Gifts Eol.

Wind power plant for a country house: varieties of models, principles of operation, uninterrupted power supply, manufacturers.

Picture Press /

East News.

In the case of long-term sleeplessness, instead of wind power plant, a generator on gasoline or diesel fuel is working in cottages

The windwall rotates the shaft of the electric power generator generating electricity

This looks like a modern alternator of alternating current

The wind generator is installed in a vertical position and fixed (mounting stages See below)

Installation of the wind generator "Sapsan-1". On the site chosen for the installation of the wind generator, is poured in accordance with the installation scheme of five concrete columns. The center for fastening the base of the mast (a), on the sides - four columns for fastening stretch marks (b)

The sixth support is often necessary - for fastening the winch, with which the mounted wind generator is raised into the working (vertical) position. Cammona is started only when the concrete from which the columns are made, gain strength. Initially, the base of the mast (c) is fixed, the first section (d) is installed on it, it is tilted and the rest are attached until the mast will be collected (e)

The vertex of the assembled mast is dragged by the windbath. The assembly of this most important node of the wind generator is carried out in the field, the process consists of several very responsible operations and lasts at least 1-2-- (e, g)

Kmachte and foundation mortgages are joined by stretch marks made of galvanized steel cable. They support the mast of the wind generator in a strictly vertical position (s)

The mast lift is carried out by a winch attached in this case not to the sixth support, but to the frame of the cargo car (s)

In this case, a "mast- assistant" is used, transmitting a lifting force from the winch to the main mast under the desired angle (K)

Properly designed and built mast farm structures withstands winds of hurricane power

This looks like a modern wind generator with self-oriete-powered winds

A distinctive feature of this model: the windywell becomes perpendicular to the windflow due to the presence of a special tail guide structure

Special devices for mounting stretch marks supporting the mast wind generator

Wind power plant serving a country house indicates not only the desire of the owner to independence, but also that he is not indifferent to what air his children will breathe. But in all cases, the use of such equipment is justified from an economic point of view? Let's try to figure out.

Wind, are you mighty?

AGE / EAST NEWS

The preimage of a modern windmill - windmill Alas, Nature did not collect all the winds in the field, as it did with natural gas, oil and coal, and did not force them to flow along ruses, like rivers. Wind energy is truly colossal (residents of land are potentially affordable about 53000 kWh, which is 4 times more than the current power consumption of the planet), but, alas, scattered in space in different cities and weighs. The same speed and direction of the wind often only in vain in folklore and classical literature, it symbolizes impermanence. However, it is possible to evaluate whether the benefits of applying such an installation will be possible. To do this, it is necessary to learn the wind potential of the territory, more precisely, its main characteristic of the average annual wind speed (the average and average value of all wind velocities observed during the year). This can be done in the center of hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring or even at the nearest airfield (if it has its own meteorological service).

AGE / EAST NEWS

The best place to install the wind generator is the clean field or steppe at low average wind velocity (within 3-4m / s) electricity extracted using a wind power plant, it rises to the consumer in a penny. For example, in the Moscow region, where the average annual wind speed is approximately 4m / s (3.7-4.2 m / s), a modern 1kW windmill will issue about 120 kWh / month (however, it is enough to power several energy-saving lamps, TV, refrigerator and circulating pump, see Table.). For the year, the production of equipment will be 1440 billack, and for the entire service life, that is, approximately 20 years (high-quality equipment should work as much), - 28800 pulverity. The cost of wind turbulent installation turnkey in the configuration that ensures the guaranteed power supply of the cottage, we will take an equal to $ 7000 ($ 3000-10000). At the same time, the cost of 1 kWh will be equal to about $ 0.24, or at the rate for mid-January 2006. - about 6.93 rubles. For 1 kWh. For reference: Electricity purchased by private individuals, in the Moscow region costs 1,60 rubles. For 1 kWh, and when connecting through a private company supplier, up to 3.5 rubles. For 1 kWh.

