Matatun matsin lamba: Hanyoyi don tsabtace ruwan sha, matakai, matakai, kayan soorption, nau'in na'urori. Shawarwari masu amfani.
Tattaran Desport na "Likishin Ruwa", wanda ake amfani dashi azaman matakin ƙarshe na tsabtatawa "Track Membrane"
Model "Aquafor-na zamani" m da kyan gani
Filin saman butter "Afiphor B300"
Canjin bututun bututun mai cirewa "cousp mini-Suite"
Domin gaba ɗaya, mutum ya sha kusan tan 50 na ruwa. Shin ya cancanci bayyana yadda ake wasa da ingancin ingancin sa?
Wannan kayan bita yana ci gaba da jerin abubuwan da suka fara labarin "tace don ruwa - ɗaukar hoto ko wajibi." Wannan tattaunawar ta yi game da ingancin ruwan sha na ruwa mai gudana daga fasahar gidajenmu (tsarin samar da ruwa na birni), kuma mun isa ga asalinsu wanda aka buƙaci ruwa don tsabtace , da birni.
Dukkanin matattarar gidan da ke bayarwa ta zamani, za a iya tsara mu a shirye-shirye zuwa rukuni biyu: mu kasu kashi biyu: tarawa da matsin lamba.
Cikin Tace-rafin Tsaftacewa yana faruwa tare da nazarin ruwa na ruwa ta hanyar ƙarshen tott. Littattafan da ke cikin dabbobi na biyu ne tare da damar 1.5 zuwa 3.5 lita da kuma mafi karancin takaddama 3-15l, wanda muka fada a ƙarshe.
Tace matsin lamba Sun bambanta da cewa don yin ruwa ruwa ta hanyar abubuwan tace, ana buƙatar matsin lamba. Su, bi da bi, za a iya kasu kashi biyu:
Murmushi ta amfani da hanyoyin tsarkakewa: tace na inji (maras nauyi da matsanancin-bakin ciki), musayar kowane abu (game da kowane ɗayansu da yawa);
Matters dangane da osmosis na baya, wanda Membrane ke jinkirta kusan dukkan abubuwa banda ruwa. Ana iya faɗi wannan hanyar tsabtatawa ta duniya, tana ba ku damar samun ruwan matsakaici mai tsabta.
Domin kada ka sanya ka da bayani tare da bayani, a yau zamu maida hankali kan matattarar kungiya ta farko ta amfani da hanyoyin tsabtace na gargajiya, kuma labarin akan tsarin osmosis zai buga daga baya.
Rashin daidaituwa na ruwan birane
Ruwa Shigowar ruwa da tasowa daga cikin crane na gidan birni, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana ɗaukar bukatun Sarki 2.1.4.1074-01 (fiye da wannan tambayar ta rufe labarin "ruwa tace" ). Zanen gado na microbiology ne yarda. Amma abubuwan da aka gaya wa abubuwan da aka gaya wa ruwa, ƙanshin, launi, ba koyaushe ya dace da masu sayen ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ta ƙunshi kilogiram da samfuran sa tare da kayan ƙwayoyin cuta; Dakatarwar inji (il, yashi, tsatsa); Sakandare samfuran gurbata.A baya can, ban da Yla, Sand da Rust sun haɗa da gassolved gas, kwayoyin halitta, petrooleum it. Kasancewar samfuran lalata na biyu a cikin ruwan da ke hade da lamarin da ya ci gaba cikin abubuwan amfani: wanne bututun, lokacin da kuma yadda ake haƙa hanyoyin sadarwa mai tsayi.
Ra'ayi na kwararru
Vadim Andreevich Kulikovsky, dan takarar ilimin lissafi da kuma babban daremal na kamfanin "ruwa mahaifiyar".
Wane masaniyar Cabin za'a fi so?
- Ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan sequents guda uku a cikin matattarar ruwa don tsabtace ruwan sha: bullular bulakke, extruded da fibrous (fiber fiber).
