Kwa zaka zambiri, pali mikangano pazomwe denga limakhala bwino - slate, matayala azitsulo, ma sheibuus ang'onoang'ono (erector), kapena matayala osinthika? Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu kumadalira zinthu zambiri, chifukwa chake tiyesetsa kudziwa zomwe zofunika kudziwa ndi kuganizira.
Chithunzi: Tehtonol
Kodi chimakhudza chiyani?
Opanga ambiri amatenga mafomu ovala zokongola komanso zotsika mtengo, mwachitsanzo, kulemera kwa zokutira, kukhazikika kwa padenga kapena mawonekedwe a kuyika kwa zida , chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika pakumanga padenga, komanso zoyipitsitsa - powagwiritsira ntchito kunyumba. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kaye kufotokoza:- Kulemera kulemera ndi katundu wathunthu. Kulemera kwa zokolola kumakhudza kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka kasudzo. Ngati umbale unyinji ndi wofunikira, dongosolo la mtanda liyenera kulimbikitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa komanso kugwedezeka kwa mphepo.
- Makonzedwe apade. Mukamamanga madenga osavuta, palibe vuto mukamasankha, koma madenga opindika ndi zikho zambiri ndi zigawo zambiri amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera: sikuti chilichonse chizikhala choyenera. Chifukwa chake, pokhazikitsa matanga achitsulo pamalo ovuta, zinyalala zambiri zimapangidwa, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa denga la denga lonse.
- Kusaka pakona. Zipangizo zonse zimakhala ndi mbali imodzi yovomerezeka ya skate, ndiye popanga denga, gawo ili liyenera kufotokozedwa. Chifukwa chake, kwa ma taning azitsulo, ngodya yocheperako ndi yochokera ku 11 °, STU - kuyambira 15 °, matayala 11 °
- Machitidwe. Inde, muyenera kusamala ndi zinthu ngati zophatikiza mphamvu, kuphweka, kuthamanga ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyengo, chitetezo chamoto ndi kulimba kwa moto.
Atamvetsetsa ndi zomwezo, mutha kuyamba kusankha zokutira.
Zingwe zachitsulo.
Chithunzi: Tehtonol
Zinthu zachuma padenga. Ndi pepala lachitsulo, mbali zonse ziwiri, zokutidwa ndi polimar osanjikiza poteteza chitsulo chochokera kunja.
Matayala otsika mtengo kwambiri - mapepala okhala ndi makulidwe a 0,3-0.4 Zikuwoneka kuti siabwino kwambiri, koma ndizopweteka kwambiri komanso chitsimikizo cha opanga pamwambapa ndi zaka 15-20.
Pali ma tales achitsulo ndi zolakwa zake: Mumvula, zokutidwa ndi phokoso, ndipo ngati nyumbayo siyipereka nyumba kapena ayi, zimapangitsa kukhala ndi vuto linalake. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe a matayala azitsulo ndi osalala kwambiri, motero, kupewa chipale chofewa chosalamulirika, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa matalala.
Matayala azitsulo amatha kuyikika chaka chonse. M'nyengo yozizira, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti zitsulo zitsulo zimafuna maziko owuma komanso odekha, chifukwa chake, ngati chipale chonyowa chikagwa, kuyikako kuli bwino kuchedwetsa mpaka kulowetsa.
Sikwa
Izi mwina ndi zogwirizana kwambiri kuyambira nthawi za Soviet. Ma state amakono amapaka utoto wamitundu mitundu yokhala ndi utoto kapena utoto wa phosphate kumanga zojambula zosiyanasiyana. Utoto, womwe umaphimbidwa ndi state yomalizidwa, amapanga njira yoteteza yomwe imachepetsa mayamwidwe a zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera chisanu komanso kuchuluka kwa moyo wa ntchito.Kuchokera pamankhwala omveka a Slate, tikuwona kukhalapo kwa asbestos. Zolemba zake sizophedwa, koma thanzi laumunthu limakhudzira. Kuphatikiza apo, padenga la malovu ndilofunikira kuti lizichita ndi zosintha kapena njira zofananira, chifukwa moss akuwoneka kuti alibe chitetezo pama sheet. Kukhazikika kwa zinthuzo kumafunikira kusamalira mosamala nthawi yoyendera, kusungirako komanso kukhazikitsa, zinthu zotere ndizosatheka kuphimba madenga ovuta, mwachitsanzo, opangidwa.
Slate lero amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuphimba zothandiza kapena nyumba zaulimi, nyumba yanyengo.
