Mu binyejana byashize, itanura ryanditseho mu Burusiya, hanyuma mu Bwami bw'Uburusiya bwerekanye imibereho myiza. Itara rishobora kugurwa muri iki gihe. Tuvuga icyiza cyacyo nuburyo bwo bwo bwo kudakora amakosa hamwe no guhitamo.
Ifoto: Gutbrod Keramik
Amabati ahanganye itanura gusa, ahubwo anavuza umwotsi, kandi akenshi mumagorofa yose yo gutura murugo. Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Amabati ya kera ni tile zigendanwa zijimye zifiti yihariye: Uruhande rwabo rwinyuma rufite uruhande rwakoma - kanda. Agasanduku kemerera kwizerwa kwizerwa kugeza ku matafari yo mu matafari ya segments yanyuze mu mwobo kuruhande.
Amabati ashushanyijeho glazing. Ibigezweho bigezweho biratandukanye cyane kandi bigukwemerera gukora palette nini yamabara meza namajwi ya pastel. Ifoto: Gutbrod Keramik
Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Itanura rya kaburimbo: Amateka yerekanwe
ITAnura ryatanze cyane mu Burusiya rimaze muri XVII. Yoo, kugeza kuri uyu munsi benshi muribo baje mu kurimbuka cyangwa bongeye kubakwa, bityo biragoye cyane kugarura isura ya mbere; Umuntu arashobora gufata gusa ko itanura nkiryo ryafatwaga ryera.Ingero nkeya zabitswe (munzu ya Kupuvychi shumilova muri Gorokhove, mu nzu y'umucuruzi Sharapz, mu Butatu-Segieviy-Sergiye Lavra, n'ibindi) ari urukiramende, ariko nta kurambika, amashyiga no gutwika. Ni ukuvuga, bakoreraga gusa gushyushya. Itanura ryaryo ryashyizwe mu mfuruka y'icyumba cyangwa ibikoresho bidasanzwe (kugirango dushyure ibyumba bibiri byegeranye). Rimwe na rimwe, igishushanyo cyari gifite umuyoboro wa lisansi, wemeye gukandagira inyanja.
Ariko amabati ubwabo yarabitswe muburyo butandukanye. Mu kinyejana cya XVI Barimbishijwe uburyo bwo gutabara nta munara na glaze kandi bafite ibara ryibumba ryatwitse. Ibinyejana byakurikiyeho byiganjemo ubutabazi nicyatsi kibisi ("ibyagaciro" na "mars"), no kuri Petero I, twabonye amabati yoroshye hamwe nubururu).
Itanura rya karuvati uyumunsi
Uyu munsi, ITAnura rya Tile ryubatswe n'imishinga ku giti cye Amasosiyete menshi y'Abarusiya - "Guildics ya Masters", "Byongeye kandi, birashoboka gutumiza ibikoresho byo kubyuma no Icura ryicyuma, kimwe nibibanza (modular) amashyiga ava kuri Chamot. Hanyuma, ibishusho byabigenewe birahari kuri moderi imwe yumuriro warangiye.
Abahanzi ba none na ba shebuja barerekana neza amapine ya kera kandi yubaka amashyigata yitwite mu byumba by'umwami n'abihaye Imana.
Ifoto: "Masters Guild"
Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Ibyiza by'ibitambaro bya ISrahd n'amashyiga
Gutangira, vuga ku nyungu zifatika zo "gukeba" kuva muri Ceramic.
Amabati yoroshye afite ishusho yatewe na enamel - ikarita yubucuruzi yishuri rya staroneeseese. Ifoto: Gutbrod Keramik
Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Igikorwa nyamukuru cyibiti ni icamaswa, ariko iyindi mico yubukonje bwa ceramic ihabwa agaciro, byumwihariko - kuramba no koroshya ubwitonzi. Hamwe nubuso bwiza bworoshye, biroroshye cyane gukuraho umukungugu nabandi banduye, tubikesha itanura rihora risa neza kandi ntizigera rinuka nka Gari.
Guhangana nubuyobozi bwamabati gutambana mubyumweru 2-3. Umushinga kugiti cye ushyirwa mubikorwa amezi 3.
Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Byongeye kandi, kubera imiterere yacyo ya micropore, ceramiki zinyeganyega ifite umutungo icyarimwe yo gutandukanya no gukusanya ubushyuhe, ni ukuvuga, inkuta z'igikoresho ntizigabanijwe ku bushyuhe buteye akaga, kandi nyuma y'impera, itanura ni Buhoro buhoro ubukonje ijoro ryose, ryiyongereye cyane hamwe nihumure ryitanura. Muri uru rubanza, inertia yitanura iterwa nubugari (uburebure) bwikoranabuhanga rya RMSP na Ingano.
