Sisitemu yo gutabaza yumuriro nuburyo bugezweho bwo kumenya umuriro mugihe cyicyiciro cya mbere cyo kubaho.
Laser umwotsi uteremo umurongo hamwe nuwakira kandi transmitter - murubanza rumwe- no kwerekana
Ingingo Umwotsi "Ubwenge" Urukurikirane "PROF"
Kwiyuhagira-Kwiyuhagira "Umwotsi-Ubushyuhe" - Aderesi
ubwenge
Bezadrescent
Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gutandukanya gahunda ya ECO ya ECO
Aderesi-Analog Imfashanyigisho ya seriveri ya Eco
Aderesi na Analog beté - Umwotsi;
Ibitekerezo ntarengwa
Ikizamini cya Laser kugirango igenzure burundu yubuzima bwa "Ubwenge" bwubwenge
Mu nomero ibanziriza iki kinyamakuru, twaganiriye kubyerekeye kuzimya umuriro. Ariko bigomba gushyirwa mubikorwa, kubona umuriro gusa. Achto Bizabaho niba intangiriro yumuriro idahishurwa mugihe? Nibyo, ibibazo binini kandi bidahwitse bizaba. Kubwibyo, uyu munsi tuzavuga kubyerekeye uburyo bugezweho bwo kumenya umuriro mu buryo bwikora mugihe cyambere cyo kubaho kwa sisitemu yo gutabaza umuriro.
Ninde ukwiye kumenya umuriro?
Imyaka 150 ishize, uburyo bwiza bwo kumenya umuriro bwari umuriro wa calabed - inyubako ndende mumujyi. N'ibimenyesha, byari byoroshye kandi kwiruka mu muhanda no gusakuza cyane: "Umuriro!" Abantu bose bazumva byabaye ngombwa ko bakora ku nziba, "uri kumwe na bug, uri kumwe n'indobo."Mubisanzwe, ayo mafranga yagumye kure kera. Kugirango ukosore umuriro mugihe cyambere, iyo yitwa Fire, ubu sisitemu yo gutahura igezweho hamwe na sisitemu yo gutabaza yakoreshejwe (ATP). Bagenewe kuzenguruka-isaha yo kugenzura ikintu cyakingiwe kandi nyirubwite yibasiye ibimenyetso byambere byumuriro cyangwa umwotsi. Gukora sisitemu nkiyi, ikoresha: Ibikoresho byo kumenya - Sensors yumuriro (cyane byitwa ibihano byabo), ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibimenyetso (kwakira no kugenzura no kugenzura ibikoresho (ibikoresho byo kumenyesha). Babyara ibigo nka scemes (Otirishiya), Texecom na Pyronix (Ubwongereza (Ubusuwisi (UBANZE (USA), kimwe na fanyont ya Honeywell (USA), nk kimwe no murugo "rubezh" (saratov), ivs-talkspematomatima (obninsk), NVP "Bolid" (Korolev), "Irsect" na "Petersburg), Novosian Arsenal (Novoribing)," Radii "(Casli), nibindi
Senctor yumuriro
Nibintu byingenzi byimiterere yumuriro. Mbere ya byose, imikorere yibikorwa bya sisitemu biterwa nubushishozi bwabo nubudahangarwa. Abaturage, umwotsi, ibihano byumuriro hamwe nibikoresho byo gutahura ibihuha mubisanzwe bikoreshwa. Nk'ubutegetsi, bose "abantu", ni ukuvuga, ruteye ubwoba mugihe kirenze urugero rwagenzuwe.
Kuburanisha. Umwotsi nigishoro kiranga umuriro mugihe cyambere. Gupima umwotsi mu kirere, wa sensor na "bishongore" kubyerekeye kubaho. Ibijuri byamwotsi bigabanyijemo ingingo n'umurongo.
Ingingo Kubyara ibipimo ahantu hashyizweho. Kubwimpanuka amacumbi ava muri politike akoresha ifoto ya mafotolectric. Imbere nkiki, Urugereko rwo Gupima hamwe ninkomoko yoroheje na fotodetetector birahishe. Ibice by'umwotsi binjiza Urugereko bihindura urumuri rw'indege kandi bakuraho urumuri. Izi mpinduka kandi ifata packedetetector. Ariko mubishushanyo bitandukanye muburyo butandukanye. Indika gucika intege muri rusange ya flux (niba iherereye cyane ahateganye ninkomoko yumucyo). Kuruhande rw'umutwe (Photodetector iherereye ku nguni iburyo ku nkomoko yoroheje). Icyambere mubikoresho byasobanuwe birarenze cyane, ariko bidahwitse kutavanga (kurugero, ku mukungugu) kandi ukeneye kubungabunga kenshi. Iya kabiri ntabwo yunvikana gato, ariko irwanya urusaku. Barimo cyane cyane mugihe cyo gukora ATP mumazu yigenga. Mubisanzwe bifatanye munsi yicyapa, nkuko imyuka ishyushye n'umwotsi biraguruka. Kare yagenzuwe nuwatoboye umwotsi urashobora kugera kuri 80m2. Nubwo aho hantu hashyizweho aho urwanya ni nto cyane kurenza iyi gaciro, kugirango wongere kwizerwa byo kumenya umuriro, bigomba gushyirwaho muri yo byibuze abantu babiri. Iyo ukoresheje ibisenge byahagaritswe na gasukes kuri bo, insinga yububasha igomba kurinda umwanya uri munsi yumwotsi utandukanye numwotsi.
