Uphahla olubonakalayo, oluthembekileyo nolwandisiweyo lweethayile ezifudumeleyo ze-bimoous zizinto ezisemgangathweni kunye nokufakwa kobungcali.
Ifoto: Tegola.
I-goadxible ye-phele kwimarike yaseRussia inikezelwa yinkampani ethi "Dyuk Extrubje", Tehntonikol, eqinisekileyo, i-Icarabil, eKarabit, njl. Njl. Njengesiseko, isetyenziselwa oko, igqityiwe kumgangatho oqinileyo oqinileyo ukusuka kwi-chipboard ethengiswayo (i-OSP-3), i-Plywood enganyangekiyo (i-FSF) enobunkunkqele obuyi-9 mm. Izinto ezisisiseko zinorhatya, zinomsantsa we-3-4 mm. Elokugqibela lisebenza ukuze libuyekeze iingxaki zobushushu bezinto. Umgangatho kufuneka ube nokuthi, ngamaconsi ukuphakama phakathi kwe-triggers akukho ngaphezulu kwe-2 mm, kunye nowomileyo (oqinisekisiweyo ukusuka kwi-12%).
Ngaphezulu komgangatho ubekwe kwikhaphethi le-liing-ububanzi bezinto eziphathekayo, njengommiselo, i-1 m. Ngokwendlela yokuqhutywa, iikhaphethi ziyinyikima, zilungisiwe okanye zilungisiwe okanye zilungisiwe zi-foacvacial (ii-bybeki okanye izipikili ze-foacker). Ii-canvanes zigcwalisa nge-15 ukuya kwi-20 cm kwicala eliguqukayo kunye ne-10 cm kwi-cmitudinal. Ikhaphethi lenza imisebenzi emininzi. Okokuqala, khusela isiseko sokuvuza ngexesha lokufakelwa ngexesha lokufakwa kophahla kunye neminyaka yokuqala emi-2 ukuya kwele-2 ukuya kwi-tiles yokuqala, ngelixa i-tile eguqukayo iphantsi kwefuthe lobushushu "aluzange luzenzekela" ukuthuthumela. Okwesibini, ikhaphethi ye-elastic ivumela ukunciphisa isiphumo sesakhiwo sokulinganisa somthi kwimbonakalo kunye nokuqina kophahla (kubandakanya indawo ye-Endes kunye neendawo ze-adjoins).
I-Grante ikhusela i-bitumer ye-bitumen kwiziphumo ze-iltraviolet, kwangaxeshanye inika umbala kwizinto zophahla. Ifoto: Tehtonol
Izindululo zabavelisi ekufakweni kwekhaphethi ye-Light zahlukile. Ezinye iinkampani ziyayicebisa ukuba ibeke phezu komphezulu wethambeka eluphahleni kunye ne-thared ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18 °, phezu kwethambekile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 ° ukuya kwi-30 ° ukuya kwi-30 ° ukuya kwi-30 ° ukuya kwi-30 °. Ngethambeka enkulu, ikhaphethi icetyiswa ukuba ibekwe kuphela kwi-EFOWS, iindawo zokuvumela iindonga ezindongeni, ujikeleze imibhobho kunye neefestile ze-Mannard, kunye neendawo zokuhamba. Ezinye iinkampani zongeza kolu luhlu lwamafutha, skites kunye nemigca.
Inqanaba elilandelayo lokufakwa kophahla kukufakelwa kweeproni zensimbi (ii-Drippers) kwindawo engaphambili kwaye zikhule kumoya kunye noyilo lwala macandelo ophahla. Ii-APRON zibopha ngaphezulu kwe-carphus ye-lining ngezipikili okanye zokuzimisa. Emva koko, ukufumana isitayile se-tile eqhelekileyo.
I-shingle nganye (iphepha elincinci le-1 × 0.3 m enezipili ezifumileyo) ilungisiwe kwisiseko usebenzisa izipikisi ezine (kuxhomekeka kwi-tile imodeli) enezikhonkwane zethayile. Bazondla ngaphezulu kwesiphelo see-petals ezisikiweyo (ecaleni le-Groove) ukongeza ukulungisa umphezulu womqolo ongezantsi. Ayamkelekanga ukuba inyuse iishishisi kuphela ecaleni komphetho ophezulu, njengoko inokuphelisa impembelelo yomoya onamandla. Ukongeza, kule meko, umqolo ongezantsi nawo awumiselwanga kakuhle, onokuphazamisa ukuthembeka kophahla olupheleleyo. Elokhokheli ophahla kunye ne-bias enkulu (ngaphezulu kwe-45 okanye i-60 °) yokuncamathisela ii-shingles uya kufuna ezimbini ezongezelelweyo: zone i-tiles ephezulu ye-tile (kumgama we-2,5 cm ukusuka kumda we-shingle).
