Sixela ukuba luhlobo luni lophahla olukho kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba lusebenzise itekhnoloji yolwakhiwo lophahla kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo ekwakhiweni kwendlu esemgangathweni.
Iintlobo zophahla kwizakhiwo zokuhlala
Iipleyiti kunye ne-rafyla
Izisombululo zoyilo
Izixhobo
- amagqabi
- isiqwenga
- Amagatya
Uphahla lwee-tyycycrapers zedolophu kunye ne-cottages-gothy-gody engatshatanga inokuba nesisombululo esifanayo seNjineli. Kwimeko yokuqala, oku kuhlala kuyinto ethe tyaba eqingqiweyo kwi-SLAREETAL SLAB, kwisibini - inkqubo ye-rafter yenkuni, imiqadi yentsimbi okanye yezakhiwo ezomeleleyo zemveliso yomzi-mveliso. Kwenzeka ntoni, xa iirawters zisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezitsha ze-monolithic, kwaye icandelo eliphezulu le-cottage yindawo ethe tyaba, kodwa yinto nje engaphandle kwemithetho. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha amaninzi ngokubanzi ngaphezu komehluko. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezindlu, iintlobo ezifanayo zophahla ezifanelekileyo.
Uphahla luhlelwa luyilo, ubume kunye nempahla yokuhamba.
Ukwahlulahlulwa kwesixhobo sobugcisa
Rafyla
Esi sisikhephe esisekwe kwiindonga zendlu. Esi sigqibo sasixhaphakile. Ikuvumela ukuba uphumeze nasiphi na isisombululo sobutyebi. Ukuthembeka akubanga nabuphi na amathandabuzo - le ndlela iye yangqina ngokugqibeleleyo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi.
Qinisa iplate yekhonkrithi
Isitovu sibekwe ngokuthe tye nokuba kwi-engile encinci ukuze amanzi emvula angalibaziseka kumphezulu wayo. Umyili uyakuvuyela apha kusenokungabi ngaphantsi kwemeko yokuqala. Indiza ngokwayo ayibonakali, kodwa akukho nto ithintela igadi kuyo, yenza ichibi okanye ibala lezemidlalo. Iindidi zophahla lwezakhiwo zendawo yokuhlala zinokusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo lwabucala. Kutshanje, kwiilali zelizwe, ngakumbi kwaye ezinye izakhiwo zanamhlanje zivela kwisimbo sobudala, ezibonakaliswa bubuso obucacileyo kunye nee-engile ezichanekileyo.
Ukwahlulahlulwa kwifom
- Uphahla olucekeceke.
- Enye.
- Phinda kabini.
- Dome kunye ne-conical.
Hlala kunye neentlobo ezintsonkothileyo.
I-walm
Ziqulathe iindiza ezine. Imiphezulu evela kwiziphelo zesakhiwo i-triangles, ngaphambili nangasemva nangasemva zinemilo yetrapezium. Iinxalenye zonxantathu zibizwa ngokuba yiValmami.
Ipolvim
Abafikeleli uNiza ngokwahlukileyo kumqolo kunye namacala akwi-faecade, owenza uyilo oluyinto efana nenkqubo ye-tie.
Yaphukile
Isiketi ngasinye sahlulahlulwe kwisiqingatha sokufakwa ngaphakathi kwicala langaphandle. Ukwamkelwa okunjalo kunokwandisa indawo ye-attic, ukuyiguqula ibe ngumgangatho wesibini owosibini. Uyilo olulula kunye neendleko eziphantsi zenza esi sisombululo sobunjineli ngeyona ixhaphakileyo.
Uhlobo oluninzi
Kukho iseti entsonkothileyo yezakhiwo ezibini kunye nezona zine-semineds ezijolise kwindlela ezazikhutshelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Zidityanisiwe
Le yindibaniselwano yazo zonke izinto ezilapha ngasentla. Ukubonakala koyilo lwesakhiwo kunokuba kukutshutshiswa kwaye kunciphile, kungabi nakuphi na ukuphambuka.
Iindidi zezinto ezihlahlayo kwizakhiwo zokuhlala
Amagqabi
Oku kubandakanya impahla yentsimbi, i-polymer kunye namanye amaphepha.Isilayidi
Ezi ziiphaneli zeWavy ezivela kwi-Asbestos kunye nesamente. Kumsebenzi wezezindlu, isetyenziswa kancinci kwaye incinci, ukusukela ngonxibelelwano lwexesha elide le-Asbestos kuyingozi kwimpilo. Izinto ezibonakalayo zilungele izakhiwo zekhaya. Iimveliso zinobude obungaphantsi kwe-1.75 m kwaye bububanzi ukusuka kwi-0.98 ukuya kwi-1.13 m. Ubunzima buvela kwi-10 ukuya kwi-15 kg. Ingakwazi ukubekwa xa i-bias ukusuka kwi-12 ukuya kwi-60 degrees. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa bubrazi kwikhreyithi yemitya yemikhumbi enezipikili. Ukusuka ngasentla kwikhreyithi ngaphambi kokufaka, kuyimfuneko ukulala ungqimba lwamanzi. Isilayidi ifunxa umswakama kakuhle, ngoko ke ukubumba kwaye moss kunokubonakala ebusweni bakhe.