Reka tuganire kuri ibi bibazo kurugero rwibitekerezo bya Chimney. Imitini ya sensor irashobora kuba ndende, hagati na hasi, ariko igomba kuba hagati ya 0.05 kugeza kuri 0.2 DB / M (biramenyereye neza ko yibutse ku nyungu nini cyane, isanzwe Umwotsi wumwotsi ugomba gukora niba umwotsi uri kurubuga rwayo bitera guca intege urumuri kuri m 1 kuri 1.1-4.5%). Gukuramo ibihano bifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura imitekerereze, bikozwe muburyo bwihariye bwashyizwe kurukuta rw'inyuma. Birashobora kuba umwanya wibiri (kuzunguruka uhereye hejuru kugeza kumupaka wo hasi) hamwe na bitatu (guhinduranya hejuru ya "proki" na leonardo muri sensor ). Nibyiza guhitamo detector hamwe na regisabure eshatu. Kubera iki? Byihariye kuruhande rwo hejuru rwintangalite, igikoresho kigenda kubirimo byibuze umwotsi mukirere kandi gishobora "gukora mugihe cyo kunywa itabi cyangwa mugihe inyama zikaba cyangwa mugihe cya toteri "Ibisubizo by'ibinyoma"). Ubushishozi buke ntibushobora kuba buhagije. Birasa nkaho sensor igomba gukora, kandi iranyeganyega "kunangira". " Birashoboka cyane, uzategura impuzandengo yubumva. Adator hamwe na redulator yimpande zombi ni kandi yambuwe. Sensors yubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bukeneye kwita ku gihe, mubyukuri, kubungabunga. Kuki ari ngombwa? Biragaragara ko guhumeka n'umukungugu bizarimburwa kubikoresho munsi yicyapa. Byongeye kandi, dukemura aya "charms" ntabwo turi hejuru gusa, ahubwo no mucyumba cyo gupima, gucika intege urumuri rufite, kandi bigatera icyitwa igisubizo cyibinyoma. Ku mpine (kurasa mu kirere imbere ya kamera) uduce twumukungugu wa sensor yitabye inzira imwe nuwo mumwotsi. "Trigger y'Ibinyoma" - Phenomenon kuba nyirayo ni ibintu bidashimishije: Ntakintu cyaka, na sensor gukomera cyane: "Umuriro!" Muri icyo gihe, ba nyirubwite bafite ubwoba kandi bamena umutwe: "Kandi tuvuge iki niba hari ikintu gitwikwa mu nzu, kandi ntitubibona?! Byaba ngombwa kongera gusuzuma!" Kugira ngo wirinde umukungugu winjira mu cyumba cyo gupima, abakora barinda igoye, hafi ya labyrint ku gishushanyo no kugabanya geometrie by'urubanza, bityo bigabanya amahirwe yo "gusoza ibinyoma". Umukungugu wimibonano mpuzabitsina, mubisanzwe, birakenewe gusiba buri gihe. Ariko niba utazahangayika, ntabwo byoroshye gukuraho ikintu cyose mumazu, noneho biragoye kubikuraho labyrint. Guhagarika amarangamutima no guhagarika, birashoboka guhagarika guhuza (optics muriki kibazo ukoreshe miniature cyane)Muri rusange, ni byiza kwishyuza inzobere zizagera rimwe na rimwe.
Umurongo wa stoarts. Bigizwe nibintu bibiri, yibutsa hanze ya kamera yo kugenzura amashusho, - Emitter nuwakira-guhindura. Bashyizwe ku rukuta runyuranye rw'icyumba ("IPDL" muri Polyervis, igiciro ni $ 95; "spek-spek", igiciro- $ 230 ni $ 540). Mu gihe cyambere, icyitegererezo cyagaragaye ahantu byombi bihujwe murubanza ruhuriweho - muriki gihe, bitandukanye na emitter, hari umwirondoro ("6500" muri sisitemu ya SENSION). Ibisohoka birashobora kuba infrared cyangwa laser, gukora muburyo butandukanye bwumucyo utukura. Kugaragara kwumwotsi mumwanya uri hagati ya transmitter nuwakira (cyangwa hagati ya serceiver hamwe nudutsinde) bitera intege nke zo guca intege ibicuruzwa byakiriwe. Ubunini bwiyi minkunga no gukosora uwakira-guhindura. Kandi mugihe birenze urugero, ibimenyetso bya "umuriro".
Sensor yizerwa ifite ingirakamaro cyane mubyumba binini, kuko biboneka muri zone muri zone kuva 10 kugeza 100 m (ni ukuvuga ko bigaruriye akarere kuva kuri 90 kugeza 1000-2000M2). Muri rusange, umurongo umwe usaba gusimbuza ingingo icumi, zishobora kuba ingirakamaro ntabwo ari ubukungu gusa, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kubona igishushanyo mbonera cyicyumba. Ariko hariho ibibi. Igihe cyo gusubiza giterwa nubunini ndetse nuburyo iboneza ryicyumba. "Imbarutso y'ibinyoma" irashobora gutera impinduka zikarishye mu itazi itaziguye kandi zigaragarira inkuba, kimwe n'impinduka mumwanya wa mutule.
Ubushyuhe bwashizweho. Ibintu byoroshye byo mu rwego rw'Ubushyuhe bushobora kuba: Ibyapa binini (urugero, muri "IP-101-1-" IP 101-1A "kuva kuri" Torsenal Termistors "), nibindi.
