Izinhlelo ze-alamu yomlilo ziyindlela yesimanje yokuthola umlilo othomathikhi esigabeni sokuqala sokwenzeka kwayo.
I-Laser Smoke Linector Detector nge-Receiver neTransmitter - Esimweni esisodwa- futhi simboze
I-Point Smoce "Uchungechunge lwe-" Profi "
Ama-combiro-bath "ama-Smoke-Heat" Detators - Ikheli
onobuhlakani
Bezadrescent
Umtshina we-besadress ohlukile we-besadress ochungechungeni lwe-eco
Ikheli-Analog Manual Incwajana yochungechunge lwe-ECO
Ikheli kanye ne-analog detholi - Spot Smoce;
Umehluko omkhulu
Umhloli we-laser wokuqinisekiswa okukude kwempilo "enengqondo" yezinzwa zentuthu
Emagazini wangaphambilini walo magazini, saxoxa ngokucima umlilo okuyisisekelo. Kepha kufanele isetshenziswe, ukuthola kuphela umlilo. U-Achto uzokwenzeka uma umlilo wokuqala ungavezi ngesikhathi? Kulungile, inkinga enkulu futhi engenakulungiswa izokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngezindlela zesimanje zokutholwa komlilo okuzenzakalelayo esigabeni sokuqala sokuvela kwaso kwezinhlelo ze-alamu yomlilo.
Ngubani okufanele athole umlilo?
Eminyakeni engu-150 eyengeziwe edlule, izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokutholwa komlilo kwakungukubanzisekile - isakhiwo esiphakeme kakhulu edolobheni. Ngezexwayiso, kwakukulula ngisho nokungena emgwaqweni futhi kumemeze kakhulu: "Umlilo!" Bonke abazozwa okwakufanele bagijime ekucimekeni kwakhe ekucimekeni kwakhe, "Ngubani onesiphazamisi, esiphethe ibhakede."Ngokwemvelo, lezi zimali zahlala kude kakhulu esikhathini esidlule. Ukuze kulungiswe umlilo esiteji sokuqala, lapho kubizwa ngokuthi umlilo, manje izinhlelo zanamuhla zokutholwa nezinhlelo ze-alamu zomlilo zisetshenziswa (ATP). Zenzelwe ukulawulwa kwe-Round-the-Clock yento evikelwe kanye nokuqwashisa komnikazi mayelana nezimpawu zokuqala zomlilo noma intuthu. Ukwakha amasistimu anjalo, Ukusetshenziswa: Ukutholwa kwamadivayisi - Izinzwa zomlilo (ezibizwa nge-Fires ngokunembile zokuthola), amadivaysi okusetshenzelwana (athola futhi alawule amadivayisi - I-PCP) kanye nemishini yokuqwashisa). Bazibathela amafemu anjengo-Esper (Austria), iTyxecom nePyronix (United Kingdor), i-Securiton (eSwitland), i-ESMI (e-USA), i-Ademco- USA), i-ADEMCO- ISAVE kanye ne-rubizh "(i-saratov" (i-saratov), i-IVS-Talkspetsamatamatomatika (Obninsk), i-NVP "Bolid" (Korolev), "i-Argaba-Spectr" kanye ne- "IRetter-SpectR" kanye ne- "Novosibirksk)," Radii "(Casli), njll.
Izinzwa zomtshina womlilo
Yizo izici eziphambili zezinhlelo zokugxila kokugxila komlilo. Okokuqala, ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kohlelo kuncike ekuzwela kwabo nasekuthemulweni komsindo. Izakhamizi, ukubhema, ukutholwa okushisayo kanye namadivayisi okuthola amalangabi avulekile kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Njengomthetho, yonke "imibundu", okungukuthi, kubangelwa uma kudlula i-parameter ebekiwe evunyelwe.
Imishini yokuthola intuthu. Intuthu isibonakaliso esibonisa kakhulu somlilo esigabeni sayo sokuqala. Ukulinganisa ukugcwala kwentuthu emoyeni, inzwa futhi "iphetha" mayelana nokuba khona kokulahla. Imishini yokuthola intuthu ihlukaniswe ngamaphuzu nomugqa.
Khomba Khiqiza izilinganiso endaweni lapho efakiwe. Indawo eyatholakala ngengozi evela ePhoyinti Detectors isebenzisa kuphela i-Photeelectric. Ngaphakathi kwensiza enjalo, igumbi lokulinganisa elinomthombo wokukhanya kanye ne-photodet lifihliwe. Izinhlayiya zentuthu ezingena eChamber zishintsha ukukhanya komoya futhi zisuse ukusakaza okukhanyayo. Lezi zinguquko futhi zibamba i-photonet. Kepha emiklamo ehlukene ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kuqopha okubuthakathaka okuphelele kwe-flux ekhanyayo (uma itholakala ngokuqinile maqondana nomthombo wokukhanya). Ngasekupheleni komucu (I-PhotoDector itholakala ngakwesokunene emthonjeni wokukhanya). Esokuqala sezinsimbi ezichazwe zizwela kakhulu, kepha zingamelana kangako ekuphazanyisweni (ngokwesibonelo, othulini) futhi zidinga ukulungiswa njalo. Okwesibili kubucayi kancane, kepha umsindo ongamelana kabanzi. Ngokuyinhloko futhi asetshenziswa lapho kudala i-ATP ezindlini zangasese. Imvamisa ifakwe ngaphansi kophahla, njengoba amagesi ashisayo nentuthu kukhuphuka. Isikwele esilawulwa umtshina owodwa wentuthu kungaba ku-80m2. Noma ngabe indawo ifakwe lapho inzwa ifakwa khona incane kakhulu kunaleli nani, ukwandisa ukuthembeka kokutholwa kokulahla, kufanele kufakwe kuwo okungenani imitshina emibili yomlilo. Lapho usebenzisa ophahleni olumisiwe kanye nama-gasket kubo, i-wiring yamandla kufanele ivikele isikhala sangaphansi ngezinzwa zentuthu ehlukile.
