Turamenyesheje ibintu birimo gushyirwaho amayira, byaba bikenewe kandi bikenewe kugirango bigaragare, kandi bigereranywa nibiranga impande zombi bishyire hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo kubaka.
Urukuta rw'amatafari rwabaye ikimenyetso cyo kuramba, ariko basusurutse cyane, ariko barahenze cyane. Kubwibyo, uyu munsi inzu yamabuye yubatswe, ihuza ibice bito kandi akenshi byongera urukuta, ikoranabuhanga ryitwa Masonry.
Ibintu bya Masonry
Mu nzira yo hagati, ibikoresho bizwi cyane kumirongo yimbere ya Masonris ni gaze ya gaze yibikona d500 na d600, kimwe na ceramic. Kumurongo wo hanze ukoreshe amatafari atukura, umuhondo na clunker. Birumvikana ko ikindi, guhuza bidasanzwe, nka polystyrene na vibropine za vibroser basraletse birashoboka. Ubushishozi bwimbere bwimbere bwifuzwa kuyobora inlee idasanzwe (ishyushye "idasanzwe (Hano hari uruvange rwihariye rwa gaze na ceramic), hamwe namatafari yo mumaso), na sima yo mumaso Kuva imbere, ubusanzwe inkuta zisanzwe zarapimwe cyangwa zitunganijwe neza (niba guhagarika bishoboka mubikorwa byo gushyushya, inzira yambere irakunzwe).
Kuzara Masonry ikozwe mu matafari na cerarmoblocks: 1 - Guhangana n'amatafari ya Proting; 2 - Icyuho cy'ikoranabuhanga (Guhuza) cyuzuyemo igisubizo; 3 - gushimangira gride ya basallestic; 4 - ceramic.
Amashami ya Peyered yakozwe mu matafari na cerarmoblocks hamwe no gushukaho plab: 1 - Guhangana n'amatafari ya Proting; 2 - ceramic ishingiye ku bahagaze; 3 - Amasahani yubwoya bwamabuye y'agaciro afite ubunini bwa mm 100; 4 - Flexible BasAlleplastique ihuza hamwe na latch yo kwigana.
Amashami ya Pusored yakozwe mu matafari na From Block hamwe n'amaganya ya Slab: 1 - Igice gifatika; 2 - amasahani yubwoya bufite imyuka bufite ubunini bwa mm 100; 3 - Amatafari; 4 - Flexible BasAlleplastique ihuza hamwe na latch yo kwigana.
Amatakubiri ashizeho amatafari akozwe mu matafari na block: 1 - Kurenganya imirongo y'ubushyuhe; 2 - Amatafari yuzuye; 3 - guhuza polymer yoroheje; 4 - Inzoka za Polystyrene.
Gumanika kurambirwa bifatika hamwe ninyigisho zitemba: 1 - Vibroser blok (Ibuye rya Flowede); 2 - Ihuriro ryimiyoboro yisi; 3 - Syiralicley; 4 - Guhagarika ifuro;
Amashami ya Peyered yakozwe mu matafari no guhagarika amatafari ya Slab: 1 - Gutera amatafari ahindagurika; 2 - guhuza polymer yoroheje; 3 - Isahani ya EPPS; 4 - guhagarika beto.
Nk'uburyo, birasabwa ko ingwate hagati y'ibice bihinduka, bitabaye ibyo gutandukanya imyanda no kwagura ibikoresho bishobora gutera.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibiri ntabwo gihora gishoboka gukora amahame agezweho yo kurwanya ubushyuhe bugezweho. Kurugero, urukuta rwa porotherm rutubahirijwe hamwe namatafari ahanganye nubwinshi bwa cm 50 (38 + 12 cm) irwanya ubushyuhe bugera kuri 2.9 ° C / W, W, niki, mubihe bya moscou Uturere twa Leningrad, ntabwo twujuje ibisabwa mu mushinga uhuriweho 50.13330.2012 "Kurinda umutwe Inyubako" (3.2 M2 • w).
Ibibanza by'i Ceramic ku ifuro byatanzwe mu Burayi, aho bigo bigira ibipimo nyabyo, kuva nyuma yo kurasa bahura no gusya.