Ku ihame ryo gukora, gutangwa ubushyuhe bigabanijwemo pasiporo (contact) nibikorwa (elegitoroniki). Passive ntabwo atwara amashanyarazi n'imikorere ku buryo bukurikira: Iyo icyumba kiri mucyumba kigeze kunegura (gahunda yoroshye itanga ibimenyetso runaka (kubera guhagarika imirimo. Cyangwa kumena / kuzenguruka ihuriro ry'amashanyarazi , bityo ugaburira induru. Ibikoresho bifatika bitwara amashanyarazi, ariko tanga amakuru ntabwo ari ukugera kubushyuhe bukomeye mukarere karinzwe, ahubwo ni ikintu cyingenzi nimpinduka kurwego rwubushyuhe. Bitwa imanza zinyuranye. Imbere mu nzu zabo nta kintu na kimwe cyoroshye, ariko bibiri bihura neza n'ibidukikije byo hanze, undi yihishe imbere mu nzu. Niba ubushyuhe mugihe cy'umuriro bukuze vuba, igikoresho gikosora itandukaniro mubisomwa byibintu byoroheje kandi byohereza ubutaka bwa PCP ("Mac-Dm" bivuye kuri MPP ("Mac-Dm" bivuye muri NPP. "IP 115 -1 "kuva" magneto-contacture ", Ryazan, igiciro- 315 Rables;" 5451E "kuva muri sisitemu ya sisitemu). Niba ubushyuhe bugenda buhoro (noneho ubushyuhe bwibintu biratandukanye kimwe), igikoresho gikosora agaciro agaciro kandi nohereza impuruza.
Nkigisubizo, niba ibendera rya pasiporo itagaragara gusa kugirango ugaragaze ko umuriro ufunguye, uherekejwe cyane kurenza agaciro k'ubushyuhe. Iyo hatanzwe impuruza itandukanye, iyo nta kirimi gifunguye , kandi ubushyuhe buratangiye gukura, ariko hamwe na "umuntu udashimwe". Ibi birasobanura ko sensor ya pasiporo iherutse gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutabaza mugihe gito (kandi ibi nubwo ikiguzi gito - 15-20 Rables). Abaguzi bahitamo sensors ndetse bahenze cyane, ariko baratenguha mugice cyambere cyumuriro-utandukanye. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa aho abashitsi brolsa batanga impuruza, urugero mugikoni, muri douche, ibyumba byo kunywa itabi, nibindi. Kubibanza nka boilers, aho kwiyongera byihuse mubushyuhe, abantu benshi bagaragaye ku bushyuhe bwa jenoside 70- cyangwa batanga impuruza.
Optique ifunguye flame. Biragaragara ko urwego urwo arirwo rwose rwo gutwika arisoko yimirasire ya optique murwego rwa infrared kugeza ultraviolet. Kumenya imirasire ikoresheje ibikoresho bya terefone bifite ubukana buhebuje mu karere ka ultraviolet cyangwa mu karere kagaragara, ariko itumva mu gice kigaragara cya specrum, kandi ni inshingano yo gufungura ibihano bya Optique.
Mugihe cyo kugurisha urashobora kubona ahanini ibikoresho bya optique (urugero, urukurikirane rwa sensor "kuva muri kible", Yekaterinburg, kuri 2200 kugeza 2200 "). Urusebe muri bo rushobora kuba rwarashizwemo rwakira-guhindura no kure. Mu rubanza rwa nyuma, sensor yashizwe muri zone igenzurwa kandi ihujwe nuwakiriye yashizwe hanze yacyo, fibre optique ya optique (uburebure kugeza kuri 20).
Icyemezo cya Optique ni ugukoresha ibikoresho, hamwe nigihe gito cyo kumenya umuriro. Gutahura Inguni - 90-120, intera - kuva ku ya 13 kugeza kuri 32. Bashobora kumenya ko Floci yaka kandi ifunguye. Ibibi byabo nuko niba amasezerano atwikiriye yubaka ibintu cyangwa ibikoresho, ortictor ntabwo izakosora. Porogaramu ningirakamaro aho isura yihuse yumuriro ishoboka idafite umwotsi (igaraje, ububiko, icyumba gifite ibikoresho byamashanyarazi). Kurugero, muri garage aho bishoboka koresha lisansi nibindi bicuruzwa bya peteroli, byibuze ibikoresho bibiri nkibi bigomba gushyirwaho, kugirango imodoka iri hagati idafata urumuri.
Iburanisha ryahujwe Hano hari igikoresho gihujwe na sensor ebyiri mumazu amwe agenzurwa na microcircuit imwe. Kurugero, statector "ip212 / 101-2" urukurikirane "muri sisitemu ya sensor (igiciro ni ubumwe bwibitabo bya Optique-elegitoroniki, bitewe nabyo Nkubwoba, no mu myanda nimwotsi, ariko hamwe no kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe). Twabibutsa ko ibihano bihujwe nubu bwoko biherutse gukundwa hose, kubera ko abaguzi bakuweho gukenera imisozi ibiri ya sensor nubushyuhe mucyumba kimwe (bakeneye gukenerwa, kurugero). Birakwiye ko igikoresho nk'iki, mubisanzwe, gihenze kuruta umwotsi ukundi cyangwa ubushyuhe, ariko bihendutse kuruta byombi, uhungabanye (kuva ku makimbirane 227 "- kuva kurimbuka 217).
