Iminyaka eminingi, kukhona izingxabano mayelana nalokho okungcono ukwehla - isilayidi, i-metal tile, amashiyela we-fibrous (e-erector), noma uthayela oguqukayo? Ukukhethwa kokuqukethwe kuncike ezintweni eziningi, ngakho-ke sizozama ukuthola ukuthi yini ebalulekile ukwazi nokunaka.
Photo: Tehtonol
Yini ethinta ukukhetha?
Abathuthukisi abaningi bathatha ophahleni ngomgomo omuhle futhi ngokungabizi, ngenkathi bengacabangi, ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sokuhlanganiswa, ukucushwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kophahla, i-angle yesiketi noma izici zokufakwa kwezinto zokwakha , Ngenxa yalokho kuvela izinkinga lapho kwakhiwa ophahleni, futhi kubi kakhulu - ngesikhathi sokusebenza ekhaya. Ochwepheshe batusa kuqala ukubheka:- Ukwehla kwesisindo nomthwalo wophahla oluphelele. Isisindo sezimbali zithinta ngqo ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwe-rafter. Uma kwenzeka isisindo somjovo sibalulekile, uhlelo lwe-rafter kumele luqiniswe. Ngokwengeziwe, kuyadingeka ukubheka inqwaba yeqhwa kanye nomthelela womoya.
- Ukucushwa kophahla. Lapho uhlela uphahla olulula lwePrope, akukho nkinga lapho ukhetha, kepha uphahla oluqinile olunenombolo enkulu yeziketi kanye nesijobelelo sidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile: akuzona zonke izinto ezizobe zilungele. Ngakho-ke, lapho kufakwa amathayili ensimbi kuphahla olunzima, kwakhiwa inani elikhulu lemfucuza, eliholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwezindleko zophahla zilonke.
- I-Corner Skate. Zonke izinto zine-angle evunyelwe kancane yesikebhe, ngakho-ke lapho uklama uphahla, le pharamitha kufanele ibhekwe. Ngakho-ke, nge-metal tile, i-angle encane isuka ku-11 °, isilayidi - ukusuka ku-15 °, i-tile eguqukayo - kusuka kumashidi angu-11 °, kusuka ku-9 ° fibrous - kusuka ku-9 °.
- Izici zokusebenza. Vele, kufanele unake lezi zinto ezinjengamandla we-coating, ukulula, isivinini kanye nokubekwa konyaka, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuphepha ngomlilo nokuqina.
Njengoba usezwisisile ngenqubo, ungaqhubeka nokukhethwa kwe-coating.
I-Metal Tile.
Photo: Tehtonol
Impahla yezomnotho yophahla. Ishidi lensimbi elinamaphrofayili, nhlangothi zombili, lihlanganiswe ne-polymer ungqimba elivikela insimbi emathonyeni angaphandle.
I-tile yensimbi eshibhile - amashidi anobukhulu be-0.3-0.4 mm, engalethwa kalula kwinqubo yokubeka ophahleni, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukukhetha ithayela lensimbi kuphela elinobukhulu be-0.45-0.5 mm. Kubukeka sengathi ayikhulu kakhulu, kepha iqinile futhi iyisiqinisekiso sabakhiqizi kulokhu eminyakeni eyi-15 - 20.
Kunamathayili ensimbi kanye namaphutha ayo: Emvuleni, ukumboza kuwumsindo impela, futhi uma indlu inganikeli i-attic noma i-attic, izokwenza ukungaphatheki kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaphezulu lethayili lensimbi libushelelezi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukugwema iqhwa elingalawulwa, kuyadingeka ukufaka amaqhwa.
I-Metal Tile ingafakwa unyaka wonke. Ebusika, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-tile yensimbi idinga isisekelo esomile nesihlanzekile, ngakho-ke, uma iqhwa elimanzi liwe, ukufakwa kungcono ukuhlehlisa kuze kube yilapho ukungena komile.
Isilekisi
Lokhu mhlawumbe ukunamathela okudume kakhulu kusukela ngesikhathi saseSoviet. Amashidi weSlate wanamuhla apendiwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene enezipende ezibunjiwe noma upende ku-phosphate ebopha usebenzisa imibala ehlukahlukene. Upende, ombozwe ngamashidi we-slate aqediwe, akha ungqimba oluvikelayo olunciphisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezandisa ukumelana nezithelo nokwanda kwempilo yenkonzo.Kusuka kumaminithi acacile we-slate, siyaphawula ukuba khona kwe-asbestos. Okuqukethwe kwalo akubulali, kepha ngempilo yabantu kusathinta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ophahleni lwesilayidi kuyadingeka ukucubungula nama-primers noma izixazululo ezifanayo, ngoba i-moss ivela lapho kungekho khona ukuvikelwa kumashidi. Ukuchitheka kokuqukethwe kudinga ukuphatha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ukugcinwa kanye nokufakwa ikakhulukazi, ngaphandle kwalokho, izinsiza ezinjalo akunakwenzeka ukumboza ophahleni lwamafomu alula, ngokwesibonelo, ama-dome-asped.
I-Slate namuhla isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukumboza usizo noma izakhiwo zezolimo, indawo yokuhlala yesikhathi sonyaka.
