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosamala. Pangani zojambulajambula pamalo otulutsa ma curte kunja kwa nyumbayo kapena kukonza zotupa zake mchipindacho pofikira khonde (kuchokera kumbali - kuchokera kumbali - kuchokera kumbali ya denga lakutsogolo - kutentha pulasitala).
Zoterezi ndi zenera ndi chitseko zitsime. Ndikofunikira kupanga zoyambira kuchokera ku ma PPs kutalika kwathunthu kwa zingwe pa malo okhazikitsa zitseko ndi mawindo kuti msoko woyikapo ukhale chifukwa cha kutentha kwa jumuper.
Mu garaja adayika mtengo wa chitsulo. Ziyenera kukhala m'nyumba zopewa zingwe zozizira
Nyumba Yosankhidwa
Nyumba zomangidwa bwino ndi makoma osankhidwanso ndi zikwama zozizira. Zofooka zazikuluzikulu zotchinga zikuluzikulu ndi zophatikizika zosasinthika ndi kulumikizana kwa Birch. M'nyumbamo kuchokera pamtau wolunjika ndi zotupa mu inflove polooves, vuto lopewa limakhalapo nthawi zambiri m'makona. Ambiri amapanga mankhwala amenga osakhala ndi spikes ndi marooro, akuyembekeza ndi zoyika za Flashell, zomwe zimang'ambika nthawi yokhazikitsa, osaperekanso mphamvu yothandiza ndipo imatha kusokonekera mosavuta. Pankhaniyi, vutoli limatha kuthetsedwa pokhapokha potulutsa anthu angular kunja kapena mkatikati, omwe amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe ndi ndalama zambiri.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa milatho yozizira mu nyumba zosankhidwa amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsa molakwika kwa zenera, moyenera, maluso. Mukawakhazikitsa mu tchizi tchizi, omanga nthawi zambiri amasiya kusiyana kosakwanira pakati pa malo okwera kwambiri ndi korona wa mpingo. Pambuyo kuyanika kudula, chipika chapamwamba chimakhala pa tsango ndikupachikika pakupanga kusiyana pakati pa chipika chapamwamba ndi chipika cholowera. Uwu ndi mlatho wozizira wamba. Kuti muchepetse chilemacho, ndikofunikira kusunga pansi pa chipika pamwamba pa zenera kapena khomo la chipangizo cha gap kutsatiridwa ndi kutchinga.
Wopsinjika, koma osakhala ozizira
Nthawi zina pamwamba pa makoma a konkriti (molondola, mawanga onyowa amawoneka pansi pa Pylons waonyamula, womwe pakapita nthawi amakhala wofiirira. Mphatso wamba ya omanga ogulitsa - tulukani pamwamba pa khoma la osasunthika. Zitsulo zimazizira kwambiri ndikuzizizira kwambiri ndikusowa kuzizira kunyumba. Tiyenera kumenya ma studio ndikubwezeretsa nyumbayo kunja komanso mkati.
Chipale chofewa pazenera kutseguka ndikulumikizana kwa Brusev kumapangitsa kupezeka kwa mabatani ozizira.
Mu nyumba za njerwa ndi nyumba kuchokera ku mabatani ang'onoamu pali milatho yozizira mu mawonekedwe a zowoneka bwino kuchokera ku ma postery oyimira - ogwira ntchitowa amayika meshorege gesh yonse, yomwe idatsekedwa. Kutulutsa imodzi - kufalikira kwanu.
Nthawi zambiri mabatani ambiri ozizira - zinthu zolumikizidwa ndi nkhope zomangirira nkhope ndi khoma lonyamula. Kuti malumikizidwewo alibe vuto, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zosintha za pulasitiki.
Musaiwale za kusokonezeka kwa maziko onse, kuphatikizapo khonde kuti mupewe ma bridges ozizira
Panali nkhaniyo pamene ma radiators adalowa mu niche ya zopewera, atayamba kuchepa kuchokera mkati mwa khoma lakunja kuchokera kuzama kwa miyala 250 mm - kwenikweni theka. M'nyengo yozizira, malo omwe ali kumbuyo kwa radiator adakokedwa, wokalamba komanso wophimbidwa. Kutaya kwamafuta ndi chipangizo cha niche ayenera kutchulidwa kuti kukhazikitsidwa ndi ma PPS ndi zopyapyala kuchokera konkriti.
Chinsalu chozizira
Mowawitsa chisanu, nthawi zina mnyumbamo zopingasa pakhoma. Adasowetsa mtendere. "Omanga achuma" omwe ali ndi chitoliro chimodzi chobwera kuchokera ku chubu chamkati mu chubu chopanda maziko chimakomeza khonde. Kupyola chitoliro chozizira kuyambira mumsewu unkapita kunyumba kudutsa gawo. Kotero kuti muchepetse. Ndimayenera kuwombera zitsulo zonse ndikusindikiza chitoliro ndi chingwe.Kunja, nawonso, kuwoneka
Ming'alu yozizira imawonekera osati mkati mwa nyumba, komanso panja - mawonekedwe a dziko la dera ndi IC. Nyumba yomwe idangomangidwa kumene mu nthawi yoyamba yozizira iyenera kuwonedwa mosamala kuchokera kumaso ndi padenga. Ngati mwadzidzidzi mu tsiku lachisanu mudzawona mafilimu ndi ma ickicles m'madera ena makoma kapena mapiri ozizira - zikutanthauza kuti pali milatho yozizira.
Zoyenera kuchita
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji milatho yozizira ndikuwachotsa pasadakhale, osadikira topham? Choyamba, ndikofunikira kutsatira matekinoloje amamanga. Kachiwiri, pali zida ziwiri zabwino zowunikira kutentha kwapadziko lapansi - ma piryloter ndi mafuta osokoneza. PRYoter ikhoza kuyesedwa kwanuko kutentha kwa zigawo zokayikitsa makoma, malo otsetsereka a zenera, ndi zina zowonjezera, komanso zoyeserera za matenthedwe kuti muwombere makoma kunja kwa makhoma kunja kwa makhoma kunja kwa makhoma kunja kwa makhoma kunja kwa makoma. Iwonetsa magawo ozizira a nyumba zophimba.
Pyyter ndi yosavuta kupeza milatho yonse yozizira, koma nthawi yozizira yokha
Kuwombera kwamphamvu kwa matenthedwe ndikwabwino kuti muthe kumaliza kwa nyumbayo. Koma zida izi zimapeza milatho yozizira nthawi yachisanu. Chifukwa chake, mukamakayikitsa mabatani a kuzizira, simuyenera kuthamangira kumapeto ndikudikirira nyengo yozizira.
Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa mu magazini ya magazini "(2019). Mutha kulembetsa ku mtundu wa bukuli.