Ku ruhande rumwe, gahunda ihuriweho ni nziza, kubera ko igufasha kumenya umuriro w'ubwoko butandukanye, ikayungurura kandi ifunguye kandi ifunguye, ariko itabi. Muri rusange, ibikoresho bito byashyizweho, bidakenewe ko bakorerwa. Impande, nkuko mubizi, kwizerwa kw'ibikoresho byose bihurira buri gihe kuruta monofenctionl. Niba rero ufite sensor ihuriweho, hanyuma wizewe cyane kandi uhereye kuri sosiyete izwi.
Intoki - Aba ni "buto yo gutabaza" bituma bagaburira ibimenyetso byumuriro "intoki" (urugero, niba bigaragaye mbere "gukurura" sensors ya sisitemu yo gutabaza). Bashyizwe ku nzira zo kwimuka (muri koridoro, inkingi, ku kigo cy'intambwe, n'ibindi ku butumburuke bwa m 1,5 kuva ku nzira, kandi nibiba ngombwa, mubyumba bitandukanye. Uruhu rwashizwemo imfashanyigisho zigomba kuba ku ngazi zose za buri ndogomo (NPB 88-2001 *). Ahantu ho kwishyiriraho bigomba kugira itara ryubahirizwa.
Abigenga. Birashoboka gukora amaganya yumuriro wibanze ushyiraho itemeno yigenga yigenga, kurugero, umwe kuri buri cyumba (niba gito). Yigenga Ibi bikoresho byitwa kuko muri buri kimwe muri byo harimo amashanyarazi yigenga (bateri yigenga (COWENOM "," Cornumbum ", igomba guhinduka (hafi rimwe mu mwaka). Ariko sisitemu yigenga rwose yo kuboneka kwa voltage yo gutanga kuri neti (ntabwo ikeneye gusa). Usibye bateri, ikintu cyoroshye (ssemer yumwotsi) yihishe imbere mumazu hamwe na siren), ijwi ryumubumbe wa 85-120 db. Ubusho nyuma ya sensor iratembaga "induru" kugeza igihe uzaba ubangamiye cyangwa bateri ntazicara. Nubwo umuntu wigenga wigenga ahenze kuruta usanzwe ("gakondo"), aho nta soko yubuhinzi ishingiye ku kwigenga ifite ikiguzi gito, kubera ko idafite insinga, kwakira no kugenzura ibikoresho nibiba ngombwa kuri bo. Imirimo ya sisitemu yinyuma. Ubwoko bwonyine bwo kwitondera abantu bigenga bisaba ko havamo umukungugu. Ibibi nuko buri sensor akora ubwayo kandi, kuba ku mpera yinzu, ntushobora kumva induru.
Kugeza vuba aha, abashinzwe ubwigenge bwabanyamahanga baboneka gusa: Dicon, BRK - $ 20-25, hamwe nicyitegererezo kinini cyabashinwa, hafi $ 15. Byongeye kandi, integuro yabo yamenye inganda zo mu rugo: "IP212-50m" kuva "Rowzha" (Saratov), igiciro ni amafaranga 420; "Dip-47" Kuva kuri "Obninsk" (Obninsk), igiciro ni amafaranga 435, n'abandi. Kandi nk'uko abahanga batigeze biri munsi ndetse birabarenga. Kurugero, igikoresho "IP212-43" ("Dip-43") Kuva "Halluspetsatomatomatics" ntabwo ari kimwe cyikimenyetso cyurumuri - "Icyifuzo", Birashoboka gusuzuma neza uko ibintu bimeze, utarabona ibyabaye. Byongeye kandi, itanga ikimenyetso cyerekana ko bateri yasohotse. Ugurishwa kandi urashobora kubona imanza zisanzwe zo gukora. Kurugero, ibigo "krilak" (yekaterinburg) hamwe numutekano wa Kidde (USA) bikabyara umuriro wa offline de-9 statector, igiciro- $ 18.
Icyitegererezo "cyateye imbere" cyibikoresho byigenga, guhuza na terefone (umuringa) urashobora kuboneka kugirango ubone uburyo bwo kwerekana ibimenyetso (ariko nta panere yo kugenzura). Imikorere ya sensor imwe muriyo itera ibindi. Urugero, nk'urugero, imanza nka "EI 100c" (Ei Ltd, Irlande, $ 17), "Dip-43m".) Kandi abandi. Ikimenyetso cya sisitemu muriryo bijejwe kumva aho nta cyumba kizabaho. Iyi ni wongeyeho. MONUS ni ugukemura ibihuha, aho byari umuriro wabaye, biragoye. N'ubundi kandi, "buzz" ako kanya!