Don shari'ar farko, graniulate kawai faɗo barci cikin gidaje. Lokacin wucewa ta wannan bayan baya, ɓangare na ruwan da ke gudana tare da bangon an tsabtace shi kusan sau 2 fiye da wanda ke tafiya cibiyar. Amma ruwa koyaushe yana ƙoƙarin tafiya tare da hanyar ƙaramin juriya tare da bangon da aka kwarara ko ta mafi girma "ramuka" tsakanin granules. Pressing Couty yana halayyar da kuka fi girma, amma har yanzu yana riƙe da wasu daga cikin kasawararta: manyan pores da motsi tare da motsi a bangon mai yiwuwa ne.
Matakan fiber Carbon suna da babban ƙarfin soron, ko kuma, kawai, zai iya ɗaukar adadin gurbata da yawa a kowane ɓangaren nasu. Suna da mafi kyawun kurtu. An yi bayani game da gaskiyar cewa "dandamali dandamali", a kan abin da aka adana hotuna, a cikin fiber fiber carbon sun fi araha. Ana samun sahun daga cikin kusurwa ta waje, don zuwa wurin zamantakewar ciki da wahala. Wanda aka zargin da wannan dan wasan Sorbents na Granular suna da cewa gajiya, wannan shine lokacin da "dandamali na ƙasa zai iya ɗaukar wani lokacin gurbata na ciki, amma babu wani damar zuwa gare shi .
Domin dan wasan Sorbent har yanzu yana da sabon rabo na gurbatawa, yana buƙatar "huta" daga babban ruwa ruwa. A yayin "nishaɗin", wani ɓangare na gurbataccen pricoutous zai ci gaba da yaduwa a cikin pores na ciki (maida hankali ne), a sakamakon abin da aka gabatar a waje za a sake shi Kasance a shirye don aiki. Don fibrous Sorbent, da "Gajiya na" Gaji "a cikin ƙa'idodin ba ya zama bakin ciki sosai, sabili da haka" zama "a kansu ya fi araha. Sakamakon haka, damar Sorption na fiber mai sau 4-7 sau fiye da na granular. Bugu da kari, gidan 'fiber, da ya bambanta da Granules, yana motsawa sosai, kuma ko da kuma wani wuri tsakanin zarafi, da ruwa, da sauri ya tashi, saboda haka lahani.
Gaskiya ne, akwai carbohyder Daya mahimman halartar yanci, farashinsa ne sau 2-3 fiye da farashin kwalayen granade. Babban matattarar farashi wanda ke dogara da kayan fiber carbon yana tsoratar da masu siye. Yajin aiki. Idan ka lissafa farashin ruwa na 1l ya tsarkaka ta carbon fiber da kadada, to darajar farko zata zama kusan sau 1.54 kasa da na biyu (carbon fiber da yawa fiye da na biyu (fiber carbon yafi damar yin soron sauki). Don haka, daga batun binciken tattalin arzikin, carbon m kan fi so.
Madadin ra'ayi
Vladimir Nikolaevich Fedotov, Babban Daraktan Masana'antu:
- Sorbents fibrous sorbents ne da kyau da kyau fiye da Kanning na Morpong. Wannan sananne ne. Amma ga ƙarfin sorbents na nau'ikan daban-daban, to, dangane da kashi na nauyi, shi duka kusan iri ɗaya ne. Amma Bitar kwakwalwa tana da rahusa. Ba abin mamaki a cikin samfuran masu samar da mafi girma a duniya, yana da wuya a sami samfuran da zaren mai kwal.
Matattara na mataki biyu
Masana da muka yi bincikenta da mu sun yarda cewa don magance abubuwanda aka lissafa a sama a mafi yawan lokuta (wato, tare da nazarin da aka mallake su), ya zama dole kuma ya isa ga matakai biyu. Mataki na farko shine tsabtatawa na inji wanda aka cire samfuran sakandare na biyu. Mataki na biyu shine a cire chlorine da samfuran hulɗa tare da kwayoyin, kayan halitta da narkar da gas.