Ake sixoxe ngale mibuzo ngesibonelo sokuthola izithonjana zePoint Chimney. Ukuzwela kwezinzwa kungaba phezulu, okuphakathi nendawo futhi okuphansi, kepha kufanele kube phakathi kuka-0.05 kuya ku-0.2 dB / m (Kuyinto ngqo efomula elinzima ku-insizana ngobuningi, kuyisiko ukukala ukuzwela, okujwayelekile Inzwa yentuthu kufanele isebenze uma intuthu esizeni sokufakwa kwayo ibangela ukuba buthaka ukukhanya kude kwe-1 m nge-1.1-4.5%). Ukukhipha imishiniko kukhona amandla okuguqula ukuzwela, okwenziwa ngukushintshwa okukhethekile okufakwe odongeni olungemuva. Kungaba yisikhundla sesibili (ukushintshwa kusuka phezulu ngokushesha kuya emkhawulweni ophansi) kanye nesikhundla esiphezulu (ukushintshwa kusuka kukhawula phezulu kuya kwesilinganiso esiphansi, ngokwesibonelo ku-Leoning sensor ). Kungcono ukukhetha umtshina onoMlawuli wesikhundla ezintathu. Ngani? Kwenzelwe umkhawulo ophezulu wokuzwela, idivaysi ibhekana nokuqukethwe kwentuthu okungenani emoyeni futhi "kungasebenza" hhayi kuphela lapho kuthobeka lapho kuthobeka noma kusebenza kwe-toaster ekhishini (cishe kulezi "izimpendulo zamanga" ezifanayo). Ukuzwela okuncane kungenzeka kungabi ngokwanele. Kubukeka sengathi inzwa kufanele isebenze, futhi iyathula ngenkani. " Ngokunokwenzeka, uzohlela izinga eliphakathi lokuzwela. I-Adlitor enomlawuli wesikhundla ezimbili futhi yancishwa. Izinzwa zanoma yiluphi uhlobo zidinga ukunakekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokunembile, ukulungiswa. Kungani kunesidingo? Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuhwamuka nothuli kuzobhujiswa emishini ngaphansi kophahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sixazulula "lezi" zintelezi "hhayi kuphela ezindlini, kodwa futhi ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokulinganisa, zinciphise ukusakaza okukhanyayo lapho idivaysi ilungiselelwe khona, futhi ibangele ukuphendula okuthiwa yinga. Kuma-non-axes (ukudubula emoyeni ngaphakathi kwekhamera) Izinhlayiya zothuli izinzwa zihlangana ngendlela efanayo nakumusi. "I-Trigger Yamanga" - Into Yabanikazi Inkulu Kamnandi Kamnandi Kakhulu: Akukho okushile, futhi inzwa ngokuqhubekayo izibonakaliso: "Umlilo!" Ngasikhathi sinye, abanikazi banovalo futhi baphule ikhanda: "Futhi kuthiwani uma kukhona okuvuthayo endlini, futhi asibonisi ?! Ukuvimbela uthuli ekungeneni egumbini lokulinganisa, abakhiqizi bakuvikele kunalokho okuyinkimbinkimbi, cishe i-labyrinth design futhi banciphise i-geometry yecala, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise amathuba okuthi "amaphutha angamanga". Uthuli lwezocansi, ngokwemvelo, kuyadingeka ukususa ngezikhathi ezithile. Kepha uma ungakhathazeki, akulula ukususa noma yini kusuka ezindlini, khona-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuyikhipha ngelebhu. I-Optigeed Optics futhi icindezele, kungenzeka ukwephula ukuqondanisa (i-Optics kuleli cala sebenzisa okuncane kakhulu)Ngokuvamile, kungcono ukushaja ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe abazofika ngezikhathi ezithile endlini.
Imishini yokuthola intuthu. Ziqukethe izinto ezimbili, ezikhumbuza ngaphandle kwamakhamera wokubhekwa kwevidiyo, - ama-emitter ne-recerter eguqukayo. Zifakwe komunye nomunye ezindongeni eziphambene zegumbi ("Ipdl" kusuka polyservis, intengo ingama- $ 95; "Spek-2210" Intengo- $ 230; "6424" kusuka enkazishweni yohlelo, intengo ngu- $ 540). Esikhathini sokuqala, amamodeli aqhamuke lapho zombili lezi zinto ezihlanganiswe ecaleni elijwayelekile - kulokhu, ngokungafani nommangaliso, kukhona i-Emitter ("6500" no- "6500" kusuka inzwa yohlelo). I-Emitter ingaba infrared noma i-laser, isebenza uhla olubonakalayo lokukhanya okubomvu. Ukubukeka kwentuthu esikhaleni phakathi kwe-transmitter kanye nokwamukelayo (noma phakathi kwe-transceiver kanye ne-reflector) kubangela ukuba buthaka ukukha okukhanyayo okutholakele. Ubukhulu balokhu buthaka futhi bulungisa umguquli owemukelayo. Futhi uma kwenzeka kudlula umkhawulo ofakwe, "Umlilo" okhiqizayo.
Izinzwa ezithembekile zinenzuzo kuphela emakamelweni amakhulu, ngoba zitholakala endaweni ethile endaweni esukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwayi-100 kanye ne-18 m (okungukuthi, zinikeza ukulawula indawo kusuka ku-90 kuya ku-1000-2000m2). Ngokuvamile, umtshina owodwa oqondile uyakwazi ukufaka indawo enamaphuzu ayishumi nambili, okungahle kungazuzise hhayi ngokwezomnotho kuphela, kodwa futhi kusukela lapho kubukwa khona lapho kungukubukwa kokwakheka kwegumbi. Kepha kukhona ababi. Isikhathi sokuphendula samadivayisi sincike kwivolumu ngisho nokucushwa kwegumbi. "I-FALSE TRIGGER" ingadala ushintsho olubukhali ngokukhanya okuqondile nokukhombisa ukukhanya, imibani iyavutha, kanye noshintsho esimweni esilinganayo sezingxenye.