Sisitemu ya Alarm
Mubisanzwe, sisitemu yo gutabaza yumuriro igizwe na sengis yatewe hejuru yubwoko, kimwe ninama yo kwakira no kugenzura (igikoresho) - PCP yakira ibimenyetso byabo. Sisitemu nkiyi zinzobere ziramenyerewe guhamagara gakondo. Mu gihe runaka, ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwa sisitemu nkiyi itandukanijwe: Ntabwo-uburezi, aderesi, aderesi-ikina.Sisitemu zitari Uburezi Bigizwe n'urwego (Flue, Umuriro, umuriro) hamwe n'ibihome by'imfashanyo bifitanye isano na PCP hamwe n'insinga (zitwa kandi umurongo cyangwa kuzenguruka). Sensor ntabwo ifite aderesi imeri yabo, yamenyeshejwe kuri kure. Nkigisubizo, mugihe umwe muribo yatewe, ntabwo abona umubare wacyo, cyangwa icyumba kiri. Gusa numero ya loop (imirongo) yanditswe, kuri sensor yashizwemo. Ibisubizo bya Nyiricyubahiro kumva uko ibintu bimeze, bigomba gufata vuba ibibanza byose birinzwe nuyu murongo. Kugira ngo byoroherezwe kugena aho gutwika, gerageza kuryama kumurongo umwe muri buri cyumba. Ariko iyi nzira (kwiyongera kumirongo) ntabwo buri gihe bikwiranye, kubera ko bigoye cyane gahunda yo kwikinisha kandi yongerera ikiguzi cyakazi ko kwishyiriraho. Niyo mpamvu gukoresha sisitemu itari uburezi bifatwa nkibikwiye gusa kubintu bito (munsi yibyumba bitarenze 20).
Muri Byoroshye Sisitemu ya aderesi Mu rwego rw'uburinzi, yiswe Module yashyizwe ahagaragara, yahinduwe muburyo bwa "umuriro" wa kode yacyo kuri PCP. Dukurikije iyi code, ikimenyetso cyihariye cyikimenyetso gisobanurwa, cyongera igisubizo kuri yo. Ibi birashobora kuvugwa, uburyo buhendutse bwo guhindura sisitemu idakemuwe muri aderesi (urugero, "ar1" module yo muri NVP ", igiciro ni $ 10). Iyindi nyungu ya sisitemu nkiyi ntabwo igomba gukorwa kumurongo umwe muri buri cyumba, ahubwo ni ugukora imirongo yagutse, gukiza insinga nakazi kabashinze. Ariko, detector yerekanwe ntishobora kugenzura imiterere yacyo no kohereza ikimenyetso "amakosa" kuri PCP, kandi mugihe module itanga, PCP ireka kwakira ibimenyetso kuri sensor. Sills sisitemu ya aderesi Koresha ubundi bwoko bwa PCP, kandi ihuza rya interineti rihinduka inzira ebyiri. PCC ntabwo yemeye gusa ibimenyetso kubiteganijwe, ariko kandi ihita igerageza kugirango itumanaho rihari na bo no kugarurwa (bikorwa buri masegonda make). Igisubizo kigenda cyiyongera cyane kwizerwa kwa ATP, kandi urashobora guhora wizeye neza ko sensor ikora kandi ikora ku gihe. Nibyo, kandi ukoreshe sisitemu ya aderesi ya aderesi kuri ba nyirubwite nabashiraho. Kurugero, gukuraho by'agateganyo umwe muri sensor (gusana, gukumira) ntabwo bitera gutsindwa kwa lop-pcp-pcp gusa hamwe nubushakashatsi butaha bwabuze. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yibibazo igufasha gukora umurongo gusa, ahubwo yanatangajwe n'amashami ya Sensors yo koroshya, bivuze ko byoroshya, bivuze ko imirimo yo kubungabunga igomba kugabanuka. Gukora muri sisitemu nkiyi, ibendera rishobora gutangwa gusa hamwe nurwego rwibintu bitatu byumukungugu, ariko nanone, urukurikirane rwa Leonardo muri Sensor, ikibarura guhamagara "mubwenge" ).
Hindura N 4 of 20.11. 2000 k snup 2.08.01-89 * "Inyubako zo guturamo"
3.21. Ibibanza by'izungo n'inzu (usibye ubwiherero, ubwiherero, ububiko, Sainas) bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho bya optinoronike ya elegitoronike. kugenda 14254-96). Itemekwa ryashyizwe ku gisenge. Iremewe gushiraho kurukuta no kugabana ibyumba bitari munsi ya 0.3 kuva ku gisenge no kure yinkombe yo hejuru yibintu byo hejuru bya detector kuva kumitwe 0.1.
Snip 31-02-2001 "Amazu yo guturamo"
6.13. Amazu ni amagorofa atatu kandi akwiye kuba afite ibikoresho byigenga bya optique ya elegitoronike ya elegitoronike ya elegitoronike. Kuri buri jambo ryinzu rigomba gushyirwaho byibuze umwete wumuriro. Ibitekerezo by'umwotsi ntibigomba gushyirwaho mu gikoni, ndetse no mu bwiherero, kwiyuhagira, ubwiherero, n'ibindi.
"Ingingo rusange zerekeye ibisabwa bya tekiniki ku gishushanyo cy'inyubako zo guturamo zifite uburebure bwa m 75"
(Byateguwe na Gup Niac Moscom- ubwubatsi, bwemejwe na guverinoma ya Moscou). Ntabwo tuzisubiramo iyi nyandiko, ariko reka tuvuge ko mu nyubako ziva mu nyubako 75 kugeza 100 kuri sisitemu yo gutabaza umuriro bigomba gushyirwaho, kandi mu nyubako zifite uburebure bwa 100 kugeza 150-anAlog, Ie sisitemu ituma imicungire ishoboka yo kwimura abakodesha, urugero, hifashishijwe ibimenyetso byumucyo nibisobanuro byashyizwe kumurongo wintambwe. Kwizirika kumuriro byikora bigomba gutegurwa hejuru yinzu. Mu bashingira mu bya ngombwa ko hariho uburyo bwibanze bwo kuzimya umuriro no muri Cranes mubwiherero, ubwiherero, koridoro. Usibye sisitemu yo kumenyesha umuriro, hari ugukurikirana amashusho mu mazu (ku kigo cy'ikirere, kugenzura imigezi yo kwimuka).