Ibisobanuro birambuye ku nkombe z'icyegeranyo hamwe na ceramic
IJAMBO: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Itangazamakuru
Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Uburyo bwo Kurema Amabati
Ibizamini byubuhanzi kugirango ishyirwe mubikorwa byimishinga imwe muri iki gihe, nko muminsi yashize, zakozwe intoki. Guhangana, hiyongereyeho amabati asanzwe (kurukuta, mubisanzwe birimo shingiro, umukandara, ibigori hamwe nibice byakazi, kandi rimwe na rimwe, semi-colonel hamwe numurwa mukuru hamwe na karwango.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho mu magukuna ntibibaho - byose biterwa n'ibipimo n'imiterere y'itanura, kimwe na gahunda y'ubuhanzi ikwirakwizwa; Ubunini bw'urukuta rwa tile ubusanzwe ni MM 7-10.
Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Inzira yo gukora kumurongo wamabati (Chimney Set) itangirana no gukora ibishushanyo nicyitegererezo, mubisanzwe plastike. Hamwe na moderi ikora aho binjiza hanyuma ubone imiterere ya gypsum. Barumye, bakuzuza ibumba, akenshi hiyongereyeho crumbramic crumbramic, amabuye meza cyangwa umucanga. Muri iyi fomu, ibibi bibikwa mu kabati humye byibuze icyumweru kugirango ibumba ridacika iyo ndasa. Ibikurikira, amayeri akorerwa uwambere ("Duck") kurasa mu itanura ryihariye ku bushyuhe budasanzwe bwasobanuwe, hanyuma burangi, bitwikiriye intera yo kurinda no gutwika isumbuye; Birashobora gukenerwa kugeza kuri bitanu - bitewe numubare wa enamel na glaze.
Buri sosiyete ifite akamenyetso k'umurimo hamwe n'imitako isanzwe, ariko ntakintu kibuza umukiriya gutanga ibishushanyo byawe cyangwa kwerekana gusa ibitekerezo bijyanye nuburyo cyangwa umugambi wibishushanyo bizaza. Hano urashobora gutanga ubwisanzure bwuzuye bwa fantasy - kurugero, gerageza guhuza tekinike ya kera cyane hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko zigezweho, kopi mane yibitekerezo cyangwa gusobanukirwa ibibanza byumugani wuburusiya muburyo bushya.
| Inyungu | Ibibi |
|---|---|
Kongera umutekano: ceramic ireba ntabwo yigeze ashyushya ubushyuhe hejuru ya 60 ° C, ntibishoboka gutwika kurukuta rwitanura. | Igiciro kinini (ugereranije n'amatafari yoroshye, ndetse birenze urugero rw'ingengo y'imari y'icyuma). |
Ubushyuhe bwo kwegeranya. Iyo ukoresheje icyuma cyicyuma, ijisho rikora nkinzitizi yinzira ya "ikomeye" ikomeye, akusanya ubushyuhe kandi igatanga buhoro. | Uburemere bukomeye, akenshi burabangamira itanura nta rufatiro cyangwa kuzenguruka. |
Byoroshye kubitaho. Kuva hejuru y'ibicuruzwa ceramic, umwanda uwo ari wo wose urakurwaho byoroshye. Zitangiye ku ngaruka za acide na poluvents. | Ugereranije no kurwanya hasi kwangirika kwa mashini nubunini bwo gusana. |
Gukora neza imbere kugirango hafatwe amahirwe muburyo butandukanye. |
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubaka
Ikiranga cyo kubaka amapine ya kera mubyukuri ko amatafari no guhura na icyarimwe. Muri icyo gihe, urwego rwa tile rufitanye isano na buri pin (inkoni) na brackets no gukosora kurukuta rwibiti bigoramye, bitateganijwe mu kayira keza. Tile ashyira Isoustovoy, ariko umwobo uhuha hamwe nu mwanya hagati ya Rumpe ya TIRPAES ya TILES ituranye yuzuye igisubizo cyibumba hamwe namatafari yamatafari (amabuye adasanzwe).
Hariho ikoranabuhanga ritandukana na tile no kuhatanura bimaze kubakwa. Urashobora, kurugero, koresha gsod cyangwa umuhanda wigitabo kubwiyi ntego, bigenwa nitanura hamwe na ibyuma bya ibyuma, kandi bimaze kuboha. Cyangwa, guca urusaku, gusa ukanda ibintu binini hamwe na kole irwanya ubushyuhe, kurugero, hkm rusange (Wolfshöer tonwerke) cyangwa scanmix yumuriro (scanmix). Uburyo bufatika buhendutse kuruta ibya kera kandi bigabanya umubare wibintu bifatika, ariko ntibikugeraho ubushyuhe bwiza.
ITANGAZO RY'INGENZI zifite ibikoresho cyane cyane na monochrome, ariko uburebure burashobora kubabwa. Ifoto: Hein.
Niba itanura cyangwa umuriro ari icyuma cyangwa itanura ryicyuma, noneho hariho inzira nyinshi zo gukoma. Kenshi na kenshi, itanura ryarashushanyije n'amatafari cyangwa ibice bya beto byoroshye, hanyuma bikandagira amabati.
Ubundi buryo bukubiyemo gukora ibyuma bya romour (kurugero, kuva ku mfuruka) - kwigenga cyangwa gusudira kurukuta rwitanura. Guhuza insinga, amasahani hamwe nudutsima dukoreshwa muguhambira amabati kugeza kuri kadamu.