Imishini yokushisa umlilo. Izinto ezibucayi zokuthola izitholi ze-thermal zingaba: amapuleti e-bimetallic (ngokwesibonelo, ku "IP-103-5" kusuka ku- "Kombroyservis" kuvela ku- "IP 101--1a", Ama-semibenductor atmitors, njll.
Ngokomthetho wokusebenza, abakwa-Thermal abatholayo bahlukaniswe ngama-passive (othintana naye) futhi abasebenzayo (nge-elekthronikhi). I-Passive ayisebenzisi ugesi futhi isebenze kanjena: lapho igumbi egumbini lifinyelela ebucayi (i-70c), into ebucayi noma ikhiqiza umkhawulo othile), noma iphule / i-Thermoelectric Effect), noma ivale ukuthintana nomjikelezo kagesi , ngaleyo ndlela ukondla i-alamu. Amadivayisi asebenzayo asebenzisa ugesi, kepha anikeze imininingwane hhayi kuphela ukufeza izinga lokushisa elibucayi endaweni evikelekile, kepha into esemqoka kanye noshintsho ngesilinganiso sokushisa okukhulayo. Babizwa ngokuthi abakwa-Directial Detectors. Ngaphakathi kwezindlu zabo kukhona into engeyona eyodwa, kepha ezimbili zithintana ngqo nemvelo yangaphandle, enye ifihlwe ngaphakathi kwezindlu. Uma amazinga okushisa ngesikhathi somlilo ukhula ngokushesha, idivaysi ilungisa umehluko ekufundeni kwezinto ezibucayi futhi ithumela i-alamu kwi-PCP ("Ifomethi ye-MOSC, intengo inama-ruble angama-215;" IP 115 -1 "kusuka ku-" Magneto-oxhumana naye ", Ryazan, intengo- 315 ama-ruble;" 5451E "kusuka enzwa yohlelo). Uma izinga lokushisa likhula kancane (khona-ke izinga lokushisa lezinto ezahlukahlukene liyahlukahluka), idivaysi ilungisa inani le-threshold ngokweqile futhi lithumela i-alamu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uma izitholi ze-therrmal ezishisayo zilungele ukuthola imililo evulekile yamalangabi, ephelezelwa yinani eliphakeme kakhulu levelu lokushisa eliphakeme (libangelwa lapho kuvunyelwe khona ilangabi elivuthayo, lapho kungekho ilangabi elivulekile , futhi amazinga okushisa aqala ukukhula, kepha ngejubane elithi "elingamukeleki". Lokhu kuchaza iqiniso lokuthi izinzwa ezibonakalayo zisetshenziswa kamuva ezinhlelweni ze-alamu ezivame kakhulu (futhi lokhu yize kubiza kakhulu - ama-ruble aphansi aphansi. Abasebenzisi bakhetha izinzwa zibiza kakhulu, kepha zibangelwa esigabeni sokuqala sokwehluka komlilo. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa lapho imishini yokuthola umlilo flue zizonikeza ama-alamu wamanga, isibonelo ekhishini, eshaweni, amakamelo okubhema, njll. Ezakhiweni njengama-boilers, lapho ukwenyuka okusheshayo kwezinga lokushisa kuyinto evamile khona, imikhawulo yokutholwa komkhawulo ezindaweni zokuthola ama-70% lapha izonikeza ama-alamu wamanga.
I-Optical Open Flame Detame. Kuyacaca ukuthi noma iyiphi inkambu yokuvutha ingumthombo wemisebe ye-optical ebangeni kusuka ku-infraviolet. Ukutholwa kwemisebe enjalo usebenzisa idivaysi yokuhlelwa kwezithombe ekuboneni okuphezulu kokubukeka okuphezulu ku-ultraviolet noma i-infrared esifundeni, kepha akunandaba nengxenye ebonakalayo ye-spectrum, futhi kungumsebenzi wezinto zokutholwa kwamalangabi avulekile.
Ukuthengiswa Ungathola ikakhulukazi izinsimbi zokukhanya ezibonakalayo (ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge lwezinzwa "Pulsar" kusuka ku-KB "Idivayisi ye-Yekaterinburg, Intengo - ukusuka ku-1360 kuya ku-2260 kuya ku-2260 kuya ku-" nge-Photocronron "). Inzwa kuzo ingabe ifakwe kwisiguquli sokwamukela futhi ikude. Esimweni sokugcina, inzwa ifakwa ngqo endaweni elawulwayo futhi ixhumeke kwalowo owamukelayo ngaphandle kwalo, ikhebula le-fiber optic (ubude bafinyelela ku-20 m).
Ama-Optical Detoctors amadivaysi amancane, anesikhathi sokutholwa komlilo omncane. I-engela yokutholwa - 90-120, ibanga - kusuka ku-13 kuye ku-32 m. Bangakwazi ukubona bobabili i-foci ekhanyayo futhi evulekile ilangabi. Okubi kwabo ukuthi uma ukuxoxisana kubhekwa ngokweqile izinto noma ifenisha yokwakha, umtshina ngeke awulungise. Izicelo zibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukubukeka okusheshayo kwelangabi kungenzeka ngaphandle kwentuthu (amagalaji, indawo yokugcina izinto, igumbi elinemishini kagesi). Isibonelo, emagalaji lapho kungenzeka khona uphethiloli neminye imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, okungenani amadivayisi amabili anjalo kufanele afakwe, ukuze imoto isikhungonke ingabambi ilangabi.
