Ruwa "rigar" wani gidaje: yi birgima da kuma shafi kayan, halaye da fasali na na'urar ruwa
A cewar ka'idoji da ka'idoji, matakin bene a cikin wanka ya zama 3 cm fiye da sauran gidan. To, a cikin gaggawa, ruwa ba zai gudana nan da nan a cikin Corbors da ɗakuna, kuma sannu a hankali cika wannan kwano na peculiar ", kuma lokaci kuma zai kasance don ya mamaye rassan. Da kyau ya yi bene mai zurfi ba zai ba da ruwa mai tara ba don shiga maƙwabta da ke ƙasa.
A halin yanzu, gaba ɗaya na gyara kamar haka: matakin jinsi a cikin dakunan wanka da wuraren zama ɗaya daidai suke. A cewar masu, a wannan yanayin iyakokin wuraren shakatawa, layin mahaɗan da wando ya nemi tuntuɓe a wuraren tsawo. "Yayin da tsawa ba ta gaji ba," Muna ƙoƙari kada mu tuna da cikakken sakamako na ƙananan leaks da bango da ba za a iya ƙarewa ba, lokacin da ba za a iya kawowa da maƙwabta ba mallaka da / ko gidajen waje. Hakanan, saboda lokacin bayyanar ruwa, sannu a hankali rasa ƙarfi da kuma daidaitattun hanyoyin lalata ginin ginin, gabaɗaya, mutane kaɗan suna tunani. Don waɗannan dalilan don hana ruwa daga cikin dukkan ɗakuna da hanyoyin sadarwa na ruwa, wato wanka, gidajen wanka da ma dafaffen abinci.
Dangane da sashen Moscow, yawan adadin yanayin gaggawa (89%) - Bays. Suna kan hanyoyin da suka haifar. Mafi yawan adadin biyan kuɗi yana da alaƙa da hatsarori na samar da ruwa - 65%, dumama - 14%, dinki - 10%. Saboda haka, a lokacin aiwatar da gyara, ya zama dole don zuwa tsarin rafi, bayan ƙarshen babban wuraren aiki, bututun ruwa na samar da ruwan sanyi, haɗa din din din din din. , kammala aikin lantarki, allon ƙasa (idan akwai irin wannan buƙata), amma kafin a raba bangon.
Hoto K. Manko. | 
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Ecocariant
Ana yin mafi yawan hanyoyin lantarki na tattalin arziƙi daga kayan masarufi. Dalilin kwali na asali, gilashin cholester, fiberglass ko polyester parreber (polyester), a garesu wanda aka gyara bitumen bitumen. Irin waɗannan samfuran suna haifar da kamfanoni da yawa; Daga cikin sanannun sani, kamar "Filichangel shuka", "isoflex", "india), index (Italiya), Index). Farashin kayan gida ya bambanta a cikin 25-100 rubles. Don 1M2, baƙi, sau da yawa fiye da haka.
Fihirisa | 
Mapei. | 
Fihirisa |
1-3 ) da kuma aqueous watsawa na polymers acrylic.
An yi birgima zane-zane don haɗa, ana ɗauka da bushe tushe. Sanya shi ta hanyoyi da yawa. Misali, manne zai iya bauta wa bitumen masastic ko kuma wani bitumen Layer na baya gefen yanar gizo, wanda, bayan dumama, mai burgewa ya zama mai taushi da m. Yana da sauƙin aiki tare da kayan masarufi (alal misali, "Shafi OS", "Tehtonikol"). Ya isa ya cire anti-m ad na anti-m akan gefen gefen littafin, sanya shi a kan shirya farfajiyar da mirgine roller. Don tabbatar da mafi kyawun kama tare da tushe, na ƙarshen an riga an rufe shi da abubuwan ƙarshe (wanda, duk da haka, ba ya hana kuma lokacin aiki tare da wasu nau'ikan rolled ruwa). Waɗannan yawanci ƙwallon ƙafa ne akan abubuwan haɗi na musamman: "Bituminous Prz"), "Prica" ("Eroflex"), Indever). Suna da mafi girman shiga sama da bitumen. An dilse mahadi na cikin gida tare da ƙananan ƙarancin ƙarfi (fetur, malosene, fararen ruhu). Ya kamata a zahiri, tunda duk abubuwan da ake amfani da su na iya zama abubuwa masu wahala, kuma yana gobarar da kansa.