Sisitemu na sisitemu ya Analog. Ubwumvikane ntabwo buri gihe butoranya PCP gusa, ahubwo no gusubiza agaciro ka parameter igenzurwa nayo: ubushyuhe, kwibanda ku mwotsi, ni kose berekeza. gukusanya amakuru ya teremetry. Ukurikije imiterere yimpinduka mubipimo byagenzuwe byatangajwe nubumwe butandukanye bwashyizweho mucyumba kimwe, ni pCP, ntabwo ari statector (nkuko biri mubimenyetso byagenewe na bitari) byerekana ibimenyetso byumuriro, biyongera kwizerwa byo kumenya umuriro. Hariho aderesi na sisitemu ya analog hamwe nibyiza byinshi ugereranije nibibazo: umubare wibibazo birashobora kugabanuka kugeza ku mpeta imwe (rimwe na rimwe zitwa intoki zigera kuri 99 zigera kuri 99 zifasha, adresse Kutiza no kugenzura module ihujwe no guhumeka, gukuraho umwotsi, nibindi. Kunanirwa kwa sensor cyangwa ikiruhuko cyinsinga ntizahagarika serivisi kuruhande nkuruhande rumwe rwurutare, kandi ukurikije urundi, kumenyesha abayikoresha, umubare wa Consor watsinzwe cyangwa hagati yabashitsi yasenyutse. "Imitwe" ya Sonsor Triggenging irashobora gushyirwaho kuri buri cyumba ndetse ikanahinduka bitewe nigihe cyumunsi, umunsi wicyumweru, nibindi, kugirango ukureho ibyiza byumwotsi, kwiyumvisha ibintu bimwe na bimwe Ibitekerezo birashobora guhita bimanurwa, kandi nijoro isaha yongeye gushyirwaho ku ntangiriro (algorithm nkiyi ishyirwa mubikorwa, urugero, muri sisitemu yinguzanyo hamwe na "200" ibyuma bya Austsor byo muri sisitemu ya sisitemu).
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura-kugenzura (panels) - PCP
Ni PCP igenzura imirongo itemerwa (kuzenguruka) hamwe na sensor yashizwemo, menya neza ibimenyetso byamenyekanye numuriro hanyuma utegeke imirongo yijwi ninzoka zoroheje (niba hari abari muri sisitemu). PCP igaburira ac voltage ya AC ya 220 v, ariko ikoresha voltage yimbere 12 cyangwa 24 V. Mugihe habaye ibura rya voltage y'urusobe, itangwa na bateri zisubira inyuma (1 cyangwa 2 bateri 12 v).
Kugirango usobanure uburyo sisitemu ikora, reka turebe uko bigenda iyo bitemba, kurugero, itemanukira umwotsi. Twizere ko imara ibirenze 100 μba. Ariko, gufata umwotsi, uhindukirira imiterere, bikubiyemo ibisimba, bityo byongera ibiyobyabwenge biriho kuri 30 ma (akagaciro gashingiye ku gishushanyo cya konsole). PCP, kumenya kwiyongera kubiri muri iki gihe, bikubiyemo ibipimo by'umuriro kandi ugakora induru. Gutererana n'umuriro bikomeje gukosorwa muri Leta "iteye ubwoba", kabone niyo ntaho bitigeze wumva umwotsi, wemeza ko ugereranywa n'akarere k'umwotsi mugihe haguye intandaro. Alarm "Ikimenyetso gishobora kuba" Gusubiramo "gusa hamwe na PCP ikuraho imbaraga kumurongo umenyana ukanda buto idasanzwe. Gusukura Sisitemu y'urukingo ihuye na buto yacyo "gusubiramo".
Kuri buri sisitemu (birabujijwe, aderesi, adresse-ikinaloge) ikoresha pcps zabo, irangwa nimikorere yakozwe. Niba muri sisitemu zitarimo uburezi, ibikoresho byerekana gusa umurongo imbarutso (nko muri "ikimenyetso-na - 20p" muri 2350-2720; "Grano-" kuva " Abanyasiberiya Arsenal ", igiciro - amafaranga 2800;" ppk-2 "kuva" ivs TalksSetsavIkora ubuzima na seriveri ("Raduga-2a" kuva "Spectr" , igiciro kiri kuva ku 6340.), kandi muri sisitemu ya Aderesi na Analog ndetse no kumenya aho umurongo ("Radugow-1" Kuva kuri Rubles ", Igiciro kiri mu makuru 15900, hamwe n'ibikoresho bya Escer (Esserronic 8000c) na Apollo).
PCP kuri buri sisitemu yashyizwe ku rutonde irashobora kugabana igabanywamo ibikoresho bito, biciriritse kandi binini "kandi binini". Biterwa numubare wa firime ihujwe, sensor na imikorere byakozwe. Kuri buri kintu cyihariye (urugo, inzu), ibikoresho bikwiye byatoranijwe. Niki ugomba gutanga inama hano? Ahari burigihe burigihe nibyiza guhitamo igikoresho kiva kumurongo munini (umunyamahanga cyangwa murugo, bimaze igihe kinini ku isoko. Niki gikoresho cyo guhitamo kuva kumurongo wuruganda runaka, ugomba gusobanura imbaraga zishingiye ku gutabaza. Ariko hano twemerera inama zimwe.