Ma shebrous ma sheet (Euroshorder)
Pamtima ya zokutira - mapepala a wavy wa ulusi wa cellulose wophatikizidwa ndi phula pakukakamizidwa kwambiri komanso kutentha. Kunja mapepala oterewa amafanana ndi ma slam, koma mosiyana ndi izi mulibe zinthu zovulaza kuti anthu akhale ndi thanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, Eritor ndiosavuta: Kulemera ndi 3 kg okha ndi atatu, pomwe Slap Kulemera ndi 14 kg / m2, motero ndizotheka kunyamula ndikuyika mayendedwe. Chifukwa cha kulemera kochepa, zokutira sizimateteza mapangidwe a rafter, omwe amalola nthawi zina kuti ayike pamwamba pa zokutira zakale. Mtundu wa manambala a manambala kutengera mtundu wa 4 mpaka 8, kuwonjezera apo, zimachitika matte kapena glossy. Mwa mikangano, titchulapo zoyaka, zonunkhira komanso zowotcherera pakapita nthawi.
Mosiyana ndi ma tanifefefa azitsulo, sikuti ndi mvula yambiri komanso mobwerezabwereza sizimapangidwa kumbali yake yakumbuyo.
Matayala osinthika
Matambo osinthika amatchedwanso padenga kapena matayala ambiri. Mwakutero, izi ndi zida zambiri za 100 x 32 / 33.5 masentimita ndi zodulidwa m'mphepete imodzi. Amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a matayala achikhalidwe ("Mchira wokongola"), ma helover, rhombus, makona a nsomba, ndi zina "mawonekedwe" amapanga mawonekedwe oyambira padenga.
Chithunzi: Tehtonol
Matailosi osinthika amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo. Maziko ndi osagwirizana ndi chinsalu cha fiberglass (galasi cholester). Kusakaniza kovuta kumayikidwa ku galasi lolester. Kuyambira kumbuyo kwa kutalika, wosanjikiza wa zotsatsa zodzikongoletsera amaziika, nkhope imatetezedwa ndi basalt.
Tile yolunjika imatha kukhala yosanjikiza kapena yokhazikika. Mosiyana ndi matayala amtundu umodzi mu magawo awiri kapena 3 shingles ophatikizika limodzi mu zinthu zafakitale, koma ngakhale izi zimakhalabe zowala (katundu padenga la padenga ndi 13-25 k2), sizitero amafuna kulimbikitsa kolimbitsa thupi kapangidwe ka kamangidwe ka khoma, koma nthawi yomweyo, kokhazikika komanso cholimba.
Kusankha pakati pa wosanjikiza umodzi ndi ambiri osanjikiza ayenera kulabadira nthawi ya chitsimikizo. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yotsimikizika ya mataile ochepa a mataile a ku Finnish mndandanda wopangidwa ndi technikol ndi zaka 20. Mu gawo la bajeti ili pali njira ziwiri zodulira kuwombera ndi mitundu inayi. Nkhani yakuti "Zakale" imatha nthawi yayitali, pali mitengo ikuluikulu yopanda tanthauzo komanso zaka 30.
Matayala awiri ofewa "ma technikol" ndi mtundu wosankhika pamtengo wotsika mtengo. Utoto umachitika zonse ziwiri ndikusintha mitundu. Ndioyenera kwa zovuta zovuta zomangamanga komanso zothandizira kuti zikhale zodalirika komanso chitetezo. Chitsimikizo - kuyambira zaka 30 mpaka 55, kutengera pamndandanda wa tisi.
Chithunzi: Tehtonol
Vertex yodalirika komanso kutchuka kudzakhala matayala atatu a tekhnonikol shinglas, "Europe", "Africa", "America". Njira yokhayo yodulira "kontinenti" komanso zida zapamwamba zimakulolani kuti muwonetsetse moyo wa zaka 60.
Ubwino ndi Wosatha
Pakati pa zabwino za matailosi osinthika poyerekeza ndi zida zina, tikudziwa:
- Kuthekera kogwiritsira ntchito padenga lililonse, ngakhale zitakhala za kusinthika.
- Chiwerengero chakuma University: Uli wopanda udzi, suvunda, ndipo sukusungunuka, susungunuka pansi pa kuwunika kwa dzuwa, kumateteza kumoto - kumalepheretsa kuyatsa.
- Kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, motero itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyala yosiyanasiyana ya Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, padenga lofewa sikomveka ndipo silimachita mantha ndi mphepo yamphamvu.
- Yosavuta komanso yokhoza kukhazikitsa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka ndi zinyalala zochepa. Denga lofewa limatha kuyikidwa molingana ndi chitetezo cha ntchito yoyaka pa -20 ° C.
Nthawi yomweyo, malamulo osavuta ayenera kuonedwa:
- Mukagona pa kutentha-pansi -5 ° C, kusungidwa m'chipinda chofunda ndi zinthu;
- kugwira padenga m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a 3-5 mapaketi;
- Gwiritsani ntchito tsitsi lopanga zomangira zomatira zomatira.
Zina mwazinthu zoyipa, ndizotheka kugawa zolemba zoyambirira kuti mutsatire ukadaulo wogona.