Abakwa-Combined Storictors Kunedivaysi ehlanganisiwe yezinzwa ezimbili ezindlini eyodwa ezilawulwa yi-microcircuit eyodwa. Isibonelo, umtshina "i-IP212 / 101-2" uchungechunge "Eco" kusuka enkazisweni yesistimu (intengo ama-ruble angama-320) ihlanganisa imisebenti yokwehlukana kakhulu yentuthu-elekhresi kanye ne-thermal, ngenxa yanoma yimuphi umlilo ( Njengokwesaba, ngakho-ke futhi kubhema, kepha ngokwanda kwamazinga okushisa). Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi imishini yokuthola lolu hlobo isanda muva nje, ngoba abathengi basuswa esidlweni sokukhulisa izinhlobo ezimbili zenzwa nokushisa egumbini elilodwa (isidingo esinjalo kwesinye isikhathi, ngamagalaji). Kuyafaneleka idivaysi enjalo, ngokwemvelo, ebiza kakhulu kunokubhema okuhlukile noma okushisayo, kepha kushibhile kunawokubili, okuhlanganisiwe (intuthu "ip212-58" - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-227 - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-217) - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-217) - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-217).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umtshina ohlanganisiwe muhle, ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi ubone imililo yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ukubhema nokuvungu ngovuvuli, kepha kungabhemi. Futhi ngokuvamile, amadivaysi amancane afakiwe, a adinga ukunikezwa. Izinhlangothi, njengoba wazi, ukuthembeka kwanoma yimaphi amadivaysi ahlanganisiwe kuhlale kuphansi kunokulunga. Ngakho-ke uma uthola inzwa ehlanganisiwe, bese ethembeke kakhulu futhi esuka enkampanini eyaziwayo.
Ukuthola Manual - Lezi "izinkinobho ze-alamu" ezisebenza ukondla isiginali yomlilo "ngesandla" (ngokwesibonelo, uma zitholwa ngaphambi kokuthi "zibangele" izinzwa zohlelo lwe-alamu). Zifakwe emikhondweni yokuphuma emkhuhlane (emaphareji, ama-aisdors, kumaseli esiteji, njll. Ekuphakameni kwe-1.5 m kusuka ezingeni eliphansi) okungenani eyodwa ngayinye yezindlela, futhi uma kunesidingo, emakamelweni ahlukene. Imibhalo yezemibhalo eyakhiwe yezakhiwo kumele ibe kuzo zonke izitebhisi zesitezi ngasinye (NPB 88-2001 *). Izindawo zokufakwa kwazo kufanele zibe nokukhanyisa okwenziwe.
Abazimele. Kungenzeka ukudala i-alamu yomlilo yokuqala ngokufaka izitholi ze-flue ezizimele, ngokwesibonelo, eyodwa ngekamelo ngalinye (uma lincane). I-Autonomonous Lawa madivayisi abizwa ngoba ngaphakathi kwawo wonke kuwo kukhona umthombo wamandla ozimele (ibhethri yohlobo lweCroon, "Corundum" - okumele aguqulwe ngezikhathi ezithile (cishe kanye ngonyaka). Kepha uhlelo luzimele ngokuphelele ekubeni khona kwamandla kagesi asetshenziselwa inethiwekhi (akudingi). Ngaphezu kwebhethri, into ebucayi (inzwa yentuthu) ifihliwe ngaphakathi kwezindlu kanye ne-unisen), umsindo onezinga levolumu le-85-120 dB. I-inxisto ngemuva kokuthi inzwa ibuhlungu izoba "ukumemeza" kuze kube yilapho uphambane noma ibhethri ngeke lihlale phansi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abatholi abazimele babiza kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ("kwendabuko"), lapho kungekho mthombo wamandla, noma umkhosi, uhlelo lwe-alamu yomlilo olususelwa ezintweni ezizimele lunezindleko ezincane, ngoba lungenazo izintambo, ukwamukela kanye namadivayisi alawulayo futhi adingekayo kubo. Imisebenzi yohlelo lwamandla wesipele. Ukuphela kohlobo lokunakekelwa okufunwa ngokuzimele okufunwa ngokuzimele kuhlanjululwa othulini. Okubi ukuthi inzwa ngayinye isebenza ngokwayo futhi, ekupheleni kwendlu, awukwazi ukuzwa i-alamu.
Kuze kube muva nje, abatholi abazimele bokukhiqizwa kwangaphandle batholakala kuphela: Dicon, Brk - $ 20-25, kanye namamodeli amaningana aseChina, cishe ama- $ 15. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwabo lwe-serial luye lwazi kahle imboni yasekhaya: "IP212-50m" kusuka ku- "Rowzha" (Saratov), intengo ama-ruble angama-420; "DIP-47" kusuka ku- "Agata" (Obninsk), intengo ama-ruble angama-435, nabanye. Futhi, ngokusho kochwepheshe, lezi zinhlobo aziphansi kokungenisa futhi zize zidlule. Isibonelo, idivaysi ethi "IP212-43" ("DIP-43") Kusuka ku- "Hallospetsatomatics" akuyona into eyodwa, kepha izinhlobo eziningana zokukhanya nezimpawu ezinemisindo- "Ukunakwa", "Umlilo", " Kungenzeka ubuyekeze isimo, ungabe usabona okwenzekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunikeza isibonakaliso sokuthi ibhethri lakhishwa. Futhi ekuthengisweni ungathola izithonjana zokukhiqiza ezizimele. Isibonelo, amafemu "Kirilaki" (Yekatetinburg) kanye ne-Kidde Ezokuphepha (i-USA) akhiqiza umtshina we-DE-9 angaxhunyiwe ku-9, intengo- $ 18.
Imodeli ye- "Advanced" eningi yamadivayisi azimele, okuxhumayo ngocingo olungatholwa ngocingo (ithusi) lungatholwa ukuthola uhlelo lokusayina (kodwa ngaphandle kwephaneli yokulawula). Ukusebenza kwenzwa eyodwa kuyo kubangela abanye bonke abanye. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, abakwa-Detoms anjenge- "EI 100C" (EI Ltd, Ireland, $ 17), "DIP-43M" ("IVS Talkspetsavtomatika", intengo iruble ama-576.) Nabanye. Isibonakaliso sohlelo olunjalo okuqinisekisiwe ukuzwa lapho bekungeke kube khona gumbi. Lokhu kuyinto futhi. Ama-minus ukubhekana namahemuhemu, lapho kwakuwumlilo owenzekile, kunzima. Ngemuva kwakho konke, "Buzz" ngokushesha konke!