Architects I.Yansone, K.Avostins

Photo M.Stepanov From the above, it is easy to conclude: the use of wind power plant in the Moscow region is economically justified if there is no network electricity in the house, and the cost of energy obtained by other types of autonomous sources, such as a diesel generator, exceeds 7 rubles. For cottages already connected to the network, put the windmill for saving considerations meaninglessly, except for backup power supply. AESLI electric power to the cottage has not yet been supplied, but is it possible to let it? Here it makes sense to think and everything is calculated, given the cost of connecting to the network (which in different parts of the Moscow region will cost

To use the wind energy "Full", the windmill mast should be 3-4m above all obstacles in a radius of 200m $ 800-1200 for 1kW, and it is necessary to connect at least 5kW at once), as well as a permanent increase in prices for electricity (about 10% in year). Perhaps it will be more profitable to abandon centralized delivery and choose a wind power unit- as in the case of fatal unavailability of network electricity.

Wheel regions of the country where the average annual wind speed is higher than in the Moscow region, the use of wind power unit may well be more profitable than buying electricity. For example, in areas where the wind speed is 8m / s, it will be possible to get from a kilowate device about 580kW / month, and electricity will do to the consumer in 1.43 rubles. For 1 kWh. Most often it is cheaper than buying electricity "on the side" - on commercial, and sometimes at state prices. For example, in Kamchatka, electricity costs from 2 rubles. For 1 kWh. It is advantageous to put wind turbines favorably on the coasts of the Northern Ocean, Finnish Bay, the Black and Caspian Seas, as well as in Kamchatka, Sakhalin and Chukotka, in Yakutia. Many other areas are promising, where strong winds are walking (with an average annual speed to 10m / s) and the construction of the power supply system entails the worst costs than creating an autonomous independent system.

With wind speed up to 2.5 m / s, it is not worth using a wind power plant as a source of energy. It will be ashable, the power of the wind will be insufficient even in order to strive the wind-freeze.

Approximate power consumption of electrical equipment of a country house

Consumer	Rated power, W	Work time per day, h	Power consumption, kWh.
per day	per month
Refrigerator	150.	7.	1,1	31.5
Television	100	6.	0,6	eighteen
Lighting energy saving lamps	120.	five	0,6	eighteen
A computer	100	6.	0,6	eighteen
Circulation pump	60.	24.	1,44.	43,2
Submersible pump	1200.	0.5	0,6	eighteen
Double-circuit electric stove	2000.	2.	four	120.
Freezer	200.	7.	1,4.	42.
TOTAL:	3930.	-	10.3	308.7

System base

Inverter with a power of 2.5 kW. The device can be installed both horizontally and vertically currently leading manufacturers of wind power plants focused their efforts on horizontal axial models that can most effectively convert wind energy into electric. The power of horizontal-axial wind power plants used for the autonomous energy supply of cottages is from several tenths of kilowatt to 10-15kW. There are on sale and more powerful models to several megawatts. However, their appointment is to generate electricity to feed in the power supply network in order to save fuel and the resource of thermal power plants. In contrast to the Western countries, such assistance to the country's energy economy is not yet welcome.

The wind generator is located at a distance of 30-40m from residential buildings so that the light rustling of the rotating wind velocity does not bother the inhabitants of the house. Height, and therefore, the cost of mast depends on the presence of obstacles (trees, buildings and other objects) near it. For the most efficient operation of the installation, it is proposed to build a mast of such a height so that the Amboss of the wind-makes was at least 3-4m above the barriers located at a distance less than 200m. The mast itself must be fixed on the foundation and additionally secure stretch marks from a galvanized metal cable (for this purpose, 5-6 reinforced concrete column columns with a diameter of 500mm poured to a depth of about 2m). The electricality of the unit from the installation generator is supplied according to a two-housing copper wire with an area of ​​section to 6-8mm2, laid in a sealed underground channel.

Wind turbine or more?

Getty / Fotobank Electricity generated by the generator is used directly to feed insensitive to the quality of the electricity of the instruments (incandescent and heaters lamps), as well as for street lighting. Other devices, such as computers and radio receivers, may be premature from such nutrition as a result of sudden valves of the value and voltage frequency. Connect the windmill directly to the load is permissible, if the electrical supply of economic buildings, the electrical appliances of which during periods of ulution or weak winds can be de-energized without prejudice to the safety and comfort of people.

