Isu tinoona kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinosanganisira kuiswa kurongeka, kunyangwe kusimbiswa uye kusimbiswa kunodiwa pazviri, uye kuenzanisawo zvinhu zvakarongedzwa pamwe nedzimwe sarudzo dzekuvaka dzinovhara.
Madziro ezvidhinha ave chiratidzo chekusimba, asi ivo vakashata kudziya, asi ivo vanodhura zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, nhasi imba yematombo inovakwa, ichisanganisa zvidhinha zvidiki zvidiki uye kazhinji madziro ekuwedzera, tekinoroji yakadaro inonzi yakasarudzika masoni.
Zvinhu zvekumisikidzwa masoni
MuMiddle Lane, zvinhu zvakakurumbira zvezvipfuyo zvemukati zveMasonry zviri gasi-silirate zvidhinha zvemhando yeBrands D500 uye D600, pamwe neCeramic yakanamirwa mabhuru. Zvekunze vanotsvanwa vanoshandisa hollow red, yero uye clinker zvidhinha. Ehezve, zvimwe, zvinosanganiswa zvinosanganiswa, senge polystyrene uye kongiri yakadzvanywa mabhuruku zvinogoneka. Iyo masonry yemukati inotungamirwa kutungamira mune inokosha "inodziya" glue inlet (pane yakanyanya kupedzwa midziyo yegesi-silirate mhuru), uye zvidhinha zvechinyakare - paComent Drar ine majoini emaseke ezvipenga. Kubva mukati, madziro akadaro anowanzo gumburwa kana kuiswa neakaoma (kana kukanganiswa kuchikwanisika mukushanda kwekudzidzira, sarudzo yekutanga inosarudzwa).
Lamated Masonry akagadzirwa nezvidhinha uye cerarmoblocks: 1 - akatarisana nezvidhinha zvakatemwa; 2 - tekinoroji gap (yekuenderana) izere nemhinduro; 3 - inosimbisa basaltoplastic grid; 4 - Ceramic akarembera block.
Yakavharwa masonry yakagadzirwa nezvidhinha uye cerarmoblocks ine slab insulation: 1 - yakatarisana nezvidhinha zveshuwa; 2 - cramic yakarongedzwa block; 3 - Mineral mavhiri ane mahwendefa ane gobvu re 100 mm; 4 - inochinjika basaltoplastic kubatana ne latch yekunzwa.
Yakavharwa masonry yakagadzirwa nezvidhinha uye foam zvidhinha zvine slab insulation: 1 - Foam concrete unit; 2 - mahwendefa emakungwa emaminerari ane gobvu re 100 mm; 3 - Clinker zvidhinha; 4 - inochinjika basaltoplastic kubatana ne latch yekunzwa.
Lamated Masonry akagadzirwa nezvidhinha uye zvidhinha: 1 - kufukidza nefermal insulance liner; 2 - zvidhinha zvidiki kumeso; 3 - inochinja-chinja polymer. 4 - Polystyrene Bonts.
Lamated kuiswa kwekongiri kongiri neyekuyerera insulation: 1 - Vibreppress block (sadenga dombo); 2 - Kubatanidza waya waya waya; 3 - Yakagadzirwa Vermiculite; 4 - Foam kongiri block;
Yakavharwa masonry yakagadzirwa nezvidhinha uye zvidhinha zvine slab insulation: 1 - kutarisana nezvidhinha; 2 - inoshanduka polymer kubatana; 3 - Epps mahwendefa; 4 - ceramzit concrete block.
Semutemo, zvinodikanwa kuti zvisungo zviri pakati pezvimedu zvinoshanduka, zvikasadaro musiyano mukudzvinyirira uye kupatsanurwa kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu zvinogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwekupaza.
Dhizaini mbiri-mbiri haigaro kuita kuti zviitike kuita zvinoitika zvinopisa zvinopisa. Semuenzaniso, rusvingo rwePorootherm zvidhinha uye rakarongedzwa rakatarisana nezvidhinha zvezvidhinha zve50 (38 CM) zvine chekushambadzira kupokana nezve 2.9 m2 • ° C / W, iyo iri mumamiriro eMoscow Uye Leningrad Dunhu, hazvisangane nezvinodiwa zvejoini venture 50.13330.2012 "Fermal Dziviriro Zvivakwa" (3.2 M2 • ° C / W).
Iwo masonry emabhuruku ezviputi paPoam akagoverwa muEurope, uko mabiko ane zviyero zvakaringana, nekuti mushure mekupfura ivo vanofumurwa.