Hanyuma, ijisho rirashobora kwishyigikira: Amarigi afite imbigi nyinshi yashyizwe nkamatafari, kure kurukuta rwitanura, ariko ubushishozi bushimangira, kandi ahantu hamwe na imyirondoro.
Abanganyeda badafite RMSp barashobora gufatwa nabi na kole-irwanya ubushyuhe. Ifoto: "Vesta-ceramics"
Ibipimo byo guhitamo flaplace (itanura) firebox
- Imbaraga zubushyuhe. Niba igikoresho giteganijwe gukoreshwa nkisoko nyamukuru yubushyuhe mugihe cyimpeshyi, formula njya mu gihugu, noneho formula ikwiye gukurikizwa: 1 kw yimbaraga zumugati wa 10 m2 zo mucyumba .
- Ibikoresho. Gutera ibicuruzwa byicyuma bifatwa nkaho biramba. Niba itanura ryicyuma ari, nibyifuzwa ko ubuntu bwayo bukozwe mucyuma, kandi inkuta zirindwa n'umurongo w'imitako.
- Ubwoko bw'inzu. Ku itara rya tile, nibyiza guhitamo firebox hamwe na swing gakondo, ntabwo ari umuryango wateje. Igishushanyo mbonera munsi ya kera kizafasha kwugurumana.
- Kuba hari imikorere yimyenda yo gukonjesha hamwe nikirahure cyiza. Amahitamo azongera imikorere yikikoresho no koroshya serivisi zayo.
- Kuba hari imikorere yo gutwika igihe kirekire. Nk'uburyo, firebox ifite ibikoresho byangiza ikirere byuzuye hamwe na Schibre kumurongo. Nibyiza cyane mubukungu kandi bashoboye gukora ku giti kimwe kura kugeza kuri 4 h.
Umukandara. Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Amashyiga
Ifoto: "Vesta-ceramics"
Muri iki gihe, ntabwo ashyushya ibiti bizwi cyane ntabwo ari amashyiga-flaceplace. Ibicuruzwa byoroheje bikozwe muri boiler ibyuma cyangwa kwiruka byoroshye muburyo bwo gutwara no kwishyiriraho kandi biramba: ubuzima bwa serivisi nyabwo ni imyaka 20-40.
Urashobora guhambira kuri tile Ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa fibre, ingunguru ndetse na tunnel. Ni ngombwa guhitamo inzira yo gufunga tile.
Ifoto: "Vesta-ceramics"
Amasosiyete Amasosiyete Amaso y'amahanga Abx, La Nordica, Enbra n'abandi babyara amashyiga hamwe na ceramic. Birumvikana ko ibi bidahuye neza, ahubwo byiga, ariko hanze, byanze bikunze byo kubyara ibicuruzwa gakondo, kandi hariho imitungo mike. Muri icyo gihe, amashyiga menshi ya ceramic ntabwo ari meza gusa, ahubwo afite imikorere itangaje, harimo imyuka ishimishije, irimo kwisukura imiryango, ndetse no guhanagura umuryango wisuku muguhuza umuzenguruko wamazi.
Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Ifoto: "Masters Guild"
Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Amaze kubona akazi ko gushushanya, isosiyete ikora amashusho menshi ya 3d, agerageza uburyo nuburyo. Ifoto: "Masters Guild"
Yubatswe "Ubuholandi", yarimbishijwe cafeter yera, ni byiza ko imbere muburyo bwa kera. Ifoto: "Masters Guild"
Amabati ya tanura asanzwe ashushanyijeho hamwe na geometrike n'imboga. Ifoto: "Masters Guild"
Kenshi - amashusho yinyamaswa nyazo kandi nziza. Ndetse no gukoresha cyane gushushanya. Ifoto: "Masters Guild"
Igiciro cy'imishyiga yiteguye hamwe na ceramic itangira kuva ku bihumbi 110. Ifoto: Abx.
Abanyarudodo benshi ni ubushyuhe bunoze, kubera ko bafite imikorere yimbuto ya gaze yimbuto. Ifoto: Abx.
Ordreratanura Icyuma gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ifoto: TenCHA.
Imbunda nyamukuru za steel igishushanyo mbonera nikintu kigezweho hamwe nuburyo bukize bwo guhitamo. Ifoto: Piazztta.
Cocol biragoye cyane mugukora no gushyiraho kuruta tile isanzwe. Kubwibyo, kuruta guhangana nimbogamizi (Froplace), niko bihenze cyane ibice byamabati bizagutwara, kandi akazi kazatwara igihe kinini. Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"
Kwishyigikira gufata bigomba gushimangirwa neza n'umugozi n'inkoni. Ifoto: "Vesta-ceramics"
Rimwe na rimwe hamwe no kwishyiriraho ibifatika Koresha grid ya plaster. Ifoto: "Vesta-ceramics"
Ibintu bifatika - Inguni. Ifoto: "Imitako ya Ceramic"