Umphezulu wangaphambili weethayile eziguqukayo eziguqukayo zigutyungelwe ngumaleko welitye lelitye elipeyintiweyo, uninzi lwamabandla amaninzi okanye isilayidi. Ifoto: Tehtonol
Icala elixhasayo le-tile, njengommiselo, linomaleko othe wanethemba lokuzibulala-umbulelo phantsi, iziqu eziphantsi kwempembelelo yelanga isono, ewonyusa ukuqina kwentsimbi. Umaleko ukhuselwe yifilimu esuswe ngaphambi kokunyusa iithayile. Umqolo wokuqala we-shots uhlala ubekwe kwi-cornese flwell, emva koko ufikelela kwisiketi. Kwangelo xesha, into nganye ephezulu yophahla lugubungela ezantsi kunye nelitye, ngokukhuseleka ngokuthembekileyo indawo yendawo yayo.
Iinyosi, isiketi kunye nemikhono kunye nemikhono ahlangabezana nomthwalo owandayo ngexesha lokusebenza kophahla. Abavelisi banikezela ngezisombululo ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela la macandelo anzima ekuvuzaneni. Abanye babonelela nge-filament ye-skate-filament ye-skade (enendawo eyandisiweyo yokunamathela). Abanye bayacetyiswa ukuba bongeze i-tile eqhelekileyo kunye ne-bitumen mastic. Enye ingxaki yophahla lwe-node-I-Esanda, iindawo zokuhlangana kwesiketi phantsi kwekona engaphakathi. Kukho itekhnoloji eyahlukeneyo yelungiselelo labo.
Iinkampani ezininzi zivelisa ikhaphethi ekhethekileyo ye-oman-i-bimouled goods (ihlala ubude be-700-1000 ye-CM kunye ne-70-110 cm ububanzi), enjengemibala etyibilikisiweyo kwilitye. Ikhaphethi enjalo yomelele kwaye ikwakuvumela ukuba uyifihle ngenani elincinci lelaphu (njengommiselo, iiroli ezininzi). Igcwalisa i-capting ye-let, ukulungisa imiphetho ye-bitumen mastic kunye nezikhonkwane. I-Tile iphakanyisiwe kwikhaphethi, ukusika ukuze i-strip engafakwanga i-15-25 cm ububanzi obungakhiyo bamanzi buhlala ecaleni kokuphela. Imiphetho ye-shingles ilahlekile yi-mastic ecaleni komgca wokusika. Ukulungisa ikhaphethi kunye neegiya, izikhonkwane zivaliwe kumgama oziimitha ezingama-30 ukusuka kwi-Endowa Axis (ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuvuza). Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa ukuba iqela leentlobo ezininzi, ligculelwe ngokungqongqo kwi-Undova, linokupheliswa xa uphahla lomthi luyinto. Ke ngoko, ezinye iinkampani ziphakamisa ukuxhobisa i-Predava ngoncedo lweziqu eziqhelekileyo, zibabiza zisuka kwelinye icala kwizikimu ezahlukeneyo ("ukuthoba") kunye neGlue. Abaxhasi besi sigqibo bakholelwa ukuba i-volova iqulathe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezilandelelayo zibaluleke ngakumbi kwaye zingcono zinyamezele ukuthotyelwa kophahla.
Enye indawo enengxaki yophahla lelona candelo lolungelelwaniso lophahla kwiindonga, njl njl. Ewe. Akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwezi ndawo kuphela ngenxa yobubi beebits kunye nomphezulu we-cunction kunye nomgangatho obekiweyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuqala eludongeni okanye eludongeni lombhobho wekhaphethi okanye uphahla (nge-30 cm) kwaye uyivale ngepleyiti yentsimbi ekhethekileyo. Ilungisiwe eludongeni / ityhubhu ye-tube yendlela, kwaye indawo edibeneyo iphathwa ngophahla lukhuni.
Uphahla lubonelela ngezinto ezibonelela ngomoya ongenantlonelo. Kwi-hood yomoya kwindawo ye-skate, i-skite valve evela kwi-polyproplene phantsi kombala we-comating zifakwe. Ukuphucula umoya kwindawo yenkxaso-mali, iiwindows zase-Attic, imibhobho ebanzi yeflie ifakwe kwiivalva ezithandekayo. Izinto ezenziwa rhoqo zisetyenziswa ukufumana umoya ovuthuzayo, imibhobho yothungelelweyo, i-eriyali.