Isu tine masonry pane inodziya glue, ichibvumira kusiyanisa huko hwezvisviniro kuti abatanidze mutsara.
Naizvozvo, kuvaka-chikamu nhatu-danda kunoitwa mukati mei pamasango maviri ematombo - girazi kana dombo. Kubuda polystyrene foam, polysocyrate, nezvimwewo). Iko kupisa kwekutamisa kweiyo foam block wall (30 + 12 cm) ine dura rekusimbisa kwe5 cm ndeye 3.4-3.8 m2 • ° C / W.
Kuti udzivise kuumbwa kwekukwirira, kuiswa kwechiso kuri nani mune yakakosha mhinduro ine zvinowedzera zvinosunga munyu.
Igo Rogozhin, Chief Injiniya yeKSK-Block
Kuti uvandudze mafuta emadziro emadziro, hazvidikanwe kuti uise imwe denderedzwa mugadziriro yeiyo huru yekufambisa yekunyora kana kushandisa zvishoma zvidhinha, semuenzaniso, iyo D400 gasi-rakabatanidzwa mabhurawuti kana iyo yakaenzana cramic Brands thermo. Nekudaro, pakutanga kesi, mutengo wekusangoita chete mabhokisi eimba uchawedzera, asiwo hwaro husingabetseri mune zveupfumi. Uye mune yechipiri inotakura masvingo haazove yakakwana kuti ione iyo yakakwenenzverwa nedenga reArmjois, iyo ichave zvakare mari (albeit idiki pane mutengo weMineral Wool insuling ). Mukuwedzera, zvichave zvakaoma kutanga chero chivakwa chivakwa uye zvivakwa zvakakura, senge magonhi egarage.
Kusarudzwa kwekusimbisa
Makushe emaminerari anodhura, akaderera kune mapepa emakungwa ekunyora kugona uye anotya kunyorova (zvakafanira kudzoka pakukurukurirana zvatiri kudzoka), asi hazvikanganise mhedzisiro yemadziro. Uye iyo Polyfoam haina kupotsa Steam uye inokiya inogona kukiya moisture mukati meiyo huru yeiyo nzvimbo yekuvhara (kunyangwe mukudzidzira kusimuka kwemadziro kunoitika chete nekutyora kwekushanda kwemhepo uye kupisa).
Paunenge uchisimbisa imba ye ceramzite block, plossryrene mahwendefa anoitiswa pasina ventilation.
Pamusoro pezvo, insermal insulation inodarika uye kusvetuka hakudi.
Bhanhire rinogona kugadzirwa nezvidhinha. Pros For Design - Kurererwa kwekuisirwa, yakaderera mutengo wezvishandiso uye zvakanakisa zvekunze zvehunyanzvi hunhu
Kana izvo zvinowanikwa mumadziro matatu-denderedzwa, iyo insulation munzvimbo yetsika dzekunze dzakavharwa neTiley padhuze nezvidhinha kana padyo nemhinduro.
Mineral Wol ine yakakwira kupisa kudzikisira uye kukotadza vakaroorana, izvo zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kupisa kunopisa zvivakwa zvemadziro.
Dombo rombo rinoreva kukirasi yezvisikwa zvisingabumuke - mune iyi pre-pfuma pamberi pegirazi (quartz).
Kusimbiswa
Mune chero masonry, iyo huru dura inofanira kusimbiswa yakatwasuka uye inosanganiswa nekutarisana. Kuwedzera masonry, simbi uye basaltoplastic masonry mesh, mahwendefa esimbi, waya, epurasitiki mafuru anoshandiswa. Kana paine nzvimbo yekuvhuvhuta, zvisungo zvisina mwero zvinofanirwa kushandiswa, kubva pakubata mumhepo yemhepo yemhepo zvinogona kutungamira kuparadzwa kwakazara kwekusarongeka kwemasonry monh kana bonitting waya mumakore makumi maviri chete.
Mukuvapo kwechinzvimbo chesipire, chinodiwa kuti usimbise masonry, nekubatana zvisina hukama, sekuti simbi yegridhi yegridhi.
Kana mabukira emahara.
Kana polymer tsvimbo.
