Kangangeminyaka emininzi, kukho iimbambano malunga nophahla olungcono - i-slate, i-tile yentsimbi, i-bibra ye-fibrous fibrous (i-erector), okanye i-tiles eguquguqukayo? Ukukhetha kwezinto kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ke siya kuzama ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ebalulekileyo ukwazi kwaye uthathele ingqalelo.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Yintoni echaphazela ukhetho?
Abaphuhlisi abaninzi bathabatha uphahla kwimbonakalo entle kwaye bengangabizi nto, ngelixa bengathathelwa ingqalelo, umzekelo, ubunzima bokuthinta, i-engile ye-skate okanye iimpawu zokufakwa kwezinto , ngenxa yokuba kuvela iingxaki ngexesha lolwakhiwo lophahla, kwaye okubi kakhulu - ngexesha lokusebenza ekhaya. Iingcali zincome kuqala ukuqaphela:- Ubunzima bokuphahla kunye nophahla olupheleleyo lwendawo. Ubunzima beengubo ezichaphazela ngqo kuchaphazela uyilo lwenkqubo yeRAFT. Kwimeko apho inaliti ibalulekile, inkqubo yeRAFT kufuneka iqiniswe. Ukongeza, kuyafuneka ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ubunzima bekhephu kunye nefuthe lomoya.
- Isimo sophahla. Xa kusenziwa uphahla olulula olulula, akukho ngxaki xa ukhetha, kodwa uphahla lwe-publy ngenani elikhulu le-skiates kunye namanqaku afuna ingqalelo eyodwa: Ayizizo zonke izinto eziya kuba zilungele bona. Ke, xa ufaka iithayile zensimbi eluphahleni oluntsonkothileyo, isixa esikhulu senkunkuma senziwa, esikhokelela kunyuka okukhulu kwiindleko zophahla.
- Ikona skite. Zonke izixhobo zine-engile evumelekileyo yesiketi, ke xa siyiyile uphahla, le parameter kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ke, i-tile yentsimbi, i-angle encinci ivela kwi-11 °, i-Slate-ukusuka kwi-15 °, i-tiles eguquguqukayo - ukusuka kwi-11 °, i-° smart fibrous - ukusuka kwi-9 ° starmineus.
- Iimpawu zokusebenza. Kakade ke, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwizinto ezifana ezifana amandla enamathela, elula, isantya kunye zonyaka ngokubekwa, nokumelana, ukhuseleko emlilweni elide.
Ukuqonda iikhrayitheriya, unokuqhubeka nokukhetha ukuthuthu.
I-tile yentsimbi.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Izinto zoqoqosho zoqoqosho. Yiphepha lensimbi yensimbi, kumacala omabini, edityaniswe ngumaleko wePolymer ukhusela intsimbi kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle.
I-theile yentsimbi ebizi kakhulu i-tiles ene-0.3-0.4 mm, enokuthi iziseke ngokulula kwinkqubo ye-TIILE ye-0.45-0.5 mm. Ingabonakala ngathi ayinamandla kakhulu, kodwa kungqinelana kwaye isiqinisekiso sabevelisi kuyo nge-15 ukuya kwengama-20.
Kukho iithayile zensimbi kunye neentsilelo zayo: kwimvula, i-caides yingxolo enkulu, kwaye ukuba indlu ayiboneleli nge-attic okanye i-attic, iya kwenza ukuba ingonwabisi. Ukongeza, umphezulu wethayile yentsimbi igudileyo, ke, ukuthintela ikhephu elingalawulekiyo, kuyimfuneko ukufaka ii-bowstandadas.
I-theile yensimbi inokubekwa unyaka wonke. Ebusika, kufanele ukuba kukhathalelwe ukuba itayile yentsimbi ifuna isiseko sowomileyo nesicocekileyo, kwaye ke, ukuba ikhephu elimanzi liwe, ukufakelwa kungcono ukuhlehlisa de kube lo mntu uyomile de kube loma.
Isilayidi
Lo mhlawumbi oyena mntu ungoyena mntu ubambekileyo okoko amaxesha eSoviet. Amashiti athabatha mihla le apeyintwa ngemibala eyahlukeneyo enezipilisi ze-silicate okanye iipeyinti kwi-phosphate ebophayo usebenzisa imigangatho eyahlukeneyo. Ipeyinti, egutyungelwe ngamashiti agqityiweyo egqityiweyo, yenziwa ngumaleko okhuselayo onciphisa ukufakwa kwamanzi kwento ekwandisa ukumelana neqhwa kunye nokwanda kobomi benkonzo.Ukusuka kwi-visilic mises ye-Slate, siphawula ubukho be-Asbestos. Umxholo wayo awubulali, kodwa kwimpilo yomntu isayichaphazela. Ukongeza, uphahla lwesilayidi luyimfuneko ukuqhubekeka ne-primers okanye izisombululo ezifanayo, kuba uMoss ubonakala ekukhuseleni kumashiti. Ukuthamba kwento yento kufuna ukuphatha ngononophelo ngexesha lokuhamba, ukugcinwa kwaye ngakumbi ufakelo, ngaphandle, izinto ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zihlawulwe eluphahleni lweendlela ezintsonkothileyo, umzekelo,.
I-Slanca namhlanje isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukugubungela izixhobo okanye izakhiwo zezolimo, indawo yokuhlala.