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Bayyana kayan shaye-shaye:
A-na-nacheeded da datti farfajiya (idan ya cancanta, a farkon-mai rufi Layer) yana glued tare da goga ko morler;
B-birgima da yi don kada a kafa ninki ko kumfa a kan cuvase;
B-mirgafta tare da mai ruwa mai nauyi;
Mr. Rolls suna glued tare (10 cm);
D-A hankali ya birgima wuraren bulo tare da mama, yayin da manne ne daga seams.
Matsalar a cikin yin amfani da ruwa daga bututun mai shi ne cewa ba shi yiwuwa a ɗan sanya ceramic fale-falen falo, Mosaic, Lynoleum da sauran abubuwan da suka ƙare. Da farko kuna buƙatar yin sakin yashi. Haka kuma, maganin ciminti baya da kyakkyawan m da mitumen surfes, kuma kawai ya ta'allaka ne a kan Layer mai ruwancin ruwa. Ta hanyar rage kauri irin wannan "iyo" ya zama aƙalla 4cm. In ba haka ba, ciminti slab ba zai sami halayen karfin da ake buƙatar ba kuma ba zai tsaya cikar da wanka ba, injina, bayan gida, da sauransu. Yi hukunci da kanka: taro na katako na katako, cike da ruwa, - 250-350kg. Ba a rarraba nauyin guda ɗaya ba ko'ina cikin yankin, kuma ya mai da hankali ga maki huɗu. Idan babu abin kauri da ƙarfi, da screed a cikin waɗannan wuraren na iya murƙushe tare da fale-falen dumama a kanta. Ambaliyar ruwa ta birgima cikin ɗakin wanka kodayake yana buƙatar wasu ƙwarewa, amma ba ya cika kwana 1 tare da tsarin. Lokacin da ake buƙata don sake sake seleced da saitin ƙarfin da ake so shine aƙalla kwanaki 8. Vitogo don sanya tayon yumbu ko wasu kayan haɗin za a iya sarrafa su kawai bayan 1mes.
Limokol | 
Limokol | 
Limokol | 
Photo E.lichina |
4-6. Hydro-insulating tef da filastar daga kayan zane da aka yi amfani da su don kare ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da bututun ruwa suna glued kai tsaye zuwa tsarin hana ruwa.
7. arya da plasters daga na raɗkar ruwa mai guba suna da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar masu hana ruwa daga bango na Angalular da bango v. Budilsky, Arzilsky, Arzini A. Plutin).
Da karkarar ruwa na ruwa ya dogara da abin da kayan da aka yi. RBerioid, wanda ya danganta da kwali, za ta bauta wa 10-15 shekaru. Kayan aiki dangane da gilashin cholester da polyester- ya fi tsayi: shekaru 25-30. Zasu yi ayyukan su har sai da fitar da hankali na polymers, bitumen Layer ba zai zama mai rauni ba kuma ba zai fara rushewa ba. Akwai wani lokacin overhaul, kuma komai za a iya sake yin shi.