Iyo Grid mune masonry seams inofanira kuiswa mudanho risina kupfuura makumi matanhatu emamita (iyo isingasviki mitezo mitatu yemabhuruku), uye mhizha kana waya matare cm yakatwasuka. Nekudaro, kana hukuru hwegomba pasi pegungwa uye mhepo yekuvhuvhuta inodarika gumi cm, nhamba yezvibatanidza inowedzera ne20-30%.
Ventilation
Ini ndoda ventilation gap mumadziro yakarongedzwa? Dzimwe nguva hongu, dzimwe nguva kwete - zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwemadziro. Iko kujekesa kweanosvika makumi matatu mm kuri kudiwa kana iyo yepakati denderedzwa ine mipirwo emuchina emakungwa. Pane nguva dzose mukana wekunyora zvinhu zvinyoro-nyoro kubva pamakamuri kubva munzvimbo (neakakwira parrot mudenga remukati) uye mvura kuburikidza nemvura inonaya isina kuchena mune yakatarisana. Uye nekutenda kune vintzor, iyo internation ichakwanisa kuoma uye isingarasikirwe nezvivakwa zvaro.
Mumadziro maviri-denderedzwa, iyo ventzor inodiwa kana kupokana kweiyo punching layer iri zvakanyanya (kupfuura 30%) pamusoro pechiratidzo chimwe chete pane iyo huru gadziri uye kune njodzi yekugadzira.
Ventilation clearance inofanirwa kunge iine maodha uye zvekunze maburi. Zvakanaka kwazvo kusiya vasina chinhu cheMasitum mumasonry uye vhara yavo isina tsvina grills - manhamba akadai asingaonekwe pane iyo facade. Uye zvakare, kudzikisira kunogona kuunganidza chikamu chepazasi chetaundi, saka masonry pano anofanirwa kunge ari mvura ine mastic or the mastic kana yakamanikidzwa kune yakakwirira yegumi kubva pasi pemhepo yemhepo; Zvakare, nzira dzekubvisa mvura, iyo yakarongedzwa nedanho 2-3 m).
Kushongedza clinker zvidhinha zvine hukasha hwakanyanya uye kusarasikirwa zvisina kunaka vakaroora.
Kana iyo iyo vest yeiyo masonry yakagadzirwa, semuenzaniso, kubva kugesi-silirate zvidhinha, iyo mhepo yekuvhuvhuta pakati pezvikamu zvinodiwa.
Kuenzanisa kweakasarudzika masonry nemamwe marudzi
Mune mashington kubva mumugwagwa (kunze kweVersa), semutemo wekunze, pane iyo yekushongedza-inopesana yekushongedza zvinyorwa, semuenzaniso, kubva kudivi rezvivakwa (uye kuwanda kwemukati) - kuwanda kwekuvhara uye kupisa-kusimbisa-kuzvidza maburi . Zvese zviri zviviri matombo ane hwakakora hwakakura uye uve nesimba rakakwana; Kuwedzeredza uye denga kunowanzo dhirowa chete pamabhuruku.
Gasi-silirate, midziyo yakakurumbira yeiyo huru yemadziro - zvidhinha.
Ceramzito-kongiri
Potted ceramic
Masvingo akadai haadi facade kupedzisa uye haadi gadzirire mubasa ravo rose. Mune shanduro yakadzvanywa (ine danho repakati pehuni kana mineral mvere), iyo insolation inochengetedzwa zvakavimbika kubva mukukasira uye mamiriro ekunze. Asi madziro emabwe akasvinwa anodhura uye anoda chigadziko chine simba. Kazhinji. Pamavhesi emakunguru, aine mamiriro akaomarara echivako, iyo inodhura kwazvo murwi uye slab base inogona kudiwa.
Kana kuvakwa kubva zvidhinha uye zvidhinha zveshuwa pamusoro pemaitiro, kutakura mbiru, mabhandi anotsigira akafukidzwa uye matenga, pamwe nekuzvikudza pachavo anowanzoitwa kubva pakona yakasimbiswa.
Layer
Uye kana iwe ukaita imwe denderedzwa yemasonry? Mushure mezvose, madziro, akapetwa kubva pamabhandi echiedza, uye akabva apunzwa, chengetedza kwazvo kubva kuchitonhora, uchichengetedza kuponesa patsva uye pachavo zvichadhura. Ndiyo chete imba ichagara ichinetesa, uye mushure memakore 20-30, kudzoreredzwa kweplaster kunogona kudikanwa. Tile cladding pane glue inoshandawo isingarambiki pane zvidhinha. Kana iri iyo yakaiswa facade, paunenge uchishandisa zvinhu zvepamusoro (Stainless Frame uye Fasteners Plus Tiles kana dombo rekugadzira) Ichi chinodhura chinodhura kubva kune yakazara-screen clinker zvidhinha.