Tsabtacewar farko yana ƙara rayuwar sabis na mataki na biyu, ƙari, baya bada izinin rage tasirin aikin ta saboda hawan ta hanyar sa, yana kawo ruwa.
Zai yuwu a tsawaita rayuwar matatar gida, musamman matakin tsabtatawa na farko a cikin tsarin samar da ruwa 50-100 μm) ko kuma shimfidar ciyawar na 5-10μm). Ya fi kyau amfani da duka biyun. Wannan zai ba ku damar amintar da matatar matsin lamba ba tare da matakin farko ba kuma, ba shakka, yana da fa'ida a cikin jihar tsabta da kayan gida ta amfani da ruwa. Idan kusa da tushen shan ruwa a cikin gidan, dafa abinci yana wanka da kayan abinci, zaku iya tafiya daga matakin tsabtace kafin a matse shi (akwai kuma) da kuma wankewa da kuma wasu dabaru daga ciki. A kan bukatun sha, irin wannan tace tana ɗaukar ƙaramin sashi na ruwan da ya mamaye.
Matsayi na biyu na tsabtace na'urorin da kasuwa ke iya aiki ɗayan ka'idodi guda biyu: mPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPAPY ARABONA KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA ALOLY DA SIFFOFI.
Kayan Sorption
A cikin matattarar matsin lamba da aka yi amfani da carbon guda uku: granulateder na gudummawa, castruded ma fiber carbon. Yawancin masana'antun suna amfani da nau'ikan farko biyu. Haka kuma, mai da aka yi amfani da kwalba da aka yi amfani da shi, ba Birch bane, kamar yadda yake da ikon Sorv of. Ana amfani da kamfanonin Rasha guda biyu: "Aquafshor" (Akvalen Fiber) da "ruwan Uba".Kamfanin "Geyser" da aka kirkira kuma cikin nasara yana aiki a matsayin kayan tacewa da aka ba da izini gwargwadon tsarin polymer, tare da ingantaccen tsarin polymer, tare da filayen Labyrhed Lawber da pores daga 0.1 zuwa 3.5 μm. Dangane da masana'anta, wannan kayan yana da tasiri a hade hada adsorption, musayar musayar da injin. Bugu da kari, ana nuna shi ta hanyar tasirin Quasi-santsi, har ma tare da babban ƙarfin ruwa, ba a kafa sikelin ba, da kuma hazo a sauƙaƙe ruwa da ruwa.
Ulthift
An aiwatar da Ulmictrtther ta amfani da membrane na nau'ikan daban-daban, kamar yumbu da "waƙoƙi". A ƙarshen ya cancanci kasancewa cikin ƙarin bayani.
Kamfanin "ECCMBRANI" tana ba da sabon likita "na ruwa", jigon abin tsabtatawa na zamani da na kwayar cuta ta kwantar da hankali ta amfani da "Track Membrane". The "Track Membrane" Fim ɗin Polymer, musamman kan aiwatar da ƙananan pores "wayoyi" (microtubule) tare da diamita na 0.2-0.3 MKM. Suna cikin fim tare da yawa na har zuwa miliyan 400 a 1 cm2. Dangane da masana'anta, fasaha "likita na ruwa" yana ba ku damar tsabtace ruwa daga ɗakunan ƙwayoyin cuta (da baƙin ƙarfe na ƙwayar cuta), waɗanda aka narkewar ƙwayoyin cuta, da na aluminum, 100% sunfita ruwa daga kowace ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙungiyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na patlogenic , yana rage yawan tattara magungunan kashe qwari, metals masu nauyi (tabbatar da takardar shaidar). A lokaci guda, abubuwa masu amfani da abubuwan da aka gano an kiyaye su cikin ruwa. Za'a iya amfani da "Track Membrane" don ruwa tare da gurbataccen gurbatawa, inda wasu masu tace sun gaza albarkatu da sauri.
Ra'ayi na kwararru
Boris Evenevich Ryabchikov, ma'aikaci na SSC na Rasha na samar da kayan fasaha na VNI, Likita na shirin ruwa na masana'antu "(2004, Gidan Buga na Delhi).