Ra'ayi na kwararre
Daga cikin kayan ruwa da yawa daban-daban da aka gabatar a cikin kasuwar cikin gida, mai masara mai ruwa mai narkewa ya dade yana kuma da tabbaci wanda aka mamaye shi. Misali, kayan "isoplast p" (epp-4,0) tare da karfafa tushe na gilashin ruwa, tushe, gabobin karkashin kasa, tungel, galleries, tafkuna da canals. Kamar yadda sakamakon tasirin kafofin watsa labarai da bambancin zafin jiki, yana riƙe da kayan amfani masu amfani na aƙalla shekaru 25-30. Sabili da haka, ana sanya shi cikin "Greenhouse" na gidan wanka a cikin gida tare da zazzabi akai-akai (bayan duk, leaks na gaggawa baya faruwa yau da kullun), zai bauta wa ya fi tsayi. Yawancin gunaguni ne sakamakon cin zarafin ƙa'idodin fasaha tare da ma'aikatan da ba a daidaita su ba, yana cika tufafinta ƙasa da 10 cm, kada ku fara da su a jikin bango ko cm, ba a haɗa su a jikin bango ko cm, ba su da alaƙa). Aikin da ba a daidaita ba zai iya yin sulhu kowane, har ma da mafi inganci kayan.
Oleg Berzin, Mataimakin Darakta na Izofleks-M
Lokaci shine kudi
Kayan kayan abinci, kwanan nan, galibi ana amfani da su don ɗakunan ruwa "rigar" da gidaje, gidaje, sun sami sunan su bisa ga hanyar aikace-aikacen su. Wadannan shirye-shiryen da aka shirya ko kayan ganye bushe wadanda suka juya cikin mass-mai siffa bayan sun sanya ruwa. Sun rufe ginanniyar gindin guda ɗaya na bakin ciki ko yadudduka da yawa (0.5--mm) tare da buroshi, roller ko spatuula. A takaice dai, yaudare cikin buƙatar kariya daga saman ruwa. Bayan kin amincewa, abubuwan da aka sanya suna samar da Layer mai hana ruwa. Akwai sauki da sauri don yin aiki a cikin ruwa mai narkewa, musamman a iyakance sarari na al'ada wanka daga ɗakuna da wando fiye da kayan masarufi. Ya kamata a haifa a cikin zuciyar cewa kowane irin yana da fasali.
Tsarin daki na ruwa "rigar" a kan zane na katako:
2- Fale-falen buraka;
3- Epoxy mafi girma ga seams;
4- Palyurethane manne;
5 - manne mai hana ruwa;
6-karfafa ciminti da ke da alaƙa da sinadarin;
7- rike abu;
8- membrane na ruwaitan ruwa.
Rigar ruwa "rigar" kayan gida:
Na biyu manne mai tsaftacewa;
3- rike kayan;
4- tef tef;
5-karfafa Ciminti Revenovate screed;
6- na roba shafi mai kare ruwa;
7 Canza abubuwa don gyara bututu.
Masastumen masastics- "Flahenicht" (Knaheny), Indesol (Indesol ", Russia), MPH-G (" Filishinan '', Matsa Filima An kera su daga bitumen oxidized tare da ƙari na abubuwan da kwayoyin halitta, flobi da polymers da ke kara elating na shafi. Mastics form a mafi kyawun riko da tushe fiye da tsauraran morls, mai tsayayya wa tasirin waje, amma kuma yana buƙatar tsari mai zuwa da screed. CEMENT TALEM MINE BA FASAHA A CIKIN SAUKI DA Bitumen. Wannan ma'anar kusan cikakkiyar adhesion don daidaitawa da kayayyaki masu guba: ("Glims"), "Strimms") ('Rasha ), Aquaszczel 820 (Kreisel, Jamus), Osmoflex ab (Index). Dangane da daidaito, wadannan talakawa suna da kauri. Aiwatar da su da spatuula a cikin yadudduka ɗaya ko biyu. Sakamakon shine rufin ruwa mai dorewa, wanda ya dace ba kawai ga ɗakunan wanka ba, har ma don shawa tare da pallet na fale-falen burodin ruwa, don pool bowls tare da tasirin ruwa. Petarin ƙarfin hana ruwa a kan tushen ciminti zai ba da grid ɗin da ke tattare da shi tsakanin na farko da na biyu. Lokaci na Wucewa kafin amfani da kayan kwalliya a cikin wadannan kayan shine kwanaki 2-5. Kera polymer na molzen (har zuwa 48 h). Suna kama da fenti, kuma tare da farfajiya ana rarraba su tare da buroshi ko morler. Wannan shine Hidroflex (litokol), Mapei), Ceresital), ceresaital cl 51 (henkel, Jamus), ciyawar 800 (cresel). A qagaggun samar da thinnest waterproofing Layer (0.5-1mm) da ake nufi don ganuwar da benaye na shawa, dakunan wanka, wanka, kitchens. Ka tuna cewa yana da sauƙin lalacewa don lalata Layer: kayan aiki mai ban sha'awa ko tafiya akan abubuwan da suka dace, kuma a kan sassan abubuwan da suka dace, suna iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi na hana ruwa.
