A cikin ƙarni, da tiled murhun a Rasha, sannan kuma a cikin daular daular daular Rasha ta sanya kayan rayuwa da kyautatawa. Ana iya siyan wutar murhun yau. Muna gaya wa abin da fa'idarsa da kuma yadda za a yi kuskure tare da zaɓi.
Hoto: Guttbrand Keamer
Fale-falen buraka ba kawai wutar ba ne, har ma da bututu mai hayaki, kuma sau da yawa a cikin duka benaye a gida. Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Colassic fale-falen tsararrun dabi'un yaki da yumbu na musamman na fam na musamman: gefensu na baya yana sanye da gefen kwane - matsa. Tsarin akwatin yana ba ku damar dogaro da taye zuwa bulo yana kwanciya da sassan waya ya wuce ta ramuka a gefe.
Fale-falen buraka da aka zana tare da glazing. Glazes na zamani suna da bambanci sosai kuma ba ku damar ƙirƙirar palette mai faɗi da launuka masu haske da sautunan Pastel. Hoto: Guttbrand Keamer
Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Tiery Glences: Tunani na tarihi
An yadu a cikin Rasha tuni a cikin karni na XVII. Alas, yawancinsu mafi yawansu sun zo ta lalata ko akai-akai, don haka yana da matuƙar wahala a mai da bayyanar farko; Wanda zai iya ɗauka kawai cewa an bi da waɗannan irin waɗannan irin waɗannan sukan fannon.Littlean ƙaramin samfurori (a cikin gidan kupovychi shumiliva a cikin gorophychivets, a cikin gidan dan kasuwa Sharapova a cikin sharuddan dabaru, da sauransu) sune rectangular dangane da tsari, amma ba tare da kwanciya ba, amma ba tare da kwanciya ba, amma ba tare da kwanciya ba, amma ba tare da kwanciya ba, amma ba tare da kwanciya ba, tsawa da mai zagaye. Wato, sun yi aiki na musamman don dumama. An shigar da irin wannan murfin murfin a kusurwar ɗakin ko madauki na musamman (don zafi biyu kusa da ɗakuna biyu masu kusa. Wasu lokuta an sanye da zane tare da tashar man fetur, wanda ya yarda ya tattake daga cikin siyar.
Amma fale-falen kansu ana kiyaye su a cikin iri-iri. A cikin karni na XVI An yi musu ado da tsarin nutsuwa ba tare da murhun da glaze ba kuma suna da launi na yumbu. Karnin da ke biye sun mamaye agaji fentin fentin fentin kore ("masu mahimmanci" da "Mars" I, mun sami farin failes masu santsi tare da tsarin shuɗi (delft cafles).
Tiery Glences a yau
A yau, mutum ya gina Fifar Tile da yawa kamfanonin Rasha - "Gagortors", "Makarantar Reerorika", da sauransu Makarantar ", da sauransu, yana yiwuwa don yin odar fuskantar kashin karfe da Cast-baƙin ƙarfe mayu, da kuma profabricated (zamani) murƙushe daga chamot. Kuma a ƙarshe, kabilan da ke da tiled suna nan a kan wasu samfuran murabba'in murhu na ƙarfe.
Masu zane-zane na zamani da masters sunyi nasarar nishaɗar da tsoffin tayoyin da kuma sake gina tayin girgizawa a cikin ɗakunan sarauta da gidajen ibada.
Hoto: "Masters Guild"
Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Amfanin Itahed da murhu
Da farko, magana game da fa'idar amfani da "casing" daga glazed cerarment.
Abubuwa masu kyau tare da hoto wanda Enamel ya haifar - katin kasuwancin makarantar tauraro. Hoto: Guttbrand Keamer
Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Babban aikin soles yana da ado, amma wasu halaye na yumbu na yumbu koyaushe suna da daraja, musamman - karkatarwa da sauƙin kulawa. Tare da m glazing farfajiya, abu ne mai sauqi don cire ƙura da sauran gurbata, godiya wanda ita ke rufe da kullun kuma ba zai taɓa jin ƙanshi ba kamar gari.
Fusawa daga fale-falen fale-finai za a yi a cikin makonni 2-3. An aiwatar da aikin mutum har zuwa watanni 3.
Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Bugu da kari, saboda sinadarin microporough na sikila mai kauri yana da dukiya a lokaci guda don ware da zazzabi, da kuma bayan ƙarshen, wutar murfi ita ce Sannu a hankali sanyaya na dare, wanda ya karu sosai ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali na tsananin zafi. A wannan yanayin, ƙwayoyin Inertia na ternace ya dogara da fadi (tsawo) na RMSP da kuma kulla fasahar.