I-Onulin
I-Polymer iqulunqa ngokuxhathisa kakhulu kwimithwalo kunye neqondo lobushushu liye. Ukutshintshwa okufanelekileyo kwecandelo. I-Ontiulin inokusetyenziswa kwi-angle egxunyekileyo yotyekelo oluvela kwi-6 degrees. Iqhotyoshelwe kwikhreyithi enezipikili ezizodwa. Ubude obumiselweyo - 2 m, ububanzi - i-0.96 m. Ubunzima - 6.5 kg. Ngokungafaniyo neqabane lakhe, ijongeka intle kwaye ayizibeki nasiphi na isoyikiso kwimpilo. Ayibizi kakhulu. I-COOGE ikhuselwe kakuhle kwaye inokusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa iindawo ezintsonkothileyo. Iimpawu ezingalunganga ziyavutha kwaye zilula.
Unjingalwazi
Ngamaphepha amane. Iprofayili inokugudisa okanye ihlaziye. Intsimbi igutyungelwe ngumaleko wePolymer oPOKUKhusela ukuthintela ukuvela. Ubuncinci bokufumana i-angle i-10 degrees. Ufakelo lwenziwa kwisikrelemnqa. Njengesiseko, isibakala sakudala esidala sinokusetyenziswa, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni ayiniki kwaye ayiqokeleli ukufuma, ekhokelela kwimbonakalo yokubumba. Ngeempawu eziphakathi zokuhombisa, iindleko ziphantsi.
I-tile yentsimbi.
Lo ngumgangatho wobungcali, ukuxelisa i-ceiramic tile. Ngeenkcukacha zobugcisa, ezi zixhobo azifani ngokwahlukileyo. I-tile yentsimbi ijongeka kakhulu kwaye iphantse yahlukile kwi-ceramics yokwenyani. Umsebenzi wokufakelwa unokwenziwa yedwa, njengoko ubunzima kunye nobungakanani beepaneli buncinci.
Amaphepha asongelweyo
Uphahla lwangoku, olusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kweendawo zabucala kunye nezakhiwo ezinamagumbi amaninzi. Inomphezulu ogudileyo. Uncedo lwedala ukudibanisa, abo babizwa ngokuba bubuxoki. Ziphelile zigobile ukuze enye ifakwe kwenye. Zininzi iindlela zokukhetha ezo "zitshixo". Iindidi zophahla olusongelayo zahlukile komnye nomnye ngendlela yokufakwa. Ngokwesiqhelo, amalungu alungiselelwe ezantsi kwindawo yokwakha, emva koko wafaka ikhreyithi usebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa. Uyilo olubunjiweyo aludingi amalungiselelo anjalo. Itekhnoloji eqengqelekayo ikwasetyenziswa, apho izinto ezivela khona ziguqulwe zibe ngumqeshwa ngaphambi kokulungiselela.
Inketho yokugqibela yeyona mpawu ifanelekileyo nezobuchwephesha iphantsi komgangatho oqeqeshiweyo, ukuba sithelekisa iimveliso zensimbi. Kufanelekile ukuba iphantsi kakhulu. Amaphepha obhedu noluhlaza, abonakaliswa ngokunyusa ukuthembeka. Ubomi babo benkonzo bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-75. Zezona zibiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nabalingane babo. Omnye umzobo uyifumene iMpazamo yokuKhanya. Xa ufaka, kubalulekile ukuba ubeke umaleko wokufakelwa. I-inshurensi yesandi ayinzakalisi, njengoko isinyithi sidlulisela isandi.
I-angle yotyekelo lwazo zonke iintlobo zokuhambisa ukungqengqa akufuneki zibe ngaphezulu kwe-3 degrees. Ukuncamathisela kwamalungu kwenziwa yimigca emincinci yentsimbi, ubhedu okanye ialuminiyam, ebizwa ngokuba zii-bulbs.