Izinhlelo ze-alamu yomlilo
Imvamisa, izinhlelo ze-alamu yomlilo ziqukethe izinzwa zomtshina ezibalwe ngenhla izinhlobo, kanye nephaneli yokuthola nokulawula (idivaysi) - I-PCP ethola amasiginali awo. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zochwepheshe ziyisiko ukubiza ngendabuko. Isikhathi esithile, izinhlobo ezintathu eziphambili zalolo hlelo zihlukaniswa: okungelona elemfundo, ikheli, ikheli le-analog.Izinhlelo ezingezona ezemfundo Hlela umkhawulo (flue, okushisayo, amalangabi) kanye nokutholwa ngesandla okuxhunywe kwi-PCP ngocingo (kubizwa nangokuthi umugqa noma i-loop). Izinzwa azinalo ikheli labo le-imeyili, elizobikwa ekude. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho omunye wabo ebangelwa, ayiboni inombolo yayo, noma igumbi lapho likhona. Inombolo ye-loop kuphela (imigqa) iqoshwa, lapho inzwa ifakwe khona. Imiphumela ye-Hor Hor to zwisisisa isimo, kufanele ihlole yonke indawo yonke evikelwe yilolo linye. Ukwenza lula ukuzimisela kwendawo yokulahla, zama ukubeka emgqeni owodwa egumbini ngalinye. Kepha le ndlela (ukukhuphuka kwenani lemigqa) ayihlali ilungele ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba ihlanganisa kakhulu uhlelo lwe-wiring futhi ikhulisa izindleko zomsebenzi wokufaka. Kungakho ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo okungezona ezemfundo kubhekwa njengefanelekile kuphela izinto ezincane (ezingaphansi kwamakamelo angaphansi kwama-20).
Kokulula kakhulu Izinhlelo Zekheli Ku-Threshold Detoctors, okubizwa ngokuthi imodyuli ehlosiwe kushumeke, ehunyushwa kwimodi "yomlilo" yekhodi yayo ye-loop ku-PCP. Ngokusho kwale khodi, isibonakaliso esithile sesiginali sichazwa, esikhulisa impendulo kuyo. Lokhu kungashiwo, indlela eshibhile kunazo zonke yohlelo olungaphendulwanga ekhelini (ngokwesibonelo, imodyuli ethi "C2000-AR1" kusuka ku-NVP "Bolid", intengo ingu- $ 10). Enye inzuzo yohlelo olunjalo akumele yenziwe kulayini owodwa egumbini ngalinye, kepha ukudala imigqa eyengeziwe, ukonga ucingo nomsebenzi wokufakelwa. Kodwa-ke, umtshina okhonjisiwe awukwazi ukulawula isimo sawo futhi udlulise isibonakaliso "esinamaphutha" kwi-PCP, kwathi lapho imodyuli yekheli ikhishwa, i-PCP iyayeka ukuthola amasiginali avela enzwa. Izinhlelo zekheli lePoll Sebenzisa olunye uhlobo lwe-PCP, futhi ukuxhumana komtshina kuba ngezindlela ezimbili. I-PCC ayikwamukela nje amasiginali avela kwabezishodishi, kepha futhi ihlole ngokuzenzakalela ukuba khona kokuxhumana nabo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwabo (kwenziwa njalo ngemizuzwana embalwa). Umphumela unyuka kakhulu ukwethenjwa kwe-ATP, futhi ungahlala uqiniseka ukuthi izinzwa ziyasebenza futhi zisebenza ngesikhathi. Yebo, bese usebenzisa amakheli amasistimu alula amakheli abe lula ngabanikazi kanye nabafaki. Isibonelo, ukususwa kwesikhashana kwenye yezinzwa (ukulungiswa, ukuvimba) akubangeli ukwehluleka kwalo lonke i-Loop-PCP kumane kuphawule ngenhlolovo elandelayo inzwa elandelayo inzwa elahlekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zemibuzo zikuvumela ukuba wakhe hhayi kuphela umugqa, kepha izigameko ezinamagatsha (ngenani lezinzwa ze-oda le-100), okuthi kwezinye izimo ekuvumela ukuthi ube lula, okusho ukuthi umsebenzi wokulungisa kufanele uncishiswe. Ukusebenza kulezi zinhlelo, ama-deviltors angeke anikezwe hhayi kuphela ngesikhundla esinembile sesikhundla ezintathu sezinga lokuzwela, kepha futhi nesinxephezelo sothuli esizenzakalelayo (ngokwesibonelo, izinzwa zochungechunge lweLeonardo zivela enzwa yohlelo, noma yiziphi izingcingo zomkhiqizi " ).
Shintsha uN 4411. I-2000 k snip 2.08.01-89 * "Izakhiwo zokuhlala"
3.21. Izakhiwo zezindlu kanye nehostela (ngaphandle kwezindlu zokugezela, izindlu zangasese, i-ware, i-saunas) kufanele zifakwe izidingo ze-Optical Optical Flore Fire Detoctors, ezihambisana nesigaba se-NPB 66-97, ngesigaba sokuvikelwa kwe-IP 40 (ngokusho ku-gost 14254-96). Ama-Detoms afakwe ophahleni. Kuvunyelwe ukufaka ezindongeni nasekwahlukanisweni kwamakamelo okungaphansi kophahla futhi kude nophahla futhi ebangeni lophetho ophezulu wento ebucayi yomtshina kusuka ku-0,1 m.
I-SNIP 31-02-2001 "Izindlu Zokuhlala Izindlu"
6.13. Izindlu ziphakeme ezintathu eziphakeme futhi ngaphezulu kufanele zifakwe nge-optical aptical aptical flue fire devetors, efanelekile kwizidingo ze-NPB-66- 97, noma ezinye izitholi ezinezici ezifanayo. Esitezi ngasinye sendlu kufanele kufakwe okungenani umtshina owodwa womlilo. Ukutholwa kwentuthu akufanele kufakwe ekhishini, kanye nasezindlini zokugezela, eshawini, amathoyilethi, njll amakamelo.