Cikakkun labaran daga cikin gidan caca tare da furucin teku
Abun kallo: IGor Smirhaunt / Burton Mai jarida
Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Yadda ake ƙirƙirar fale-falen buraka
An samar da zane-zane don aiwatar da ayyukan mutum a yau, kamar yadda a cikin tsoffin kwanakin, ana samar da hannu da hannu. A ta sa, ban da talakawa (wall) tiles, yawanci hada da tushe, bel, cornice, kusurwa da kuma shiryayye abubuwa, da kuma wani lokacin akwai kuma yi kwasfa, balusters, Semi-colonels da manya da arches.
Matsayi na girma a cikin fale-falen buraka ba ya wanzu - duk yana dogara da girma da kuma siffar ƙarfi, da kuma shirin fasaha na yatsa; Kauri daga bangon fale-falen buraka yawanci 7-10 mm.
Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Tsarin aiki a kan saiti na fale-falen fale-falen fale (bututun saiti) yana farawa da ƙirƙirar zane da samfura, yawanci filastik. Tare da samfuran yi simints kuma sami saiti na gypsum siffofin. Sun bushe, sannan suna cike yumbu, sau da yawa tare da ƙari na gurasar yumɓu, tsakuwa mai kyau ko yashi. A wannan hanyar, ana ajiye guraben a cikin kabad na bushewa na akalla sati daya saboda yumɓu ba ya fasa lokacin harbe. Bayan haka, an fitar da Fale-zage zuwa na farko ("duck") a cikin farfado a cikin yanayin zafin jiki na musamman a daidai glube da ke da kariya da kuma ƙone sakandare; Zai iya zama dole zuwa har zuwa gasa biyar - dangane da yawan enamel da yadudduka glaze.
Kowane kamfani yana da kundin aikin aiki da kayan ado na yau da kullun, amma babu abin da ke hana abokin ciniki ya ba da zane-zane ko kuma kawai bayyana ra'ayoyi na gaba da salo. Anan zaka iya bayar da cikakken 'yancin fantasy - Misali, yi ƙoƙarin hada zane "delft" tare da jigogi na zamani ko kuma fahimtar makwancin labarai na Rasha ta hanyar sabuwar hanya.
| Fa'idodi | Rashin daidaito |
|---|---|
Kara Tsara: Fuskokin yanki ba zai taɓa yin zafi ba zuwa zazzabi sama da 60 ° C, abu ne mai wuya kayi wuya a kusa da bangon wutar. | Babban farashi (idan aka kwatanta da tubalin mai sauƙi, kuma har ma fiye da kasafin kuɗi na kasafin kuɗi). |
Zafi tara kaddarorin. A lokacin da amfani da akwatin jirgin ruwa na ƙarfe, fafacewar tana aiki a matsayin shamaki a kan hanyar "Hard" da ta mamaye radiation, ta tara zafi a hankali yana ba shi. | Muhimmin nauyi, sau da yawa ana shiga don shigar da wutar ba tare da kafuwar ko rufe ba. |
Sauki don kulawa. Daga farfajiya na samfuran yumɓu, ana cire duk wani gurbatawa. Suna racks ga sakamakon acids da sauran ƙarfi. | Misalai a hankali da lalacewar kayan inji da hadaddun gyaran fuskokin. |
Akwai damar samar da kayan adon ciki na ciki a cikin salon da yawa. |
Fasaha ta Gara
Fasalin gina tayoyin gargajiya a cikin gaskiyar cewa Brickwork da fuskantar bagin lokaci guda. A lokaci guda, sahu na fale-falen buraka suna da alaƙa da juna fil (cruts) da baka da kuma gyarawa a bangon waya tare da sassan murfi na wuta, waɗanda aka lalata a cikin seams na Brickwork. An sanya tayal tayalovoy, amma hasken wuta mai haske da sarari tsakanin rumbun dabarun suna cike da yumbu clumbs ko kuma suturtarwa na gray crumbs ko kuma suturta ta tubali).
Akwai fasaiyoyi don rabuwa ta hanyar fale-falen buraka da tayal da aka riga aka gina. Zaka iya, alal misali, yi amfani da masonry ko grid ɗin hanya don wannan dalilin, wanda aka gyara zuwa wutar da ƙarfe, kuma riga ka ɗaure shi da shi. Ko, yankan gindi, kawai manne da ƙwararrun abubuwa ta hanyar manne, a duk duniya-duniya (Wolfshöer Tonwerke) ko ScanMix). Hanyar m hanya ce ta classic kuma rage yawan sifofin da aka ɗora, amma ba ya cimma kyakkyawan zafi tara sakamakon.
Kotun masana'antu suna sanye da yawa ta hanyar gatsawa na Monochrome, amma tala za a iya fitar da su. Hoto: Hein.
Idan tanderu ko murhu shine makiyaya baƙin ƙarfe ko kuma murfi na ƙarfe, to akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za a zauna. Mafi sau da yawa, wutar terna ta yi sanyi da bulo ko tubalan hasken hannu, sa'an nan sai glued Files.