Kwinqaku
Xa ukhetha inkqubo yentshukumo yendlu yelizwe, kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba imingxunya yentsimbi ineengenelo ngaphezulu kwe-PVC. Ke, izinto zeplastiki aziqinisekanga, ayizichasanga kangako kwii-UV: Ukudinwa kunye ne-pigmentation kunokwenzeka. Ukulungelelaniswa kwengcaciso yobushushu ngamaxesha ama-4 ngaphezulu, okukhokelela kwimfuno yokusebenzisa izityholo kunye nootato -toli abakhethekileyo ngexesha lokufakwa kwenkqubo ye-hvc. Kanti intsimbi ayimfuneko. Ukongeza, iinkqubo ze-STE zensimbi zinokufakwa kuyo nayiphi na imozulu, kwaye yeplastiki Kukho iiplastiki kukho ukusikelwa kobushushu. Kwangelo xesha, iimveliso ze-PVC zixabiso eliphantsi, musa ukubekwa kwaye uqhelisele kwaye uqhelene.Ukufakwa kweetayile eziguquguqukayo zeTegola kwimifanekiso
Ukulungiselela amanzi ophahla kwisiseko esomeleleyo ukusuka kwi-OSS-3, i-bitumen ye-bitumen ye-bitumen ifakwe. Iqengqele ecaleni kwe-cornese Sweene, i-axis yesiphelo kunye nokuphela kophahla kwaye ilungise iipine ze-gavaniad kunye ne-bitumen mastics. Ifoto: Tegola.
I-apron yentsimbi ifakwe kumgangatho oqinileyo kwi-sink kunye nesiphelo. Emva koko, indawo yokunxibelelana nophahla nge-apron liphathwa nge-bitumen mastic. Ifoto: Tegola.
Xa ibeka iithayile zeTegola, onke amalungu othutho alwenziwa kwizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwemiceli mngeni. Kwaye iipleyiti zomqolo wokuqala (kwi-connese f]) zinqunywe ecaleni kwemigca ye-Groove ngesitshetshe esibukhali esine-bipd-scade kwaye siqale ukuhlangana. Ifoto: Tegola.
KwiCornice Sink, iiconi zilungisiwe nezipikili ze-galvani. Ifoto: Tegola.
Kukwakwiindawo ezinamakhonkco zilungisiwe kwi-bitumed bitumed bitumed bitume. Iithayile zibotshelela kwimigca yeGroove. Ifoto: Tegola.
Ukukhanya kwesibini kuyawa kumda wesamanda, banqunyulwa baze babambeke. Ifoto: Tegola.
Emva koko amaqula alungisiwe. Ifoto: Tegola.
Uthutho lwemigca elandelayo ihlala ilungiswa, inyuka ivela emaphandleni kwisiketi, ukusika iindawo ezikhulayo ngasemva komqolo. Ifoto: Tegola.
Ukuphepha i-Avalanche-njengekhephu, seka i-snowtores. Imilenze yabo ikhuselwe kwisiseko kwaye ivale iithayile zomqolo olandelayo. Ifoto: Tegola.
Iigonns eziphelweni zophahla zinqunyulwa idemon yomjelo wamanzi onyanzelekileyo athambekele kwi-apron. Ifoto: Tegola.
Phezu kwesi skate, into efakwe kwi-winentilation ifakiwe (i-aerator). Ifoto: Tegola.
Into yePophu ilungisiwe ngokuzicinezela, emva koko inxenye ephezulu yelo kuphela ivaliwe ngeethayile, apho i-Cooves ivulwe kwangaphambili. Isigqubuthelo sokukhusela sifakwe kwinxalenye yokuphuma kwe-aerator ene-ventilation. Ifoto: Tegola.
Emva koko qhubeka ufakelo lweethayile eziguquguqukayo zeBitumen e-Esandah. Ibekwe kwindawo ethi "Sublica". Okokuqala, ii-rits kwi-state ene-bias encinci kunye nobude zizinto zomqolo ngamnye, zihlala kwi-Endowa Axis kwenye ithambeka. Okulandelayo kubeka iikhanyezi kwisitokhwe esilandelayo. Ifoto: Tegola.