Dufite Masonry kuri kole ishyushye, yemerera gutandukana kwubunini bwa saads kugirango uhuze umurongo.
Kubwibyo, kubaka ibice bitatu birimo uruhare aho ibisumiza biri hagati yinkuta zombi zubura - amasahani cyangwa amabuye) ubwoya bwa palystyrene, felsocyazate, nibindi). Kurwanya Ubushyuhe Kurwanya Urukuta rwa FOAM (30 + 12 cm) hamwe nigice cya cm kingana na cm 5 ni 3.4-3.8 m2 • c / W.
Kugirango wirinde gushinga uburebure, amatafari yo mumaso nibyiza mubisubizo byihariye hamwe ninyongeraga.
IGO Rogozhin, injeniyeri mukuru wa KSK-Block
Kunoza imitungo yo kwigarurira ubushyuhe bwinkuta, ntabwo ari ngombwa kwinjira mumwanya winyongera mubishushanyo - birashoboka kongera ubunini bwimiterere yisumbuye cyangwa urwego rwinshi kurirwo, kurugero, d400 Ibirango bihujwe na gaze cyangwa ibirango bya ceramic bisekeje thermo. Ariko, ku rubanza rwa mbere, igiciro cy'abisanduku k'urugo gusa kiziyongera, ariko kandi urufatiro rudashobora kunyurwa. No mu bushobozi bwa kabiri butwara urukuta ntibuzahagije kubona umutwaro uva mu buryo bwuzuye hejuru kandi bikenewe kandi ko hazabaho igiciro cya beto. Nubwo ari gito kuruta igiciro cy'ubwoya bw'amabuye y'agaciro ). Byongeye kandi, bizagorana kwerekana inyubako iyo ari yo yose ihuriweho n'inzego nini, nk'imiryango ya Garage.
Guhitamo Insulation
Ubwoya buhebuje buhenze cyane, munsi yibimera bibyimba byubushobozi bwubushyuhe kandi butinya ubushuhe (birakenewe gusubira mubiganiro tuzagaruka), ariko mubyukuri ntibigira ingaruka ku myuka ijyanye nurukuta. Kandi polyfoam ntabwo yabuze steam kandi mubyukuri irashobora gufunga ubuhehere imbere yimiterere ikubiyemo (nubwo yitoza igiyegurwa nurukuta bibaho gusa hamwe nubukorikori mubikorwa byo guhumeka no gushyushya).
Iyo usukugira inzu ya charamite, amasahani ya polystyrene akorwa nta guhumeka.
Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bukwirakwira kandi abasimbuka ntibakeneye.
Kunguka umukandara birashobora gukorwa mumatafari. Ibyiza byo Gushushanya - Korohereza kwishyiriraho, ugereranije nigiciro gito cyibikoresho hamwe nimiterere myiza yubushyuhe
Iyo kuvumbura kurukuta rw'inzira eshatu, insulation muri zone yuburinganire bwahagaritswe hamwe na tiley hafi yamatatani cyangwa hafi yumuti.
Ubwoya bwa mineral ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kwimura cyane kandi bakubura abashakanye, bifasha kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwo kwigarurira urukuta.
Ubwoya bwamabuye bwerekeza ku cyiciro cyibikoresho byakatiye - muriyi mitungo yacyo imbere yikirahure (quartz).
Gushimangira
Mu Makuru, urwego nyamukuru rugomba gushimangirwa mu buryo butambitse kandi bufitanye isano no guhangana. Gutezimbere Masonry Mesh Mesh Mesh, ibyapa, insinga, fireti ya plastike irakoreshwa. Niba hari icyuho gihumeka, gusa ingwate zidakwiye gukoreshwa, kubera ko ruswa ahantu hashyushye hashobora gutuma irimbuka ryuzuye rya Masonry Mesh cyangwa insinga mumyaka 20 gusa.
Ahubwo icyuho zihumeka, ni ngombwa gushimangira inyoge, musahure ku buryo butagira ingaruka, nk'icyuma cya gari ya gaze.
Cyangwa inkoni ya gaguru.
Cyangwa inkoni za polymer.