Ra'ayi na kwararre
Tsarin aiki mai inganci yana da inganci ya dogara da daidaito na Mantters da tsarkakakke. Don haka, da kayan haɗin ciminti biyu, abubuwan polymer-polymer na polymer, abubuwan da suka shafi wanne cakuda da sanda, yana da mahimmanci a gauraya a cikin akwati mai tsabta cikin tsayayyen da masana'anta suka ayyana , tsananin lura da jerin aikin, wato: bushe foda yayi barci a cikin ruwa, Mix, bar na 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan wannan bayan wannan ya ci gaba zuwa aiki. Halin hali: Lokacin cin abinci ya kusanto, kuma ba a cinye mafita cikakke. An jefa shi. Bayan hutu, an cakuda sabon rabo a cikin akwati ɗaya. Don haka, kashi na biyu - kuɗin da aka zubar a kan iska. Tsohon abun da ke ciki a cikin sabon zai zama datti kawai. Wani Layer na irin wannan ruwa lokacin da aka allurar ruwa. Kafin kowane sabon durƙusa, ya zama dole don wanke kwandon da aka yi amfani da shi sosai. Don sauƙaƙa aikin gama na gama, akwai dalili kai tsaye don siyan hade, cike da cushe a cikin buhun, mai dadi ga durƙusa. Dangane da duk wani yanki na tsarin hana ruwa zai shirya a cikin akwati mai tsabta mai tsabta kuma ba tare da rabbai ba.
Nikolai ehuimenko, Daraktan Kasuwanci na Cibiyar Conce
Santsi, mai tsabta, bushe
Kalmomi waɗanda ke bayyana tushen da kyau kafin amfani da ruwa na kowane nau'in, daidaitaccen, kodayake wannan bai rage mahimmancin mahimmanci ba. A farfajiya kada ta sami kaifi mai kaifi, bawo da recesses. Ya halatta ba ya wuce 2mm. Dukkanin yunƙurin a daidaita da tushe tare da hana ruwa, kuma a cikin ƙarin m abubuwan da ke haifar da karuwa a cikin amfani da su. Dust, sauran masu riƙe da barbashi, ragowar tsohuwar mayafin da ke cikin mawuyacin hali ana iya cire shi ta hanyar tsabtace gida. Ana amfani da ƙasa ga kayan kwalliya. Zafi da ake buƙata na zafi - 4%. Danshi mai wuce gona da iri bayan aikin kare ruwa zai kasance a cikin ƙirar kuma zai ba da gudummawa ga lalacewa, leaching, asarar ɗaukar ƙarfin. Ya kamata a kiyaye sabon dangantaka cikin sharuddan (Cemun-Sandy - kwanaki 28) saboda yiwuwar kirkirar fasa sun zama kadan.
Architect N.Shevchenko Photo n.erbrryakova | 
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Mapei. |
8. Cibiyar alatu da bangon biyu biyu kawai mai sauki ne kuma mai amfani. Amma a wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar hana ruwa ba kawai bene ba ne, har ma ganuwar wanka, musamman ma waɗanda za su fada cikin ruwa.