"Izinhlinzeko ezijwayelekile kwizidingo zobuchwepheshe zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala ezinokuphakama okungaphezulu kwama-75 m"
(Kuthuthukiswe yi-GUP NIAC Moskom- yokwakha, evunyelwe nguHulumeni waseMoscow). Ngeke sicaphune lo mbhalo, kepha ake sithi ekwakhiweni kusuka kuma-75 kuye kwangama-100 m ezakhiweni, amakheli ohlelo lwe-alamu yomlilo kufanele afakwe, futhi ezakhiweni ezinokuphakama kwe-100 kuya ku-150 m-analog-analog. I-IE Systems enza ukuphathwa okungenzeka kokukhipha abaqashi, ngokwesibonelo, ngosizo lwezimpawu zokukhanya nezwakalayo ezifakwe kumaseli esitebhisi. Ukucisha umlilo okuzenzakalelayo kufanele kuhlelwe phezu kokungena efulethini. Kuma-Deputyers empeleni kukhona ukuba khona kwezindlela eziyinhloko zokucima umlilo kanye nama-cranes omlilo ezindlini zokugezela, ezindlini zokugezela, emigwaqweni. Ngaphezu kohlelo lokuqwashisa umlilo, kunokubhekwa kwevidiyo ezindlini (kumaseli esitebhisi, ukulawula ukushaywa okuphumayo).
Ikheli kanye nohlelo lwe-analog. Umtshina awugcini nje ngokuvotela i-PCP ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa futhi nokuphendula inani lepharamitha elawulwa yiwo: izinga lokushisa, ukugcwala kwentuthu, ubuntu bokubona abaphakathi, njll., Leyo i-PKP nansi indawo iyisikhungo se ukuqoqa imininingwane ye-telemetry. Ngokohlobo loshintsho kumapharamitha alawulwayo elibikwe yimishini ehlukene ebikelwe egumbini elilodwa, yi-PCP, hhayi umtshina (njengasesimweni sezinhlelo ezihlosiwe nezingezinhle) zakha isiginali yomlilo, eyanda ukuthembeka kokunquma ukuhanjiswa. Kunekheli nohlelo lwe-analog nezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezimbalwa ngokuqhathanisa nephepha lemibuzo: Inani leziloops lingancishiswa libe yindandatho eyodwa (kwesinye isikhathi libizwa ngokuthi i-Loop) lapho kufika ku-99 Detaictors automatic, ikheli Amamojula we-Notifiers and Control axhumeke emoneni umoya, ukususwa kwentuthu, njll. Ukwehluleka kwenzwa noma i-wire break ngeke kwephule ukusebenza kohlelo, kuzoqhubeka ukuphenya izinzwa njengolunye uhlangothi lwe-cliff, futhi ngokusho kwenye, yazisa labo abayehluleka noma phakathi kwazo izinzwa lapho kwakuwukuwohloka. "Imibundu" ye-sensor ebangelwa ingasetwa egumbini ngalinye futhi lishintshe nobibo ngesikhathi sosuku, njll. Ngokwesibonelo, ukususa ama-positives amanga, ukuzwela kwe-flue ethile Ama-Storitors angahle awehliswe ngokuzenzakalela, futhi ngobusuku iwashi lifakwe kabusha nge-maximum (i-algorithm enjalo yenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, ohlelweni lwe-alamu ngezinzwa zohlelo lwe- "200" ezivela enzwa yohlelo).
Amadivayisi wokulawula ama-Recerver (amaphaneli) - I-PCP
Yi-PCP elawula imigqa yokutholwa (izihibe) nezinzwa ezifakiwe kuzo, qinisekisa ukuthi inkomba yamaphutha atholakele nomlilo bese uyala imigqa yezinhlelo ezizwakalayo nezimpunga (uma kukhona ohlelweni). I-PCP FEEDS kusuka ku-ac voltage ka-220 v, kepha isebenzisa i-voltage yangaphakathi 12 noma i-24 v. Uma kwenzeka ukunyamalala kwamandla kagesi wenethiwekhi, kuhlinzekwa ngamabhethri wesipele (amabhethri ayi-1 noma ama-2 12 v).
Ukuze kucace ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani, ake sibheke okwenzeka lapho kubangelwa, ngokwesibonelo, umtshina wentuthu. Ngiyethemba ukuthi kudlale okwamanje kungabi ngaphezu kwe-100 μ. Kepha, ukubamba intuthu, kuphenduka isimo esikhathazekile, kuhlanganisa ama-LEDs, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwamanje okufika ku-30 Ma (leli nani kuncike ekuklameni kwekhonsoli). I-PCP, ukuthola ukwanda ukusetshenziswa kwamanje, kufaka phakathi izinkomba zomlilo we-LED futhi kusebenze i-alamu enomsindo. Umtshina womlilo uhlala uhleliwe esimweni "esishaqisayo", noma ngabe akusekho ukuzwela ukubhema, okuqinisekisa ukukhonjwa kwendawo yokubhema uma kwenzeka umtshina wentuthu uma kwenzeka kuba nomtshina wentuthu. I-Alarm "Signal ingaba" ukusetha kabusha "kuphela nge-PCP ngokususa amandla kulayini wokutholwa ngokucindezela inkinobho ekhethekile. Izinhlelo zokugomela zikaCleavisiay zihambisana nenkinobho yayo "Setha kabusha" yayo.
Kwizinhlelo ngakunye (kwenqatshelwe, ikheli, ikheli-analog) lisebenzisa ama-PCPs abo, abonakala ngesethi yemisebenzi eyenziwe. Uma kuzinhlelo ezingezona ezemfundo, izinsimbi zimane ziphawule umugqa lapho kwenzeka khona i-trigger (njengasesignalini "-20 no-20p" kusuka ku-2350-2720; "granite-24" kusuka " I-Siberian Arsenal ", Intengo - ama-ruble angama-2800; , intengo isuka kuma-ruble angama-6340.), nakwizinhlelo zekheli nezinhlelo ze-analog zize zithole indawo yomugqa ("iRaduguw-3" kusuka kuma-ruble angu-15900, kanye namadivayisi e-Esser (esertronic I-8000c) ne-Apollo).
