Sichaza ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukubanda ekhaya nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabange ngesigaba sokwakha.
Amagama athi "Ukushisa Bridge", "ibhuloho elibandayo", "I-Heat Bridge" isho isigaba sokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezivalelwe ukuba nokuncipha okuncishisiwe. Lokhu kungaba yingxenye yodonga, ukugqagqana, ophahleni, umjikelezo wobufakazi, njll. Ngalezo zindawo ezivela endlini kungahle kube nokushisa okubandayo, futhi lokhu kulahlekelwa ngenxa yamabhuloho abandayo kuholela ekwehliseni kwenduduzo ye ukuncishiswa kanye nokwehliswa okubonakalayo empilweni yendlu.
Cabanga ngamacala ajwayelekile ayisisekelo amabhuloho okushisa ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindlu, izizathu zokubukeka kwazo nezindlela zawo ukuvikela ukubonakala kwamabhuloho abandayo ngesikhathi sokwakha.
Sihlukanisa amabhuloho eboya ajwayelekile abe ngamaqembu amaningana:
- Amabhuloho abandayo kumabhulokhi ewindows nophahla;
- kukhonkolo, izitini nezindlu zamatshe;
- ezindlini ezibunjiwe zokhuni;
- ezindlini zeSkew.
Iwindi
Imvamisa emizini ungabona ukudedela, i-hoarfrost futhi ibumba emithambekeni yewindows namafreyimu wefasitela ngesikhathi sokubanda. Isizathu esiyinhloko se-penomena ebonisiwe kungenzeka singanele, noma ukufakwa okuthe xaxa kokufakwa okushisayo kwemisipha ekhuphukayo. Sikhuluma ngokugcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwamabhulokhi ewindows nezinhlaka ezivalekile.
I-condensate ku-Windows nasezindongeni ngenxa yokwephulwa kobuchwepheshe be-seam seam
Ngokwe-Gost Mountain Seam ngokhonkolo, izitini kanye nezindlu zamatshe ziqukethe izingqimba ezintathu nane:
- Ngiyingqimba yangaphandle evumayo engenamanzi.
- II - ukushisa okuphakathi nendawo okuvimbela imisindo;
- Iii - ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-vaporizolation;
- IV yisendlalelo esengeziwe samanzi.
Amabhuloho abandayo angakhiwa ngenxa yokunganele okunganele kokufakelwa (ikakhulukazi i-foam ye-foam) noma ukuntuleka kokuqhubeka kwawo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba khona kwe-vaporizolation ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwangaphambi kwamanzi. Isendlalelo se-vaporIzolation ivikela ukufakwa okuvela ekumeni nasekulahlekelweni kwezakhiwo zokufakelwa okushisayo.
Lapho kutholakala amabala amanzi kanye nama-condensate emithambekeni yewindows egumbini lokushayela phansi ngaphansi kwamawindi amafasitela kuma-facades, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukubheka ama-seams akhuphukayo amabhlokhi ewindile bese uwaletha ku-Gost
Ikemvelo
Umakhi ojwayelekile waklama izindlu eziningi nge-attic. Futhi wayevame ukuphoqa ukubhekwa kombhali ukuphoqa abakhi bophahla ngenxa yamabhuloho abandayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, wenqaba ukuklama ekhaya nge-attic futhi wafaka umgomo oqinile: Uphahla kuphela olunophahla olubandayo nge-attic ebandayo!
E-frists ngenxa yamabhuloho abandayo ezingosini zokulungiswa kophahla ezindongeni ezindongeni nasemakholwini ama-condensate, akha izithonjana nomhlaba
Amabhuloho abandayo ephahleni lwe-attic kakhulu avele avele ophahleni ahlangene ezindongeni. Abakhi bavame ukukhohlwa ukubeka ukufakwa phakathi kwama-rafter aphezulu nezindonga; Musa ukunamathisela i-paoosoliation yophahla ezindongeni noma ungalethi ezindongeni; Ungenzi ukukhishwa kokufakwa kwi-eaves, kushiye isikhala esibandayo phezu kodonga.