9. Bayan haɗi mai cikakke, ciminti na motsi ana amfani da turɓaya tare da buroshi ko mai fashewa, yin yadudduka biyu.
10. Cakuda cakuda don hana ruwa na waje.
Asedarin wuraren haɗari sune gidajen abinci na kwance da ƙasa, musamman idan aka haɗa kayan da ake fama da haɗari guda biyu, kamar su m ƙasa da ganuwar GLC. Irin waɗannan mahadi ana kiran su motsi. Struts na farfajiya na farfajiya ana haɗa su, duk da haka, saboda banbanci a cikin ƙarin abubuwan haɗin kayan a kan gidajen, ruwan sha ana samun su sau da yawa. Kayan kare kayan kare ruwa ba sa yin tsayayya da manyan kaya a kan hutu. Sabili da haka, kafin amfani da mastic, duk kusurwa ana samfuri da kintinkiri na musamman na roba na musamman. An shimfiɗa shi tare da rarraba tsarin da girgiza bayan dawowar su zuwa wurin. An kiyaye matsanancin gidajen abinci.
"Abubuwan Saint-Goben Hausa kayayyakin Rus" | 
Fihirisa | 
Limokol |
11-13. Igiyoyin ruwa don geams ana amfani da su tare da abubuwan da ke tattare da ruwa.
Bari ya zama da wahala
Wani lokacin magina na bayarwa don yin bene a cikin gidan wanka ba ko da, amma tare da ƙaramin abin da ke cikin wanka, tsinkaye daga ƙananan ƙananan ruwa ko bututu mai bushewa, nan da nan barin buɗe sarari, Kuma wannan zai sa su nan da nan daukar mataki. A zahiri, irin wannan tsari ya ba da hujja ga ƙwayoyin Brigade, wanda har yanzu m na aiwatar da aikin da ruwa zai bayyana, kuma baya tsammani, da matsalolin shigarwa na wanka a bene, daga wanda kwanciyar hankali zai shafi haɗarin.An samar da tushen filayen ne kawai lokacin da aka samar da tsani a saman gida "rigar". Wannan abu ne mai matukar nutsuwa. Abokin aikin tsani zai wuta duk ruwan a ƙasa, kuma ana iya shigar da ɗakin wanka a cikin wannan yanayin ba tare da pallet kai tsaye a kan tayal. Amma ana aiwatar da irin waɗannan ayyukan sau da yawa a gidajen masu zaman kansu. A cikin launuka, irin wannan zane zai buƙaci mai mahimmanci matakin matakin, saboda rami na magudanar yana kan wani nesa daga bene. Bugu da kari, matattarar daga tsani dole ne ya sami ƙaramin ƙaura.
Ra'ayi na kwararre
Ana iya ɗaukar ruwa da bene na gidan wanka na aikin tattalin arziƙi wanda ke kiyaye maƙwabta daga ƙasan daga yiwuwar leaks. Muna ba da shawarar hydroze duk sararin samaniya da kuma a tsaye na ɗakunan "rigar". Wallan wanka daga ACEID, Lantarki, filastar faranti, wato, hygroscopic kayan, a gidajenmu ba sabon abu bane. A karkashin wasu yanayi, suna iya shan danshi. Misali, a cikin gidajen tsohon ginin a kan fentin bangon ko bango bangon waya, yana iyakance gidan wanka, zaka iya ganin fenti na peeling, filastar ko m. Kawai a wannan wuri, amma a gefe, jet na ruwa daga shawa ya fadi a bangon gidan wanka. Duk da gaskiyar cewa an lullube shi da fayawar yumɓu ko mosaic, ruwa ta hanyar seams bi da ciminti na iya shiga ƙarƙashin tayal. Tana guje wa can, daga inda ya fi sauƙi a ƙafe, wannan shine, a cikin dafa abinci. Ruwa na ruwa duk wuraren kewayen saman na santehkabina za ta cece daga irin wannan matsala. An fi so a wannan yanayin, kayan da aka yi amfani da su suna da kayan aikin hana ruwa mai kyau kuma a lokaci guda babban m adhesives. Littattafan sun danganta abubuwan haɗin roba da ke tattare da abubuwan rudani ko sumunti.