I-PCP ngayinye yezinhlelo ezifakwe kuhlu zingahlukaniswa ngamadivayisi wethatho lolwazi elincane, eliphakathi nelikhulu ". Kuya ngesibalo sama-loops axhunyiwe, izinzwa nemisebenzi eyenziwe. Futhi entweni ngayinye ethile (ikhaya, efulethini), kukhethwe amadivaysi afanele kakhulu. Yini okufanele yeluleke lapha? Mhlawumbe kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhetha idivaysi kusuka kumenzi omkhulu (kwangaphandle noma okufuywayo), okuyisikhathi eside kube khona emakethe. Yini idivaysi ongayikhetha kusuka ku-assortment yomenzi othize, kufanele ichaze ukufakwa okuqinile kohlelo lwe-alamu. Kepha lapha sizivumela izeluleko ezithile.
Okokuqala, kungcono ukukhetha ukuthi manje kungukuthi kanjani ngokwesiko ukusho, "I-PCP enembile. Okungukuthi, ukuze konke okuqokonyiswa kwiphaneli yakhe oyiqonde ngisho nenhliziyo. Futhi ukuze bakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokushesha noma yiziphi izenzo ezidingekayo ngedivayisi, ngoba ngeke zibe yisikhathi sokufunda imiyalo yokulawulwa kwayo ngesikhathi somlilo.
Okwesibili, kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhetha i-PCP, ngakho-ke ukukhuluma, nge-margin encane. Isibonelo, ngamathuba okuxhuma enye i-loop ngaphandle kokushintsha imigqa eyakhiwe ngaphambili.
Okwesithathu, idivaysi ethi "Smart" uma kwenzeka umlilo kufanele ugcwalise ngokuzenzakalela izenzo eziningi ezidingekayo kuwe, lapho umnikazi ekushiseni kokulwa komlilo ungakhohlwa khona. Isibonelo, nqamula ukuhlinzekwa kanye nomoya omncane wokukhipha umoya ukuvikela ukusakazeka komlilo ngalolu hlelo, unikeze amandla ama-electroobrivers ayisisekelo, njll.
Abanikazi
Lo mqondo ufihlekile zonke izinsimbi eziphezulu ezizoqala ukusebenza eqenjini le-PCP ngemuva kokutholwa komlilo. Esimweni esihlakaniphile, lawa ama-alamu anempilo, akhanyayo noma akhanyisiwe (ukumane akhulume, "ama-sindem", "ama-reubles", "Flowkka"). Ngisho nokuhanjiswa okunamandla kakhulu okubekwe ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala kuzokuxwayisa ngenkathazo ezayo. Amadivayisi anamandla amakhulu atholakala ezindongeni, ophahleni noma egumbini lendlu yezwe lizoletha isibonakaliso ngomlilo ngaphambi kolwazi lwendawo yonke. Kepha kudingeka kuphela ukuthi umuntu ozobona (azobona, ezwe) isibonakaliso ngomlilo ofakwe ohlelweni, futhi uzomphendula ngokushesha, kuzophuma ukuze athole okwenzekile, futhi endabeni yangempela umlilo ucisha noma ubangela iqembu lomlilo. Futhi, kusho ukuthi le nketho ixwayisa kuphela indlu yakho ekuhlazisweni kwe-cottage ngokuphepha okuphakathi. Yebo, bese kuba nesisindo esikhulu, futhi, akulula ukuqonda ngokushesha, hlobo luni lokwakha i-siren. Noma efulethini efulethini, noma edolobheni eliseduze noma ukubambisana kwengadi, lapho kungekho ukuphepha okucashile, le ndlela yokuqwashisa ayihambelani ngokuphelele.Ezakhiweni ezisefulethini kanye nethelevishini kuxhumekile amadolobhana ama-Cottage, ungahoxisa isinali kusuka kwi-PCP yasekhaya kwikhonsoli yezokuphepha, futhi akwenze kuthathe izinyathelo ezifanele. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuzihlomisa nge-console ehambisanayo.Ungahlela kanjani ukuthumela umyalezo ngomlilo ovela ohlelweni lwe-alamu yomlilo olufakwe endlini, uma kungekho ngocingo? Futhi kulokhu kunamadivayisi amaningi. Kwezindawo zokuhlala lapho kuvikelwa khona, kukhiqizwa izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezikhethekile zesiteshi somsakazo. Zonke izindlu ezikuleli cala zifakwe idivaysi engadlulisela umlayezo wezwi orekhodwe ngaphambili, kanye nokuvikelwa kokuvikelwa kudivayisi etholayo enanini elifanele lezindlu. (Umbuzo wokuthumela imiyalezo mayelana nezehlakalo uxazululwa ngendlela efanayo uma indlu yezwe ivikelwe yiwo. Umehluko usemandleni kuphela wedivayisi yokudlulisa.)
Uma kungekho ukuphepha okwakhe efulethini noma edolobhaneni, kepha atholakala endaweni yokuxhumana ye-GSM Cellular, ungasebenzisa amadivayisi athumela umyalezo we-SMS ngesigameko. Lawa madivayisi abizwa ngokuthi ukudayela. Bayakwazi ukuxhuma kunoma yikuphi ukuphepha kanye ne-alamu yomlilo, futhi basebenzise njengethuluzi elizimele lokuthola nokulawula (ezinqunywe ngumklamo). Lapho i-alamu ibangelwa, idivaysi ithumela isiginali ye-SMS kunoma iyiphi (kungenzeka ibe yimithathu noma ngaphezulu yazo) echazwe ngumnikazi wenombolo yocingo (wena, izihlobo, abangane, omakhelwane, njll.).
Mhlawumbe okuvame kakhulu kwalolu hlobo yi-GSM-UO-4C ("BOLID", intengo imayelana ne- $ 130). Izindleko zokufaka uhlelo lwe-turnkey ngokususelwa kubiza cishe ama- $ 400. Ukuphazanyiswa okukhulu kohlelo ukuthi kungasebenza kuphela egumbini elivuthayo (lokushisa elisebenzayo, kusuka ku +1 kuya ku-45c). Okufanayo ngomgomo wokusebenza, kepha amadivaysi anamuhla anikela ngezinkampani ezinjengePyronix (I-Matrix Series Devices, Intengo - kusuka ku- $ 30 kuya ku- $ 120, "ifomula yefomula ye-Fors-GSM-kusuka ku- $ 450), njll.