Ukufakwa kophahla lwe-attic kufanele kukhishwe ngaphandle kodonga lwangaphandle ukuvikela amabhuloho abandayo
Imvamisa 'bakhohlwa' ukufaka iBhodi lokugcina phakathi kwama-rafters, babambe ukufakwa, nokuthi phakathi nokusebenza kungena phansi, kwakha ukungabi nalutho namabhuloho amakhaza. Ophahleni ahlangene, ukufakwa kanye ne-vaporizolation ye-vaporizolation kuvunyelwe.
Esithwalweni esindayo ngenxa yokwephulwa kobuchwepheshe bokubeka ophahleni lwe-attic ezigabeni zesigameko esidongeni, i-condensate insoor
Maauerlast
Ngifuna kakhulu ukuqaphela amabhuloho amancane kepha angathandeki kakhulu amakhaza, akhiwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-mauerlatov kusuka ku-brusev ezindlini zokhonkolo nezitini. Abakhi banganakwa yithuluzi lokufakwa okuqhubekayo okushisayo phakathi kwemigoqo ye-maurolat kanye nodonga lapho imigoqo ibhalwe khona. Ngokusebenzisa igebe elincane phakathi kwemigoqo nodonga endlini, umoya obandayo kanye nomngcele wophahla nodonga luqala ukumanzisa futhi luvele lube yiqhwa. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokwakha, igebe eliphakathi kwemigoqo ye-mauerlat kanye nodonga kufanele lufakwe ngokucophelela ezinhlangothini zombili, kusetshenziswa i-foam ekhuphukayo, i-polyethylene noma i-oyili egcwele noma iphasi elinamafutha noma i-oyili elinamafutha.
Uphahla olunezinkinga ezinemipheno ebekiwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza ebusika luqala ukugcwala ezinhlotsheni ezindongeni, kwakhiwa ama-condensate, ukuqedwa kanye nemiklamo ngokwayo ichithiwe.
Ukuqeda amabhuloho abandayo eMaurolat, kwakudingeka ukuthi kufezeke ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwe-polyurethane Foam ku-perimeter egqagqana kanye ne-mauerlat
Izinguquko ze-attic namabhuloho abandayo ahlotshaniswa nezindleko ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-thermal kophahla lwe-attic, kudingeka ukulawula ngokucophelela, futhi kuyadingeka ukuqasha i-attic ye-attic. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuze asuse amabhuloho abandayo eMauerlatah, kufanele afeze ukucubungula kwabo okuqhubekayo kwe-foam ekhuphukayo kuyo yonke indawo yokugcwala.
Imishayo yensimbi
Ama-Metal Beams angumbono oyingozi kakhulu wophahla ngokuya ngamabhuloho obandayo. Kwesinye isikhathi abakhi bashiya lonke ugongolo noma ingxenye yalo ephahleni "Pie". Futhi-ke lonke ugongolo luba yibhuloho elibandayo elikhulu. Imishayo yensimbi kufanele ibe semfutho ofudumele wesakhiwo. Uma imikhawulo yogongolo lwensimbi iya ku-facade ngaphandle kokufakelwa, okubandayo nokuphakanyiswa kogongolo ngaphakathi egumbini kuya ku-2 m kusukela odongeni lwangaphandle kuzoqinisekiswa.Kuqiniswe phansi kokhonkolo
Ezindlini ezikhonkolo nezitini, ukunqamula kwe-monolithic ikakhulukazi kufakwe kufakwe, okusekelwe ezindongeni zangaphandle. Kaningi, ama-slabs e-overlaps asuselwa esigabeni sonke sezindonga. I-coefficient yokuvuselelwa kwekhonkolo kakhonkolo yi-1.28-1.51 w / (mk), kanye nesitini esingelona iqiniso - 0.35-045 w / (mk). Uma ungakhuthaze ngaphandle kweziphetho eziphansi zaphansi phansi, kuvala amabhuloho abandayo emakhoneni amakamelo nasekupheleni. Imiphumela evela kulesi simo eziningana:
- Ama-furries amapuleti awasusi ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwezindonga, okungukuthi, ukuthola amapuleti engxenyeni yodonga. Ngokuqina kodonga ka-520 mm, ukugqama kungu-260 mm kuvuleka, bese ubeka umsebenzi wezitini;
- Ukwenza i-vocation of polystyrere foam (PPP) epuletini ukhonkolo engxenyeni yodonga lodonga. Ngedivayisi enjalo, ibhuloho elibandayo ngaphezulu kwesitofu lizokwehla kakhulu, futhi kungenzeka ukugwema ukugqagqana. Kepha lapho idivaysi ye-maGodation ifiseleka kakhulu ukuhlela ukufakwa okwengeziwe okushisayo eceleni kweziphetho ngesimo se-cornice ye-PPS;
- Yenza ukufakwa kwe-thermal kwangaphandle kwama-facades ngezitofu ezivikelayo nokuqedwa okuqhubekayo.