Injyana yo mu kayira kateganijwe igomba gushyirwa mu ntambwe ya cm itarenze 60 (ni ukuvuga kenshi imirongo itatu ya bloks), hamwe no guhuza insinga hagati ya 65 cm. Ariko, niba ubunini bwikinyasoni munsi yisuji hamwe na gap ihumeka irenze cm 10, umubare wamahuza wiyongereyeho 20-30%.
Guhumeka
Nkeneye icyuho cyurukuta rwuzuye? Rimwe na rimwe, yego, rimwe na rimwe oya - bitewe nigishushanyo cyurukuta. Kwemeza byibuze MM 30 irakenewe niba igice cyo hagati kigizwe n'amabuye y'agaciro. Buri gihe habaho amahirwe yo gucogora ibikoresho bya fibrous hamwe nibyumba bivuye mu kibanza (hamwe na parot ndende mu ntera y'imbere) n'imvura binyuze mu gace ka kashe. Kandi tubikesha vintzor, insuji izashobora gukama kandi ntizatakaza imitungo.
Mu rukuta rw'ibice bibiri, ventzor irakenewe niba imyigaragambyo yo gukubita ari (zirenga 30%) hejuru yikimenyetso kimwe kandi hari ibyago byo kwisiga kumupaka wabo.
Guhagarika umutima bigomba kugira ibyinjijwe hamwe nibyo umwobo. Nibyiza kuva mubusa buhagaritse mububiko bwo mumaso no gufunga imbeba zabo zanduye - Ihungabana nkiyi ntizigaragara ku ijwi. Byongeye kandi, shyira hamwe birashobora kwegeranya mugice cyo hepfo yikibuga, nuko Masonry hano agomba kuba amazi. Ibikoresho bya mastike cyangwa byazungurutse uburebure bwa cm 10 uhereye kumihuha neza; Kandi, imiyoboro yo gukuraho amazi, itondekanye nintambwe ya 2-3).
Amatafari yo gushushanya afite ubucucike bwinshi kandi akubura nabi abashakanye.
Niba ibyuma byimbere byimbere byatanzwe, kurugero, kuva muri gaze-vigisi, icyuho gihumeka hagati yimigabane irakenewe.
Kugereranya ubushishozi hamwe nandi moko
Muri Masonry yashyizwe ku muhanda (Verstant yo hanze), nk'uburyo, hari ibikoresho byo gushushanya ishyari, urugero, amatafari, n'uturere twimbere . Ibice byombi bifite ubunini bukomeye kandi bifite imbaraga zihagije; Kurenganya no gupfubyi mubisanzwe gushushanya gusa.
Gaze-selicate, ibikoresho bizwi cyane kubice byingenzi byinkike - guhagarika urumuri.
Ceramzito-beto
Poramic
Inkuta nkizo ntizikeneye kwirukana kandi ntukeneye gusanwa muri serivisi zabo. Mu gitabo gishyushye (hamwe n'ubwoya bwo hagati bw'ubwoya bw'amavuko cyangwa imyuka), insulation irinzwe neza guhirika umuriro no mu kirere. Ariko urukuta rwamabuye rwamabuye rurahenze kandi rusaba ishingiro rikomeye. Mubisanzwe, urufatiro rwa rubbon rwimbitse cyangwa monolitraled plabred slab ifite ubunini bwa mm 300-500 Ku butaka bwa Swimpy, hamwe ninyubako igoye yinyubako, ikirundo gihenze cyane kandi cya slab irashobora gusabwa.
Iyo kubaka amatafari n'amatafari yo gusimbuka hejuru yinzira, bitwaje inkingi, gushyigikira imikandara yo hejuru hejuru no hejuru yinzu, ndetse no gukosorwa ubwabo birakorwa cyane kuri beto.
Urwego
Niba kandi ukora igice kimwe cya Masonry? N'ubundi kandi, inkuta zazimye gusa ziva mu mucyo, hanyuma zirasomwa, irinde imbeho ikonje, mugihe uzigama kugirango uzigame ku rufatiro kandi nabo ubwabo bazabihe bihendutse. Ngiyo inzu igomba guhora itondekanya, kandi nyuma yimyaka 20-30, kugarura plaster birashobora gusabwa. Kamera kanini kuri kole nayo iramba kuruta amatafari. Nko urusaku rwashyizwe, mugihe ukoresheje ibice byo hejuru (ikadiri yo hejuru no gufunga wongeyeho amabati cyangwa ibuye rya artificiel) iki gishushanyo kizatwara imitako 10-30%.