Ubwa mbere, nibyiza guhitamo uburyo ubusanzwe bivuga, "intotive" pcp. Ni ukuvuga, kugirango ibintu byose bigaragare kumwanya we wasobanukiwe no mu gice cya kabiri cy'umutima. Kandi kugirango bashobore vuba kandi byoroshye kubyara ibikorwa byose bikenewe hamwe nigikoresho, kuko ntamwanya wo gusoma amabwiriza yo kuyobora mugihe cyumuriro.
Icya kabiri, burigihe nibyiza guhitamo PCP, kugirango mvuge, hamwe na margin nkeya. Kurugero, hamwe nibishoboka byo guhuza indi loop udahinduye imirongo.
Icya gatatu, "Smart" mugihe cyumuriro kigomba guhita nuzuza ibikorwa byinshi bikenewe, aho nyir'ubushyuhe bwo kurwana umuriro bushobora kwibagirwa. Kurugero, guhagarika ibicuruzwa no guhubuka kugirango birinde ikwirakwizwa ryumuriro kuri iyi sisitemu, de-kuyobora electrobrivers yibanze, nibindi.
Ba nyirubwite
Iki gitekerezo cyihishe ibikoresho byose nyobozi bizatangira gukora kuri ikipe ya PCP nyuma yo gutahura umuriro. Mu rubanza rw'ubwenge, ayo ni meza, yoroheje cyangwa yoroheje yuzuyemo umucyo (kuvuga gusa, "sirena", "slubules" na "Forkka"). Ndetse n'abantu bakomeye cyane bashyizwe imbere mu mazu bazakuburira kubyerekeye ibibazo byegereje. Ibikoresho bikomeye biherereye ku rukuta, igisenge cyangwa mu gihingwa cy'igihugu kizazana ikimenyetso kijyanye n'umuriro imbere y'amakuru yose. Ariko birakenewe gusa ko umuntu uzabona (azabona, umva) ikimenyetso kijyanye n'umuriro watangiwe na sisitemu, kandi azamwitabira vuba, bizasohoka kugirango amenye ibyabaye, kandi mugihe ari ukuri Umuriro uzimya cyangwa utera itsinda ryumuriro. Kandi, bivuze ko ihitamo ryaba maso ku nzu yawe gusa mu kazu hamwe n'umutekano ushyizwe hamwe. Nibyo, hanyuma hamwe na tenioner nini, nabyo, ntabwo byoroshye kumva, muburyo bwimiterere siren. Ntabwo ari inyubako y'inzu, cyangwa mu mudugudu w'igihugu cyangwa ubufatanye mu gihugu, aho nta mutekano ushyizwe hamwe, ubu buryo bwo kuba maso ntabwo buhuye burundu.Mu nyubako zamazu na tereviziyo bihujwe n'imidugudu ya Cottage, urashobora gukuramo ikimenyetso kuva murugo PCP kumuhuzabikorwa, kandi ureke gufata ingamba zikwiye. Birakenewe gusa kuyiha ibikoresho hamwe na konsole ihuye.Nigute Gutegura Kohereza Ubutumwa bujyanye numuriro uva muri sisitemu yo gutabaza umuriro washyizwe munzu, niba nta sano ya terefone? Kandi muriki gihe hari ibikoresho byinshi. Ku midugudu ihari kurinda, sisitemu idasanzwe yo gutumanaho ku muyoboro wa radiyo. Amazu yose muri uru rubanza afite igikoresho gishobora kohereza ubutumwa bwijwi mbere yijwi, hamwe nintoki zo kurinda ibikoresho byakira kumubare ukwiye wamazu. (Ikibazo cyo kohereza ubutumwa kubyerekeye ibyabaye birakemurwa muri ubwo buryo niba inzu yigihugu irinzwe. Itandukaniro riri mububasha bwo kohereza.)
Niba nta mutekano bwite mu nyubako cyangwa umudugudu, ariko baherereye mu itumanaho rya GSM, urashobora gukoresha ibikoresho byohereza ubutumwa bugufi kubyabaye. Ibi bikoresho byitwa guhama. Bashoboye byombi guhuza umutekano nimpumuro yumuriro, kandi ikoreshwa nkigikoresho cyigenga no kugenzura (cyiyemeje nigishushanyo). Iyo impuruza iratembaga, igikoresho cyohereza ibimenyetso bya SMS kuri buri kintu (hashobora kuba bitatu cyangwa byinshi muri byo) byagenwe na nyiri nimero ya terefone ngendanwa (wowe, inshuti, inshuti, nibindi).