Interruptions with energy supply to a modern Cottage Emergency accident. For the guaranteed energy supply of a country house during periods of ulution or weak winds, it is necessary to equip the system of uninterrupted power supply. It will allow to store energy extracted during strong winds, the future and to provide the house of energy in the case of a long ulelessness. Equipment of uninterruptible power supply is best located directly in the cottage - in a small noise insulated heated room with relative air humidity, maximum 70% and at least three-time air exchange. This room is placed near the wind power mast.

The accumulator complex allows you to store electricity to the future of the uninterrupted power supply system, first of all, a set of batteries. If 1kW power generator is used in the wind power installation, four acid-lead or alkaline starting batteries (190Ah each) will be required. If the installation is applied with a capacity of about 5kW, the number of such batteries should be achieved14. To recharge the batteries, a charger will need to rectify the incoming voltage and the protection of batteries from recharging. Cottage Cottage should be supplemented through a special instrument inverter. It converts a permanent current with batteries in a "high-quality" alternating current 220V / 50Hz, suitable for nutritional domestic appliances. The rated power of the inverters used in the cottages is usually 0.5-5kW, the maximum is 2 times more. Compressors, pumps, electric motors at the time of launch briefly consume power, 2-5 times higher than the nominal one. The starting power of such equipment at the same time launch should not exceed the maximum power of the inverter.

5,5kW gas benzenerator in low noise design based on Honda engine Another device that is desirable to include in the cottage uninterruptible nutrition system is a diesel, gasoline or balloon-operating electric generator. Without such a device, it is not necessary if the average annual wind speed in the region does not exceed 4-6m / s (for example, in the suburbs). Included in the cottage power supply system, the generator will work as a reserve power source during a period of long-haired. Indeed, if a few days in a row, the wind blows hardly, the wind power plant will not be able to give out the rated voltage. Meanwhile, the electricity will be consumed in normal mode; Sooner or later, the battery station will be depleted and the power supply will stop. In this case, the generator will need to be manually (if you do not provide autorun) to include just a few hours per day to recharge the batteries. Thus, a reliable and economical system of uninterrupted power supply of the cottage will be created.

Choose

There is a lot of models in the form of an experienced copy. As a rule, such wind turbines offer small design bureaus with old engineering factories. The estimated and project part of these developments correspond to all scientific and technical canons. The lack of one, but very significant: developers are not interested in small-scale production, so it is impossible to buy such an installation, except for the energy supply of the village by 50-100 houses. Yes, and check the proposed technique for professional benefitness "For the eyes" is not so easy. Therefore, the investment in such projects is a very risky.

Device for charging batteries (A). Inverter that converts a constant battery voltage into a variable single-phase 220V / 50Hz for the nutrition of household appliances (b) Another type of vehicle-sold on the market of wind power plants, which were produced serially during the Soviet power. Enterprises that have produced such equipment existed by financing through various state programs, for example, to support the small peoples of the North, and, of course, did not survive the transition to a market economy. Recommended production stopped, the old stocks are sold. Thanks to good packaging and preservation, these wind turbines flew safely to this day and may well be used for their intended purpose. Only their maintainability remains under the question.

There are no time for quite some firms that regularly carry out single or small-sector production of wind power plants. To seek logical to such manufacturers, however, with the quality of their equipment and work, it is advisable to familiarize themselves with the quality. To do this, it is best to communicate with the hosts of cottages served by the installed data by the equipment. Among the Russian manufacturers of wind power plants can be called, for example, the company "Sapsan-Energy Wind", "Elektrosfer", "WindaK", "LMD Wind Energy" company, CNII "Electrical appliance", "GMKB" Raduguga "". Among Foreign Forms J.Bornay (Spain), Rutland, Marlec (United Kingdom), Bergey, Southwest Windpower, Proven (USA) and many others.

The editors thanks the company "Sapsan-Energy Wind" for help in the preparation of the article and the provided photographic materials.