Nibyiza cyane kubika Masonry icyarimwe hamwe nuwinshi, ariko yemerewe guhuza amatafari kandi asanzwe yiteguye kubaka.
Amatafari afite amatafari
Ubundi, Majored Masonry nanone ashobora gufatwa nkaho yinjira mumatafari asanzwe (mumatafari imwe cyangwa igice cyimbere cyangwa igice cyimbere kizakenera gusana, kandi urujya n'uruza ruzakenera gusana cyane ukurikije microclimate mu nzu.
Ba guhagarika inkuta, zisuzuguwe n'ifuro, hafi ntabwo ibura ihungabana, ariko irashobora kwikuramo ubushuhe kuva mubyumba. Kubwibyo, inzu nkiyi yifuzwa guha ibikoresho sisitemu ihumeka kandi ntiyemere mu gihe cy'itumba kugirango yongere ubushuhe ahantu harenze 45%.
Sandwich
Bumwe mubundi buryo bwinjije ubuyanzi ni ugukoresha uduce duto twa sandwich. Ubushuhe bukunzwe cyane ni ibicuruzwa bitatu bivuye mu rutonde rwa charamonzite (polystyrene ("hagati"). Urukuta ruva muri ibi bikoresho rufite imitungo yo kwikuramo ubushyuhe n'imbaraga nyinshi. Umwihariko wa Masonry uri mubyo bice bifatika gusa bihujwe nigisubizo, kandi hagati yikidodo isiga ubusa cyangwa yuzuze ifuro. Mu mfuruka n'ibyobo, ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bisabwa, aho ibisumiza bidafunze uhereye ku ruhande rw'imbere, ariko nanone uva mu ruhande rumwe. Kandi kubera ko bidashoboka gutandukanya neza guhagarika, kandi biragoye cyane guca, kandi birakenewe kabiri. Izi myandara zituma ubwubatsi bwuzuye kandi butinda, kandi haracyari inkuta zikura inshuro 1.5-2 byihuse kuruta gushiramo bisanzwe hamwe no kwisuzuma. Gukuramo inkuta za hearetath ni kurwanya cyane ibizamurwa byumwuka. Byongeye kandi, bakeneye gushushanya, bityo rero kugarura igihe.
Muri sandwich blok, ibice bifitanye isano nigihome "umurizo wa nyuma" cyangwa inguzanyo zishimangira amapine.
Byongeye kandi, bafashe hamwe. Nkuko biri mubice bisanzwe, ubujiya bugomba gushimangirwa na gride kugeza kumirongo ibiri cyangwa itatu.
Rero, niba uhisemo kubaka "inzu ikinyejana", noneho ni byiza kubona inzitizi yashyizwe ku isonga. Ariko birakenewe guhitamo ibikoresho nikoranabuhanga ryubwubatsi bwitonze, kugenzura ubwubatsi byifuzwa, ntabwo birinda no kugenzura akazi ubwako.
Kirill Paramonov, umuyobozi wa serivisi tekinike Icyerekezo "Kwigunga Polymer" ya Tekiniki
Mubwubatsi buke, sisitemu yinzira eshatu zishyize imbere nkibintu bitwara inyubako. Muri iki gihe, gukosorwa bishingiye imbere kurukuta, ubushikariyo bwo hanze burakomeza hejuru yuburebure bwose bwinzu. Masonry wo hanze azahuzwa nimbere yimbere yo guhungabana muri basaltoplasty. Iki kintu cyongeye gushyigikira insulation mumushinga. Iyo yubahirije ikoranabuhanga, ubuzima bwa sisitemu burenze imyaka 50. Mu bubiko bw'imibare ibiri bushingiye ku butegetsi, gushiraho ikiraro gikonje birashoboka. Kubwibyo, kuruhande rwisahani hubatswe neza, ni ngombwa gushiraho umudamu wumunyamico wijimye cyane polystyrene ifuro hamwe nubwiherero buke.