Wani zaɓi ya ƙunshi masana'anta na kwalin ƙarfe (alal misali, daga kusurwa) - mai zaman kanta ko welded zuwa ganuwar tanderace. Ana amfani da dabbar ta waya, faranti da rakuna ana amfani da su don ɗaure files zuwa firam.
A ƙarshe, fuskokin zai iya zama tallafawa kai: fale-falen buraka da aka sanya tubalin, amma sake karfafa masonry tare da waya, sandunan, da kuma a wasu wurare da Bayanan karfe.
Tiens ba tare da RMSP za a iya glued zuwa Masonry ta Manne mai tsauri. Hoto: "Vesta-Brororms"
Sharuɗɗa don zaɓin murhu (tander)
- Ikon thermal. Idan an yi shirin amfani da na'urar azaman babban asalin zafi a bazara, kaka da kuma ziyarar hunturu ta 10 m2 na filin da ya wuce gona da iri .
- Abu. Buga samfuran ƙarfe ana iya ɗaukar ƙarin m ƙarfe. Idan tanderun ƙarfe shine, yana da kyawawa cewa an yi nishinta na baƙin ƙarfe, an kiyaye ganuwar da rufin da wani rufin da aka yi ta bugu.
- Irin kofa. Don tayal murhun, zai fi kyau zaɓi akwatin gida tare da keɓaɓɓen lilo, kuma ba ƙofar dagewa. Tsarin mai salo a karkashin Antize zai taimaka wa Arched Flack.
- Kasancewar ayyukan da daskarewa gas gas da gilashin tsarkakakke. Waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka zasu haɓaka ƙarfin kayan aiki kuma sauƙaƙe hidimarta.
- Kasancewar aikin dogon konewa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, irin waɗannan akwatin akwatin suna sanye take da ingantaccen sarrafa iska da schiber a kan mafita. Suna da kyau tattalin arziki kuma suna iya aiki a kan itace guda ɗaya har zuwa 4 h.
Bel. Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Wuraren shakatawa
Hoto: "Vesta-Brororms"
A zamanin yau, ba mafi mashahuri mai zafi na itace ba shi da wuya murhu-fuka. Comparfin Kayan Kayan Kayan Karfe wanda aka yi da baƙin ƙarfe
Kuna iya ɗaure wa fale-falen kowane nau'in fiber, angular har ma rami. Yana da mahimmanci a zabi hanyar da sauri.
Hoto: "Vesta-Brororms"
Kamfanonin kasashen waje AbX, La Nordicia, enbra da sauransu suna fitar da wuraren shakatawa tare da yumbu. Tabbas, wannan ba daidai bane, amma da kyau kake kwaikwayon, amma a waje, tabbas suna haifuwa na kayan gargajiya, kuma akwai 'yan kadarorin da suke. A lokaci guda, mafi yawan wuraren shakatawa na yumbu ba kawai kyakkyawa bane, har ma da gas mai ban sha'awa, kofar da kai da aka haɗa shi don haɗa da'irar zafi don haɗa da'irar zafi.
Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Hoto: "Masters Guild"
Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Bayan ya sami aikin ƙira, kamfanin ya yi abubuwa da yawa da yawa, na gwaji tare da tsari da tsari. Hoto: "Masters Guild"
Sake sake "Dutch", wanda aka yi da ado da farin cafeer, suna da kyau ga ciki a cikin salon gargajiya. Hoto: "Masters Guild"
A al'ummar tayal da wutar toben an yi ado da kayan ado na geometric da kayan lambu. Hoto: "Masters Guild"
More sau da yawa - hotunan dabbobi masu ban mamaki. Ko da yawanci yakan yi amfani da zane-zane na mãkirci. Hoto: "Masters Guild"
Farashin wuraren shakatawa da ke tattare da fuskokin yumbu yana farawa daga dubun dubbai. Hoto: abx.
Yawancin samfuran suna da masu amfani, tunda suna da aikin flue na gas na fure. Hoto: abx.
Torarfafa tabarma na baƙin ƙarfe yana da babban canja wuri. Hoto: manitta.
Babban Trumps na tara tara kayan zane ne na zamani da kuma tsarin zaɓuɓɓuka masu arziki. Hoto: Piazzetta.
Cocols sun fi wahala a masana'antu da shigarwa fiye da talakawa talakawa. Saboda haka, fiye da mitigisation na ternace (murhun murhu), mafi tsada saitin fale-falen fale-falen buraka za su tsada, kuma aiki zasu dauki lokaci mai yawa. Hoto: "Littannin kari"
Dole ne a ƙarfafa fuskoki da kai da kyau tare da waya da sanduna. Hoto: "Vesta-Brororms"
Wani lokaci tare da shigarwa na gyara amfani da filastar filasta. Hoto: "Vesta-Brororms"
Abubuwa masu siffa - sasanninta. Hoto: "Littannin kari"