Ahari ubusanzwe ubu bwoko ni gsm-uo-4c ("bolid", igiciro ni $ 130). Igiciro cyo gushiraho sisitemu yo kuvugurura ukurikije igura amadorari 400. Ibibi bifatika bya sisitemu ni uko bishobora gusa gukora mucyumba gishyushye (ubushyuhe bwo gukora, kuva +1 kugeza kuri + 45c). Bisa ku ihame ryo gukora, ariko ibindi bikoresho bigezweho bitanga ibigo nka Pyronix Urutonde (Ibikoresho bya Matrix, Igiciro - "Kuva $ 120," Kuva $ 450), nibindi
Sisitemu yo gutabaza umuriro (ATP)
Abahenze cyane muri sisitemu yo gutabaza umuriro ushingiye kubikoresho byumusaruro wo murugo (uruziga rwabakora tumaze kwerekana). Rero, ingingo yumwotsi ubwuzuzanye buva kuri 160 kugeza 400, umurongo wuburatsi - kuva ku ya 2918 kugeza kuri 7180, kuva kuri metero 110 kugeza kuri 350 kugeza kuri 13600. Ibindi Scomers yo murugo muri rusange yahanganye nakazi kabo muri rusange, ariko, nkitegeko, turi munsi ya analogies yatumijwe mu mahanga mu kwizerwa no kwizerwa.
Sisitemu yo gutabaza yumuriro kurwego rwibiciro ubusanzwe iremwa hashingiwe kuri sensor hamwe ninzego zitumanaho zizwi cyane mumahanga, nka Ademco, SENESCO, CYRONPO, Cyronix, Pyronix. Rero, ingingo yumwotsi wanduye muri iki cyiciro izatwara amadorari 15-30, Umurongo wumwotsi - muri $ 100-500, Bitandukanye - muri $ 10-20, nibindi
ATP ihenze irimo sisitemu ya aderesi. Kenshi na kenshi, bubaka kumwanya wihariye wo kugenzura hamwe na Esmi, Honeywell, Umuseriton, ETC. Umurongo wa VaID uryamanye $ 1000, utandukanye - kuva $ 30 kugeza kuri 60, optique ifunguye - kuva $ 200 kugeza $ 500.
Nubwo umuntu wingirakamaro ahakaze arihendutse, kwishyiriraho iTP itemewe kuri bo irashobora gukora ihenze cyane. Porogaramu ya aderesi byibuze 50% ihenze kuruta chaasadres, ariko kwishyiriraho kuri konte birashobora kuguhendutse. Rero, ukurikije ibigo byinshi byabajijwe natwe, kugirango inyubako ifite ubuso burenga 500m2, sisitemu ya Aderesi yamaze guhendukira kuri imeri. N'ikigari mu gace, niko gutsinda amafaranga. Nibyo, ntabwo inzobere zose zagize uruhare mubushakashatsi bwacu bwemeranije naya magambo. Bamwe bagaragaye neza ko atari byinshi muri kariya gace nko mumwanya wibibanza byarinzwe hamwe na gahunda zabo zerekana iboneza n'amashami ya sisitemu yaremwe. (Kandi ahita atanga ibishushanyo byinshi bidakunda inzu nini yo mubyumba 20 ukoresheje PCS-byoroshye-kuri-igenzura., Bikwiye kubipimo bya tekiniki nibiciro. Kandi kugirango ubone ubundi buryo bwinshi hanyuma uhitemo ibyiza, birakwiye kuvugana ntabwo ari kimwe, ariko icyarimwe kuri byinshi.
Ariko hamwe nukuri ko mugushakisha sisitemu ya aderesi ihendutse, ibintu byose byumvikanye. Guhendutse ni ukubera ko bo ubwabo babona imikorere mibi - ikomeza kuyikuraho.
Igiciro cyo hejuru gifite ibikoresho bya aderesi na sisitemu ya Analog. Niba, kurugero, aderesi yarushijeho kumenya sisitemu ya sosiyete izuza impuzandengo ya $ 15, hanyuma ubwumvikane bwa aderesi ya APLO bumaze kuva Apollo asanzwe $ 50, naho kuri Ess Masser- $ 90. Igiciro kinini cyibiterete, bityo, na sisitemu birakusanira biracyareka ibyo basabye mumazu yo mumijyi ninzu yigenga.
Mugushiraho sisitemu yo gutabaza umuriro, ugomba kwitegura kuba ikiguzi kitazagarukira kuri ibi. Bizaba ngombwa buri gihe (byibuze rimwe mu mezi atandatu, kandi biruta kimwe cya kane) kwishyura ikibazo cyinzobere mu mirimo yo gukumira (urutonde rwibikorwa bikenewe hamwe na pasiporo ya pcp). Kuri ATP nto, ikiguzi cyimirimo nkiyi ni amafaranga nkaya 1000, kuri complex, mubisanzwe, bihenze cyane, ariko, kubwamahirwe, ntabwo ari kubyerekeranye nigiciro cya sisitemu. Kugirango bafashe, nibyiza kutabaho - urashobora gutakaza ingwate (mubisanzwe bitangwa umwaka, nyuma yaho amasezerano ya serivisi ya nyuma yumwanya wanyuma).
Kandi ikintu cya nyuma ngomba kuvuga kumpera yiki gice cyo gusuzuma. Uburinzi bwa elegitoronike bwumutungo wumuriro kugiti cye ni igice cyingenzi cyumutekano na sisitemu yumuriro kandi bigenzurwa nibikoresho bimwe byo kwakira no kugenzura. Gukorera muri ubwo buryo bw'umutekano ibikoresho bimaze kwitwa PPop, ni ukuvuga, kwakira-guhagarika-umuriro. Ariko uyumunsi ntituganirwaho uyumunsi, ikibabaje, gusuzuma isubiramo ntibihagije.
Ubuyobozi bw'amabwiriza burashimira imiryango itegamiye kuri Letaga.
Imbere, uburyo bwo gucuranganya, gusana amazu