Amashidi e-Bibrous Fibrous (euroshor)
Enhliziyweni ye-coating enjalo - amashidi we-wavy we-cellulose fibers afakwe ku-bitumen ngokucindezela okukhulu kanye nokushisa. Ngaphandle, amashidi anjalo afana nesilayidi, kepha ngokungafani nawo akuqukethe izinto eziyingozi zempilo yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-erectifer ilula: isisindo yi-3 kg / m2 kuphela, ngenkathi isisindo se-slate singama-14 kg / m2, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuthutha. Ngenxa yesisindo esiphansi, ukuhlanganiswa akushisi ukwakheka kweRafter, okuvumela ngezinye izimo ukuthi akubeke ngaphezulu kwenhlanganisela yakudala. Isikimu sombala sezinombolo ze-Coatings ngokuya ngomkhiqizo osuka kwimibala emi-4 kuye kwayi-8, Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenzeka ku-matte noma kucwebezele. Kwamaminithi, sizokusho okuvuthayo, ukugcwala kanye nopende we-burnout ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngokungafani ne-erectifer metal tile, akusikho okupholile ngesikhathi semvula kanye nemvula akukhiwa ngasohlangothini lwayo lwasemuva.
Tile eguquguqukayo
Ithayela eliguqukayo libizwa nangokuthi uphahla oluthambile noma amathayili e-butuminous. Ngamafuphi, lokhu okuqukethwe yi-Gear-Disension ka-100 x 32 / 33.5 cm ngama-cuttings curly onqenqemeni olulodwa. Bangaba nesimo sethayela lendabuko ye-ceramic ("umsila we-beaver"), i-hexagon, i-rhombus, unxande, izikali zezinhlanzi, njll.
Photo: Tehtonol
I-tile eguquguqukayo ehlelekile iqukethe izingqimba eziningana. Isisekelo yi-Inteven Fiberglass Canvas (i-cholester yengilazi). Ingxube ye-Bituminous isetshenziswa ku-cholester yengilazi. Ukusuka emuva kwe-truncation, ungqimba lwe-titumen ozinamathela kuyasetshenziswa, ubuso buvikelwe yi-basallt yasemanzini.
I-Bituminous Tile ingaba yingxenye eyodwa noma i-multi-reged. Ngokungafani namathayili angqimba olulodwa ku-Multi-Laner 2 noma ama-3 shingles ahlanganiswe ndawonye ezimweni zefekthri, kepha naphezu kwalokhu kuhlala kukhanye (umthwalo wesisekelo sophahla ngu-13-25 kg / m2), akayona dinga ukuqiniswa okwengeziwe kokwakheka kwe-rafter kanye nezindonga zodonga, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwengqimba elilodwa kanye ne-multi-ungqimba kufanele anake isikhathi sewaranti. Isibonelo, isikhathi sewaranti samathayili athambile ongqimba wochungechunge lwesiFinnish akhiqizwa yiTechnikol yiminyaka engama-20. Kulolu hlelo lwesabelomali kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhetha zokusika kanye nemibala emine evame kakhulu. Uchungechunge oluthi "Classic" luhlala isikhathi eside, kukhona iziqu zobukhulu ezingqimba kanye newaranti yeminyaka engama-30.
Amathayili ama-soft ethambile amabili "I-Technikol" yikhwalithi ekhethekile ngentengo efinyelelekayo. Umbala wenziwa zombili ngezwi elilodwa nangokushintsha kombala. Ilungele izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwakha futhi amaphrojekthi adinga ukwethembeka nokuphepha. Iwaranti - kusuka eminyakeni engama-30 kuye kwangama-55, kuya ngochungechunge lwe-tile.
Photo: Tehtonol
I-vertex yokwethenjwa kanye nodumo kuzoba yithayela elinobungqingili kaTekhnonikol Shinglas, elethulwe ezinguqulweni zemibala emine eqondayo - "Europe", "i-Asia", "i-Afrika". Uhlobo olukhethekile lokusika "izwekazi" nezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zikuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise impilo yenkonzo yeminyaka engama-60.
Ubuhle nobubi
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zamathayili aguqukayo uma uqhathanisa nezinye izinto zeshidi, siyaphawula:
- Ithuba lokufaka isicelo kunoma yiluphi uphahla, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uculwe ngophahla.
- Ubuntu obungenamanzi: Akuboleki ngokuphelele, akuboli futhi akukulimazi, akunciphisi ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga, kunokuvikelwa komlilo - kuvimbela ukucosha futhi kungasabalalisi ngomlilo.
- Ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi aphansi, ngakho-ke kungasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu zaseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphahla oluthambile akuyona umsindo futhi alwesabi umoya onamandla.
- Easy nekhono lokufaka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ophansi kwemfucuza. Uphahla oluthambile lungabekwa ngokuya ngokuphepha komsebenzi wokuphamba emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-20 ° C.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kubhekwe imithetho elula:
- Lapho ubeka emazingeni okushisa angaphansi - 5 ° C, egcinwe egumbini elifudumele ngezinto ezibonakalayo;
- ukufeza ophahleni ngamabheji amancane amaphakethe ama-3-5;
- Sebenzisa i-hairdryer yokwakha yokushisa umucu wokunamathela.
Phakathi kobunzima, kungenzeka ukwaba ubumnandi bezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze uhambisane nobuchwepheshe bokubeka.