Nceda uqaphele: Kwindawo ebalaseleyo, umbandela umiselwe kuphela ngoncedo lomiso womisa okanye i-bitumen ye-bitume. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ungene kwi-tile yezipikili, ukuba isondele kune-30 cm ukuya kwi-axis ye-emgama kwindlela nganye. Ifoto: Tegola.
Iinxalenye ze-shingles ziphuma ngaphaya komgangatho zisikwe. Ifoto: Tegola.
Emva koko baqala ukunciphisa iithayile, zibekwe ecaleni kwesikelo esine-bias enkulu. Ifoto: Tegola.
Ukwenzela ukwandisa amandla okubanjwa, umsikisi wenziwa ngokufumana kwakhona kwi-Extow Axis nge-5-10 cm. Ifoto: Tegola
Umgca wokusika uxelwe ngepensile ekhethekileyo. Ifoto: Tegola.
IIMPENDULO ZEMIBUZO YEMIBUZO YOKUGQIBELA NGOKUFAKWA
1. Ndingazibeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani i-tiles eguquguqukayo?
Konke kuxhomekeke kwiziqinisekiso zabasebenzi kunye nobunzima bophahla. Indawo eyi-150 m² inokugutyungelwa malunga neentsuku ezintlanu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde: eyona nto iphambili ayikhawulezi, kodwa umgangatho womsebenzi. Ke, xa kumiswa uphahla, kuyafuneka ukunikela ingqalelo enkulu kulungiselelo lwesiseko phantsi kophahla kunye nolungiselelo lwepayi eluphahleni.2. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufake i-bitumen yedama le-pits kwiqondo lobushushu?
Ewe, kunokwenzeka, kodwa ukufezekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo, kunqweneleka ukugcina umsebenzi kwiqondo lobushushu ungaphantsi kwe-10 ° C. Kwangelo xesha, i-tile eguqukayo mayigcinwe kwigumbi le-Ota, londle eluphahleni kwiibatch ezincinci kwaye usebenzise i-thebords yokwakha i-thermal ukuya kwi-bithemen ye-bithemen (kunye noku Philisa i-bitumen mastic kunye nendawo yempahla.
3. Zithini izithintelo kwiJomemetri ye-koli ‰ shea ibeka i-tiles eguquguqukayo?
Izinto ezisetyenziswa eluphahleni lwawo nakuphi na ubunzima kunye nobume, kunye nokugqiba i-quities, kukungafumaneki kweethayile eziguquguqukayo. Kulula ukuyifaka kwaye ayinalwazi. Nokuba zezona zinto zakudala zezinto ezinzima zezinto ezinzima, inkqubo yomda wezinto azikho ngaphezulu kwe-5% yevolumu ephambili. Ukubeka i-coraight, kukho enye imfuneko - isiseko esomeleleyo.
4. Zeziphi izipikili ezilungisiweyo?
Kwizitshixo ezikhoyo, izikhonkwane ezikhethekileyo zophahla kufuneka zisetyenziswe-inkunkuma, kunye nobubanzi be-hat ukusuka kwi-9 mm. Babonelela nge-teaces ezixineneyo kunye ne-thales ezinokuthenjwa esisiseko. Abantu abazimasane benza ngokungqongqo ngokwemiyalelo: isikhonkwane ngasinye kufuneka sikhanya umphetho ophezulu wephepha lethayile lethayile. Xa ulele kwizikhephe ezinamathambeka ngaphezulu kwe-60 °, iikona eziphezulu ze-shingle kufuneka zidityaniswe zizikhonkwane ezimbini ezongezelelweyo. Kwintonga enethambeka elincinci, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 °, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokutshisa, eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwephahla lokuthoba.5. Ungayibeka njani i-tile?
Zininzi iindlela. Rhoqo, abaphahla bayagcwalisa impahla ye-rtanda eqengqelekayo ngesimilo semineral. Olu khetho kulula ukwenza, kodwa kungasoloko kubonakala ngathi kuyabonakala kwaye ngamanye amaxesha okungenakuthembeka (kuxhomekeke kumongo wophahla kunye nolwandiso lwe-ERTANDAND). Kwakhona, i-tile ibekwe yindlela ye-subles. Okokuqala, le nto ifakwe ecaleni kwethambeka kunye ne-bias encinci kunye nobude. Emva koko qalisa ukubeka isitayile kwi-scact esikufuphi, ngelixa amaqula anqunyulwe, awela i-Endowa Axis nge-5-10 cm, eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukwandisa amandla kunye nokuqina kwengqumbo. Kwindawo yokuphela, iithayile zeethayile zilungisiwe zisebenzisa umthetho wokwakha okanye i-bitumen mastic.