Izindleko ze-alamu yomlilo (ATP)
Ama-cheeters we-cheeters we-alamu yomlilo esuselwa kumishini yokukhiqiza yasekhaya (umbuthano wabakhiqizi esivele sikubonise). Ngakho-ke, inzwa ye-Point Shoke ibiza ama-ruble angama-160 kuye kwangama-400, ukusuka kuma-ruble angama-2988 kuya kwangama-718 kuya kuma-ruble, kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-11 kuye kwangama-350, kusuka ku-1350 kuya ku-5600 rub. Njll. Izinzwa ezifuywayo zivame ukubhekana nomsebenzi wazo zizonke, kepha, njengomthetho, siphansi ngandlela-thile angeniselwe ama-analogues athembekile kanye nama-aesthetics.
Izinhlelo ze-alamu zomlilo zentengo yentengo ephakathi zivame ukudalwa ngesisekelo sezinzwa kanye nezinhlaka zokuxhumana zamafemu aphesheya aziwa aphesheya, njenge-Ademco, inzwa ye-ademco, i-texecom, i-pyronix. Ngakho-ke, inzwa yokubhema iphuzu kulesi sigaba samanani izobe ibiza u- $ 15-30, i-Smoke Linear - ku- $ 100-500, okuhlukile - ngo- $ 10-20, njll.
I-ATP ebizayo ifaka amasistimu wekheli. Imvamisa, zakhiwe kumaphaneli okulawula akhethekile nezinzwa ze-Esser, e-ESMI, i-Securiton, njll. Isigaba se-Vaid Isigaba Photo Photo sibiza ama- $ 30 kuya ku- $ 500 kuya ku- $ 30. Ku- $ 60, i-Optical Open Flame - kusuka ku- $ 200 kuya ku- $ 500.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izitholi ezizuzisayo zishibhile kakhulu, ukufakwa kwe-ATP eyinkimbinkimbi kususelwa kubo kungenza kubiza kakhulu. Abatholi bekheli okungenani babiza kakhulu ku-50% kunama-chaasadres, kepha ukufakwa kwe-atp kubo kungenza eshibhile. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwamafemu amaningi ahlolwe ngathi, esakhiweni esinendawo engaphezu kuka-500m2, uhlelo lwamakheli selushibhile nge-imeyili. Futhi enkulu indawo, ama-winnings amaningi. Kuliqiniso, akubona bonke ochwepheshe abahlanganyele enhlolovo yethu bavumelana nalesi sitatimende. Abanye babona kufanele ukuthi bekungekuningi kakhulu endaweni njengenani lezakhiwo ezivikelwe kanye namalungiselelo azo anquma ukucushwa kanye nokuhlelwa kohlelo kudalwa. (Futhi ngokushesha wanikela ngemidwebo eminingana engeyona efana nendlu enkulu yamakamelo angama-20 usebenzisa ama-PCps alula alawulwa angabizi kakhulu., Ilungele ngokuphelele amapharamitha wezobuchwepheshe kanye nentengo. Futhi ukuze uthole ezinye izindlela eziningana bese ukhetha okungcono kakhulu, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nenkampani eyodwa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye.
Kepha iqiniso lokuthi ukugcinwa kwezinhlelo zekheli lishibhile, konke okuvunyelwene ngakho. I-Cheaper isivele ivele ngoba ngokwayo ithola ukungasebenzi kahle - ihlala kuphela ukuyiqeda.
Izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zinemishini yokuthola amakheli nezinhlelo ze-analog. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, umtshina wamakheli avela enkathini yohlelo lwenkampani uzobiza isilinganiso sama- $ 15, khona-ke umtshina wohlelo lwekheli- analog kusuka ku-oollo usevele u- $ 50, futhi kusuka e-Esser- $ 90. Izindleko eziphakeme zabaphuki, futhi ngenxa yalokho, futhi amasistimu aqoqwe kuwo asalahla isicelo sawo ezindlini zasemadolobheni nasezindlini zangasese.
Ngokufaka uhlelo lwe-alamu yomlilo, kufanele ulungiselele iqiniso lokuthi izindleko ngeke zikhawulelwe kulokhu. Kuzodingeka njalo (okungenani kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, futhi kungcono kune-quarter) ukukhokha inselelo yochwepheshe womsebenzi wokuvimbela (uhlu lwezenzo ezidingekayo kanye nemvamisa yabo bukhonjisiwe kumaphasiphothi we-PCP nama-detector). Nge-ATP encane, izindleko zemisebenzi enjalo zingama-ruble angama-1000, zezinkinga, ngokwemvelo, zibiza kakhulu, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, hhayi ngokuqondile ngokulingana nezindleko zohlelo. Ngokubamba kwabo, kungcono ukuthi kwenzeke - ungalahlekelwa yiziqinisekiso (kuvame ukunikezwa unyaka, ngemuva kwalokho inkontileka yenkonzo yezezimali ngemuva kwewaranti yindawo yokuphelelwa yisikhathi).
Futhi into yokugcina okufanele ngiyisho ekugcineni kwale ngxenye yokubuyekezwa. I-elektroniki ukuvikela i-alamu yomlilo ngamunye imvamisa iyingxenye ebalulekile yezokuphepha kanye nohlelo lomlilo futhi ilawulwa yithuluzi elilodwa lokuthola nokulawula. Ukusebenza ezinhlanganweni ezinjalo zokuphepha amadivaysi asevele abizwa nge-PPKOP ehlukile, okungukuthi, abakwa-Story-Fire Fighters abalawula. Kepha namhlanje asixoxiswanga namhlanje, ngeshwa, ukubuyekezwa kokubuyekezwa akwanele.
Ibhodi lokuhlela ngiyabonga nge "Pulse", iqembu lezinkampani "ukuphepha kweFomula", Alliance "ukuphepha okuyinkimbinkimbi", kanye "nezinhlelo zezinzwa ze-Sensor Fair Detoctors" ukuze zilungiselele usizo.
I-Interiors, Ukuvuselelwa, Ukulungiswa Kwezindlu