Ukuqedwa kokhonkolo okuqinisiwe kuphuma. Ukufakwa kwe-Facade kuyadingeka ukuvikela amabhuloho abandayo
Ngedivayisi yeMonolithic Railway Slabs, ikakhulukazi ngokukhishwa ngaphansi kwamakholoni, udaba lokufakwa kwe-thermal kufanele luthuthukiswe ngokucophelela. Yenza ama-maroforterations esizeni esiphumayo sePlate ngaphandle komjikelezo ofudumele wendlu noma ahlele ukufakwa kwawo okushisayo egumbini lokufinyelela kuvulandi (kusuka ohlangothini lwe-PPS - kusuka ohlangothini ophahleni - lufudumele udaka).
Isimo esifanayo ngewindi nakumnyango we-jumpers. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukufakwa kusuka kuma-pps kanye nobude be-jumpers endaweni yokufaka yeminyango namafasitela ukuze umthungo wokufaka ubalwe ngokushisa okufakwayo kwe-jumper.
Egalaji kufakwe ugongolo lwensimbi lophahla. Kufanele kube ngaphakathi ukuvikela amabhuloho abandayo
Indlu ekhethiwe
Izindlu ezakhiwe kahle ezinezindonga eziqoshiwe nazo zineqoqo lamabhuloho abandayo. Izinkinga eziphambili zokufakwa okushisayo kuyizinto ezingaguquki eziguquguqukayo zokuxhumeka kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-birch ekhoneni. Ezindlini ezivela ku-glue grouse ngokufakwa kwi-inter-wallet grooves, inkinga yokusondelana ivame ukukhona phakathi kwamakhona. Abaningi benza ama-angular altir angenama-spikes kanye nama-grooves, ngethemba lokufakwa kwe-flashill, adwengulwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa, anikezi ukufakwa okuqinile okushisayo futhi kufiphala kalula. Kulokhu, inkinga ingaxazululwa kuphela ngokufakwa okuqhubekayo kwezimpawu ezingelisa ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi, okuholela ekulimaleni kokubukeka nezindleko eziphakeme.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwamabhuloho abandayo ezindlini eziqoshiwe luhlotshaniswa ukufakwa okungafanele kwamabhulokhi ewindi, ngokunembile, i-cud. Lapho uwafaka ngoSuribe kashibhi, abakhi bavame ukushiya igebe elinganele phakathi kokubekwa phezulu kanye nomqhele wesonto. Ngemuva kokomisa ukusikwa, i-log ephezulu ihlala kuqoqo futhi ilenga ekwakhekeni kwegebe phakathi kwelogi ephezulu ye-loop nelog. Leli yibhuloho elibandayo elijwayelekile. Ukuqeda isici, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulondoloze phansi kwelogi phezulu ewindini noma emnyango wedivayisi yegebe elandelwa ukufakwa.
Amabhuloho amakhaza, kepha angalahliwe
Kwesinye isikhathi ebusweni bezindonga zekhonkolo ekhonkolo (ngokunembile, izindawo ezincane ezimanzi zivela ebusweni be-prorrier plon, lapho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baba nsundu ngokugqwala. Isipho esijwayelekile sabakhi abangahlabeki - baphuma ebusweni bodonga lokuwohloka kwe-hairpin okungadliswanga. I-Metal ihamba ibe yiqhwa elinamandla futhi misses iyabanda endlini. Kuzofanele sishaye izikopelo bese sibuyisela indlu ngaphandle nangaphakathi.