Iimveliso zemveliso
I-tile
Ezi ziipleyiti ze-ceramic ezibekwe yimiqolo yobhedu. I-TIILE isebenza kakuhle. Ubomi bayo bungaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100. Ayitshisanga, ayidali iingxaki kwi-microclive yekhaya kwaye ikhutshelwa ngokulula. Ukuchitha umsebenzi, umntu omnye ukwanele. I-chaas kufuneka isusela nge-25 ukuya kwengama-60 degrees. Inokuba ngaphezulu, kodwa ke ezinye izinto ezongezelelweyo ziya kufuneka. Ukuba ngaphantsi, kuya kufuneka ubeke umaleko wokungasebenzi kwamanzi. Ukufakwa kwenziwa kusetyenziswa izipikili kunye nezikrikhi ezifakwe kumngxunya okhethekileyo. Iplate ephezulu iqhagamshelwe ezantsi kwivenkile ekhethekileyo. I-Ceramics iyabiza, kodwa ixabiso lihlawula ukuthembeka kunye nobuhle.
Isanti-cel
Akubonakali kubi, kodwa ubomi benkonzo yabo izihlandlo ezithathu zimfutshane. Kulula, inamandla afanayo, ukumelana neekhemikhali zobundlobongela. Idlulisela kwimijikelezo eyi-1000 yokukhupha kunye nokutsala, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kuqhelekile njenge-prototype yayo.
Iipleyiti ze-shale
Mhlawumbi eyona nto iphambili kakhulu, kwaye ayimangalisi. Ithayile nganye yenziwa ngesandla kwi-SUME. Isixhobo sinemithunzi yendalo emdaka. I-1 m2 ngobukhulu be-4 mm inobunzima obuyi-25 kg. Ububanzi obumiselweyo buyi-15 okanye i-30 cm, ubude bungama-20 nama-60 cm. Eyona cala lethambeka lingama-25 degrees. Intaba yenziwa kwikhreyithi yomthi enobhedu okanye kwi-GAAND e-10 cm ubude.
Iindidi zophahla oluthambileyo
I-hydroizol
Weza endaweni yembaleki yesiqhelo. Ithengiswa ngoRolls kwaye yabekwa kwi-bitumed enyibilikisiweyo, ifudumele yirhasi yegesi. Isiseko sayo senziwe nge-polyester, itreyter yeglasi okanye ifibdlass. I-polyester ilunge ngakumbi kumgangatho, kodwa ibiza kakhulu. I-Glassball kungcono ukusebenzisa apho amandla aphezulu angadingeki. Phambi kokuba uqale ulele, kufuneka ubeke i-disserlise, kwaye ukusuka phezulu-ukusuka phezulu-i-waterprooferfer. Naxa ifakwe i-10 cm kukho ithuba lokuba ukuqina kuya kuba akonelanga.
I-tiles eguquguqukayo
Iveliswa ngesiseko sonyulo seglasi, ifakwe i-bitumes kunye nezongezo zokulungisa. Inxalenye yangaphandle inomzobo, ukuxelisa i-tile. Umaleko we-crum yezimbiwa isetyenziselwa kuyo okhusela imiphumo yokukhanya kwelanga kunye nokwenza imvakalelo yelitye okanye i-ceramics. I-canvas ibila amashiti e-plywood ye-pulywood enesiqingatha esifanelekileyo. Isiseko kufuneka siqinile. Izixhobo zinokusetyenziswa kunye nezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo apho kuguquguqukayo kunye neempawu eziphezulu zokuhombisa ziyafuneka.
I-polymer memmbranes
Iveliswe kwirabha, i-polyvinyl chlorick kunye ne-thermoplastic olefins ukuya kwi-weld yedys ngomoya oshushu okanye ovuthayo. Umsebenzi awuhlali ixesha elininzi. Ukudibana kuyahlala kwaye kungahlala ukuya kwiminyaka engama-50. Ayiphoswa ngumswakama. Xa usebenzisa i-IT, ukuSebenzisa amanzi akunyanzelekanga. I-membranes imele njenge-tele eguqukayo, kodwa ayifani neempawu eziphakamileyo zokuhombisa.
Uphahla lukhuni
Olu luhlu lwamastiki, xa ubeka iqabaka kwaye wenza i-questic. Isetyenziswa kwisiseko esomeleleyo nge-angle yotyekelo olungabi ngaphezu kwama-25 ngama-25. Ukuba i-engile ingaphezulu kwe-3 degrees, uyakufuna i-griding reriding. I-mastic isetyenziswa kwimigca eliqela ubukhulu be-1 cm kunye nomphezulu wezimbiwa ezikhuselayo kwilanga. Isiseko sinokuboniswa ukubaleka. Ngaphandle kokulahleka kwesihlobo, kumphezulu onjalo kunokuhamba. Esi sisisombululo esihle sezixhobo zefowuni kwi-rough yophahla. Izixhobo zokuhambisa amanzi aziyi kudingeka, njengoko ukungqengqeleka kuyinto enkulu.