Alexander ya dawo, Daraktan Hitokol
Wanene ke da alhakin karfin jijiyoyin?
A lokutan Soviet, a cikin sabbin gine-gine, waɗanda aka ba da izini, zaku iya rayuwa nan da nan. Fitar da tsinkaye, muryar dafa abinci, bangon bango a kan bango - kowane abu yana cikin wuraren da ke ciki, da matakin bene da kuma katako a cikin wanka. Yanzu sababbin gidajen suna kama da kwalaye marasa amfani ba tare da bangare ba, tare da masu haɓakawa na dumama da ruwa, bututu don bututu da benaye. Azadach tsari daidai da ka'idojin gine-ginen da kuma buƙatun an tura su zuwa ga masu mallakar gidaje.
Wasu lokuta a cikin sabbin gidaje, gidan wanka shine zane-zane. Cabin ɗin da aka gama ƙare filin katako, wanda ya ƙunshi pallet na kankare tare da gefe da bango, an saka shi a cikin akwati ko kwalin katako kafin hawa dutsen. A wannan yanayin, gefen pallet na pallet siffofin da suka zama dole rokon. Koyaya, kayan aikinmu na sha'awa ta hanyar sha'awar ƙara yanki na gidan wanka, sau da yawa rushe ginanniyar ginin. Pallet ya zama ƙasa da yankin gidan wanka, kuma an tsabtace shi. Don haka, a cikin bene na gidan wanka ya juya jirgin sama na bulo, wanda ya zama dole (!) Wajibi ne don yin ruwancin ruwa.
KnAUF. | 
Mapei. | 
Mapei. |
14.The Flahenicht (KNAUF) yana da kyakkyawan tasoshi tare da baƙin ƙarfe mai cike da baƙin ƙarfe da ƙananan busassun ƙarfe. An tsara shi don aikin ciki da na ciki.
15-16. Polymer-ciminti ciminti kayan ruwa ana kafa shi ne bisa tsarin roba na radiyo mai hana ruwa (15). PolyMecic mastic bayan amfani da farfajiya da kumaɗa ruwa wanda ke canzawa a cikinsu an canza shi cikin bakin ciki na bakin ciki, wanda ke riƙe da kadarorin ruwa a kananan fasahar (16).
Da fatan za a lura: Ko da an sake gina sashin gindin ginannun ɗakin da aka gindaya wanda aka gina na iya ƙunsar sakamakon da ba shi da wata rashin lafiya. Yawancin lokaci a cikin ƙirar akwai bangare tsakanin gidan wanka da bayan gida. Yana aiki a matsayin wani abu na ƙiyayya da ya ɗaure bango biyu. Bayan rushewar juzu'i, ƙirar ta zama filin wasan kwaikwayo: bangon biyu daga kayan gado ba tare da sauri ba. Tabbas, kayan bangon yana da sassauci kuma yana tsayayya da ƙananan ɓarna, ba lalacewa ba. Amma duk abin da aka daidaita akan bango-tane yana fuskantar, shelves, akwatuna, nutse, basu da irin wannan motsi kuma fada. Hydenly, idan wannan ya faru a cikin rashi ... Aesl, ka ce, "Ribbon" ba bangon bane, da bututun ruwa (cranes) a cikin ruwan sanyi da zafi. Wanene zai mamaye ruwa? Kuma yana da ingancin iska mai inganci a cikin wannan yanayin? A halin yanzu, yau akwai tsarin sarrafa ruwa mai yawa. Idan za mu ba da na'urori masu auna na'urori na musamman na cruster, shigar da bawuloli masu ɗorewa ko ƙwallon ƙafa tare da wutar lantarki, yayin haɗari, atomatik zai toshe ruwa. Za mu faɗi game da shi a ɗayan lambobin log ɗin da ke gaba.
1-Layer na kayan ruwa;
2-erbbobi kintinkiri a cikin sasanninta;
3-filastar kusa da rami mai zurfi;
4-manne;
5- tarin faimal.