I-Flouminous Shebrous (I-Eurohorter)
Entliziyweni yeshiti elinjenge-oight - amashiti eWavy yeefibers zeselfowuni ezifakwe i-bitumes kwixinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu. Ngaphandle, amashiti afana nesazisi, kodwa ngokungafaniyo nento enokwenzeka yempilo yabantu. Ukongeza, i-erediker ilula: Ubunzima buyi-3 kg / m2, ngelixa ubunzima be-14 kg / m2, ke balunge ngakumbi ukuhambisa nokunyusa. Ngenxa yobunzima obuphantsi, ukungqubana akusenzi uyilo lwe-raft, oluvumela ezinye iimeko ukuyibeka ngaphezulu kwengcedi yakudala. Iskimu semibala yeenombolo zeengubo ezithambileyo kuxhomekeka kwi-brand ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-8 imibala, nangaphezulu, kuyenzeka kwi-Matte okanye i-glossy. I-minuse, siya kukhankanya ukutshata, ukuqumbisa kunye nokupeyinta ngepeyinti ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-tile yentsimbi ye-ereriker, ayiyonto iphosakeleyo ngexesha lemvula kwaye i-projempas ayikhanga kwicala elingasemva.
I-tiles eguquguqukayo
I-tele eguquguqukayo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-phahla ethambileyo okanye ithambile. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, le nto ingumda wegiya ye-100 x 32 / 33.5 cm ngokusika i-curly kumda omnye. Banokuba nemilo ye-teramic ye-ceirac yemveli ("umsila we-beabhu"), uHexagon, u-Hexagos, uxande, i-tetales, njl njl.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
I-Theyile ye-Flicturey eguqukayo inamacandelo aliqela. Isiseko sisiseko se-non-fivellass canvas (i-cerleter yeglasi). Umxube we-guruminous usetyenziswa kumchotho weglasi. Ukusuka ngasemva kwe-Trundition, kusetyenziswa umaleko we-bitumen ozithandayo, ubuso bukhuselwe yi-basalt granter.
I-turinous theile inokuba ngumlinganiswa ongatshatanga okanye i-Multi. Ngokwahlukileyo kwiithayile ze-falls engatshatanga kwi-1 okanye i-3 shingles idityaniswe kunye kwiimeko zomzi-mveliso, kodwa ngaphandle kwezixhobo zihlala zisezantsi (umthwalo kwisiseko se-13-25 kg / m2), ayikho Funa ukomeleza ukomeleza koyilo lwe-raft kunye neendonga zodonga, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, uhlala uhleli kwaye uziqine.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-ofisi enye kunye ne-Multi-Fleed Twine kufuneka inikele ingqalelo kwixesha lewaranti. Umzekelo, ixesha lewaranti le-tiles enye elithambileyo lethayile yeFinland eveliswe yiTebnikol iminyaka engama-20. Kolu hlahlo lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lukhona ukhetho ezimbini zokusika ii-shots kunye nemibala emine eqhelekileyo. Ungcelele lwamanqaku athi "Classic" lihlala ixesha elide, kukho imingxunya yokungatshati kunye newaranti yeminyaka engama-30.
I-Toiter ye-teater ye-Teler "iTechnikol" ngumgangatho ophantsi kwixabiso elifikelelekayo. Imibala yenziwa zombini kwithoni enye kunye notshintsho lwemibala. Ilungele isisombululo esinzima sendalo kunye neeprojekthi ezifuna ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko. Iwaranti-ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-55, kuxhomekeke kungcelele lwe-tile.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
I-vertex yokuthembeka kunye ne-prorige iya kuba yi-tuleer ye-tekncnoikol ye-teknoikol ye-teknoikol, iboniswe kwiimpawu ezine ezithandekayo ezinobuchule - "iYurophu", "Africa", "Arica". Imo ekhethekileyo yokusika "kwilizwekazi" kunye nezinto eziphezulu eziphezulu zikuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ukuba inkonzo yenkonzo yeminyaka engama-60.
Okuhle nokubi
Phakathi kwezibonelelo zeethayile eziguquguqukayo kuthelekiswa nezinye iimpahla zephepha, siqaphela:
- Ukubakho kokwenza isicelo kulo naluphi na uphahla, nokuba luhlengahlengiso lophahla.
- Ubungakanani bephela: Ingathi i-waterproof, ayibola kwaye ayiyinyibiliki phantsi kwemitha yelanga, ikhuselwe kumlilo - ayisasazi umlilo.
- Ukuchasana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukuze kungasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-Russia. Ukongeza, uphahla oluthambileyo alungxolo kwaye aloyiki umoya ovuthuzayo.
- Ngokulula kunye nokukwazi ukufaka nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka ngenkunkuma. Uphahla oluthambileyo lunokubekwa ngokokhuseleko lokukhuseleka komsebenzi kwiindawo zokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 ° C.
Kwangelo xesha, imigaqo elula kufuneka ijongwe:
- Xa ibeka amaqondo obushushu ngaphantsi -5 ° C, igcinwe kwigumbi elifudumeleyo kunye nomxholo;
- ukuqhuba eluphahleni kwiibatch ezincinci zeepakethi ze-3-5;
- Sebenzisa i-hairyer yokwakha yokufudumeza umtya onamathela.
Phakathi kweengxaki, kunokwenzeka ukwazisa ubusitho bezinto zokuthobela itekhnoloji yokubeka itekhnoloji.