Iyo yakarongeka yekuchengetedza kumeso kwemasonry panguva imwe chete neiyo huru, asi inobvumidzwa kubatanidza zvidhina uye yatogadzirira kuvaka.
Zvidhinha zvine mufungo
Neimwe nzira, mashry masonry anogona zvakare kuongororwa neyekuita nedumbu rakajairika (mune imwe zvidhinha kana imwe chete neyechikamu, asi iyo yekudziya yemukati inoda kugadziriswa, uye insulation yemukati haidiwe zvakanyanya maererano nemadzisheya mumba.
Vhara madziro, yakavezwa ne foam, ingangodaro isingapotsa steam, asi inogona kutora unyoro kubva kumhepo yemhepo. Naizvozvo, imba yakadai inodiwa yekushongedza iyo system yakamanikidzwa mhepo uye isingatenderi munguva yechando kuti uwedzere kunyorova munzvimbo dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana.
Sandwich block
Imwe yedzimwe nzira dzakarongedzwa masonry kushandiswa kwechidimbu-chidimbu sandwich zvidhinha. Iyo inonzi inonzi inonzi Heatblocks ndeye matatu-denderedzwa zvigadzirwa kubva kune ceramzite concrete (yakatemwa) uye yakawedzera polystyrene ("yepakati"). Masvingo kubva pane izvi zvine zvivakwa zvakanaka zvekudzivirira uye simba rakanyanya. Kufungisisa kwekufunga kunorara muchokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvekongiri chete zvevhavha zvinosungwa nemhinduro, uye pakati peSeam yakasara isina chinhu kana kuzadza foam. Mumakona nemakomba, zvigadzirwa zvakakosha zvinodikanwa, umo iyo insolation yakavharwa kwete chete kubva kumberi, asiwo kubva kune mumwe wedivi. Uye sezvo hazvigoneke kupatsanura chairo chivharo, uye zvakaoma kwazvo kutema, uye vapedza magumo anodiwa. Aya midziyo gadzira imwe yakazara uye inononoka kuvaka, uye ichiri madziro anokura 1.5-2 times nekukurumidza kupfuura zvakajairika kurara pamwe nekumisikidzwa. Iyo minus yemadziro ezviuru emadziro yakanyanya kuramba kusvika kune proforation proation. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanoda kupenda, uye saka kudzoreredza nguva nenguva.
MuSandwich Block, zvigadzikiso zvakabatana neimba yekutandarira "yeLastochka" kana imba inosimbisa mapini.
Mukuwedzera, ivo vakaungana pamwe chete. Sezvineiwo nezvematongero akajairwa, masonry anofanirwa kusimbiswa neyenzizi kuburikidza nemitsara miviri kana matatu.
Nekudaro, kana iwe ukafunga kuvaka "imba kwezana ramakore", saka zviri nani kutsvaga masonry akaremerwa. Asi zvakafanira kusarudza zvinhu uye tekinoroji yekuvakwa zvakanyatsonaka kwazvo, kurongedza kutarisisa kunodiwa, hakudzivise uye kudzora basa iro pacharo.
Kirill Paramonov, Musoro weTechnical Service Production "Polymer Kuzviparadzanisa" kweTechnonikol
Mukuvaka kwakadzika-kwakadzika, iyo matatu-denderedzwa yakarongedzwa system inogona kuvakwa seyekukutu sechinhu chinotakurika chechivako. Mune ino kesi, kudururwa kwakavakirwa mukati memadziro, iko kwekunze kwemhepo kuri kuramba kuchireba kweimba. Iyo yekunze masonry ichabatanidzwa kune iyo yemukati mavheti ezvisungo zvinochinjika kubva kuBesaltoplasty. Ichi chinhu chinowedzera chinotsigira iyo insulting muchimiro cheProjekiti. Pakuteerera tekinoroji, iyo hurongwa hwesistimu inodarika makore makumi mashanu. Mune maviri-layer masonry zvichienderana neyakafukidzwa, kuumbwa kwechitonhora bhiriji kunogoneka. Naizvozvo, pamucheto wevakasimbisa kongiri kongiri, zvinodikanwa kuti ugadzire mukadzi wekupedzisira wechiitiko chekupedzisira polystyrene foam ine yakaderera inobata.