Wasu nau'ikan kayan ruwa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wanka
| Suna, masana'anta, ƙasa | A takaice bayanin | Abin asali | Amfani, kg / m2, tare da Layer 1mm | A shiri na farfajiya zuwa tsinkaye mai zuwa, h | Packaging, kg. | Farashin, Rub. |
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| Mepugum wps. (Mapei, Italiya) | Shirya don amfani da haske mai launin toka mai launin toka wanda ya dogara da watsawar ruwa na polymers | Tawayen plasterboard, gysum, magnesia, anhydritic da kuma filastik, gas da kumfa na tayal tayun da dutse na zahiri | 1.5 | 12-24. | 5/10/25 | 980 / 1800 / 4400. |
| "Gogendikt" (Knsuuf, Jamus) | Shirye don amfani da wannan bai ƙunshi emulun-bitumen emulsion ba | Kankare, filastocin (lemun tsami, Siminti, gypsum), Glk, GWL, Brick kuma Stone Masoncks, Asbestoscement, Itace, Chipboard, Fiberboard, Polyurethane, Polyfoam, Tile fuskantar, Metal | 1.5-2.4 1- a kan GNC | huɗu | 6. | 1150. |
| Hidroflex. (Ɗakunan ɗan (Italiya) | Shirya don amfani da manna mai amfani wanda dangane da rernt rudani | Ciminti dangantaka ko filastar, saman daga filastar, gvl, gvl, bangarorin katako | 1,3 | 24. | 10/20 | 1950 / 3750. |
| Ceresit CH 51. (Henkel, Jamus) | Shirya don amfani da taro na polymer | Kankare, cimink-yean sandunan sand da plasters, bulo da masonry, leveled talakawa, annydride dangantaka, anhydride | 1,4. | goma sha shida | goma sha biyar | 1700. |
| Osmoflex ab. (Index, Italiya) | Biyu-hade da polymer polymer comet | Kankare, cimind-yashi danganta da filastar, ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar membrane na roba, a shirye don kammalawa | 1,6 | 12 | 33.7 jaka 25. garwa 8,7 | 4650. |
| Sopro DSF 523. (Sopero, Rasha, Poland, Jamus) | Na rashawa-wani abu na cakuda ruwa | Kayan masana'antu da aka yi da kankare, ciminti da lemun tsami-ciminti plaster, wall metry tare da m cikakken seams (ban da gauraye masarautar) | 1.4-1.5 | 4-6.5 | ashirin | 3200. |
| "Layer na kariya" ("Daliban", Russia) | Dry bushe na ma'adinai daure ya wadatar da kasuwar ma'adini, da ƙari na sinadarai | Kankare da bagaden dutse | 1,7 | 48-96 | 5/25 | 195 / 825. |
| "Glimc-Bodostop" ("Glims", Russia) | Dry Hermetring Cinikin CMEL | Baftisma, Kemenny, Kippy, tsarawa | 1.5 | 24. | 4/20 | 206 / 827. |
| Ardux s 1-k, (Ardox, Jamus) | Shirye don amfani da watsawa wanda bai ƙunshi abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi | Bases daban-daban (bangon da bene) a karkashin tiled | 1,1 | 12 | 16/18 | 1900 / 350. |
| Superflex 1. (Deitermann, "Abubuwan Saint-Goben Hausa kayayyakin Rus", Russia, Finland) | Shirya don amfani da fim ɗin insulating bayanai dangane da dakatarwar abubuwan roba | Labarin ma'adinai, tsohuwar kirji na sutturar sutturori, suturar bango dauke da gypsum, manyan benaye | 1,6 | 24. | 24. | 4750. |
Editocin suna godiya da kamfanin "Ofris", "Isoflex-m", "Mapvent Don Omar", "Mapeol, kungiyar CNAku, kungiyar CNAku, kungiyar CNAku, kungiyar CNAku, rukuni na CNAku.
An shirya kayan bisa sakamakon binciken masu karatu a shafin yanar gizon "ƙirƙirar sabbin ra'ayoyi."