Isithwathwa seqhwa ngaphezulu kokuvulwa kwewindows nokuxhumana nge-angular of Brusev kuba khona ubukhona bamabhuloho obandayo.
Ezindlini zezitini nezindlu ezivela emabhuloji kakhonkolo kakhonkolo kunamabhuloho abandayo ngesimo semigqa evundlile evela kubuningi bezindawo zamaphuzu - lezi zisebenzi zibeka i-metal masonry mesh kulo lonke udonga lodonga, oluvinjelwe. Okuphumayo - indawo yokufakelwa ekhaya.
Icala elijwayelekile lamabhuloho amabanda amaningi - izinto zensimbi ezixhunyiwe zokuqinisa ubuso kobuso odongeni olunetha. Ukuze ukuxhumana kungakhubazeki, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-fasteners wepulasitiki.
Ungakhohlwa ngokufakwa kwesisekelo sonke, kufaka phakathi umpheme ukuvimbela amabhuloho obandayo
Kwakunecala lapho ama-radiators ehlukana abe yi-niche ama-aesthetics, avele ngaphakathi kodonga lwangaphandle oluvela emabhulokini ama-ceramic ekujuleni kwama-250 mm - empeleni uhhafu. Ebusika, i-facade ngemuva kwe-radiator yaqina, yashaywa futhi imbozwe ngokusungulwa. Ukulahleka kokufakwa kwe-thermal ngedivayisi ye-niche kumele kubhekiswe kuyo njengokufaka ama-PPs angezelela namabhulokhi amancanyana avela kukhonkolo ongezwe.
Isokisi ebandayo
Kumaqhwa abucayi, kwesinye isikhathi ezitolo ezishaywayo odongeni. Badonsa ngokusobala ukubanda. "Abakhi bezomnotho" abane-loop eyodwa balethwe kwisokhethi elingaphakathi eshubhu elihlanganisiwe libuye libe yisitokisi kuvulandi. Ngomoya obandayo wepayipi ovela emgwaqweni waya endlini ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke esifundani esifushane hhayi kude. Bekumele ngidubule bobabili izinyawo futhi ngibekwe uphawu ipayipi ngentambo.Ngaphandle, futhi, kuyabonakala
Amabhuloho abandayo abonakaliswa hhayi ngaphakathi endlini kuphela, kodwa futhi ngaphandle - ngesimo sendawo yendawo nezimpawu zendawo. Indlu esakhiwe eyakhiwe esikhathini sokuqala ebusika kufanele ibukwe ngokucophelela kusuka kuma-facade nophahla. Uma kungazelelwe ngosuku lwesithwathwa uzobona ama-flips nezithonjana zezinye izindonga noma ophahleni lwe-cornice - kusho ukuthi kunamabhuloho abandayo.
Okufanele ngikwenze
Ungawabona kanjani amabhuloho abandayo futhi uwaqede kusengaphambili, ngaphandle kokulinda ukubhala nge-orhames? Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bokwakha. Okwesibili, kunamadivaysi amabili amahle okuqapha izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwezindonga - i-pyromemeter ne-thermal. I-pyrometer ingalinganiswa izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu lendawo yezingxenye ezisolisayo zezindonga, imithambeka yewindows, njll., Kanye nesithombe esishisayo ukufeza ukudubula okuphelele kwezindonga ezingaphandle nangaphakathi. Kuzokhombisa izingxenye ezibandayo zezakhiwo ezifakiwe.
I-Pyrometer kulula ukuthola wonke amabhuloho abandayo, kepha ebusika kuphela
Ukudutshulwa okuvezwa kwe-thermache kungcono ukuchitha ngaphambi kokuphela kokugcina kwendlu. Kepha lawa madivayisi athola amabhuloho obandayo ebusika kuphela. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka izinsolo kumabhuloho amakhaza, akufanele uphuthume kuze kube sekupheleni bese ulinda ubusika.
Le ndatshana yashicilelwa kumagazini "House" No. 3 (2019). Ungabhalisela inguqulo ephrintiwe yokushicilelwa.