Yaushe za a canza kicin?
Yawancin kamfanoni sun sanya dabi'u guda biyu na masu nuna alamar hanya - A cikin zuriyar dabbobi da kuma a lokacin aiki (daga watanni biyu zuwa shekara). A matsayinka na mai mulkin, lokacin da aka ƙaddara sigogi masu zuwa: Matsakaicin amfani da ruwa a rana tare da mutum ɗaya kuma yana haɓaka yawan dangin, matsakaita ana samun adadin iyali. Sannan rayuwar sabis na tace a cikin matatar zuriyar dabbobi an rarrabu ta hanyar darajar matsakaiciyar yau da kullun, kuma ta haka ne ke yin lissafin canji a cikin katako. Da kyau, ba shakka, lokacin musanya an ƙaddara shi da la'akari da amincin ƙwayoyin cuta. Don haka, idan ana amfani da ruwa, don sanya shi a hankali, ƙarancin inganci, a bayyane yake cewa ya gabatar da wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ko da tace ta ba ta rasa su ba, wannan ba yana nufin cewa kowa zai mutu nan da nan. Za su sauka kan kicin (musamman microbes masu ƙaunar mur kayan kwalliya) kuma suna iya fara ninka. Bayan haka, menene tace gida? Yana da dumi, da ruwa yana cikin ciki koyaushe. "Heat da raw" shine yanayin iri ɗaya wanda yake da kyau sosai don ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta. Kamar yadda masana suka ce, tace ta fara "adadi da gashin gashi".
Idan kayi amfani da matattara koyaushe (sabon sassan ruwan chloroated kullun koyaushe yana shigata), ofancin ɓoyayyiyar ba zai yi girma sosai ba. Amma lokacin da wasu dalilai ba ku amfani da tace na dogon lokaci (tafiya ta kasuwanci), ƙarancin ɓarna na iya ƙaruwa akai-akai. Sakamakon haka, mafita na tace cikin ruwa na iya zama mahimmancin ƙwararrun ƙananan rayuwar ƙwayoyin cuta. A bayyane yake cewa shan irin wannan ruwan ba shi da haɗari.
Don rage yawan ɓarna, ta hanyar ƙara rayuwar kwanakin bakin, yawancin masana'antun ƙara a cikin su. Amma bai kamata a yi tunanin cewa azurfa ba panacea daga duk fushi. Yawan lafiya ga lafiyar ɗan adam wanda yake ƙunshe a cikin katako, ƙwayoyin cuta na azurfa baya kashe, yana da matukar rage saurin ci gaban su. Abin da ya sa bai cancanci amincewa da shi ta hanyar kiran da ake kira ga wasu masu kera kuwaya da masu siyarwa ba: "tararmu gaba ɗaya yana lalata microorganisms!" Don fara zuwa ga keɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyin cuta, ya kamata a saka cikin ruwa cikin ruwa da yawa MPC (0.05 MG / L), amma a cikin wadataccen abu (MPCs ya gabatar da shi ba a duk a banza!). A bayyane yake cewa babu mai masana'anta zai tafi don hakan.
Gabaɗaya, don kare kansu daga matsala, ya zama dole don lura (jaddada!) Kiyaye canjin da maye gurbin da a cikin kwandon shara da a cikin kwanon. Don sauƙaƙe mafita na aikin, yana da daraja siyan tace tare da tsarin nuni. Wannan na iya zama kamar mai nuna alamar ranar sauyawa ta gaba, da kuma cikakken tsarin atomatik wanda ya haskaka buƙatar ɗaukar hoto. Abubuwan da sauran alamomi yanzu suna kammala matattararsu ba kasashen waje ba kawai, amma kuma masana'antun gidaje (yi hakuri da ba komai bane!).
Ya kamata a ambata game da adalci game da cikakken tsari gaba ɗaya, kamar yadda ake kiran su masu kerawa, "kasawar kai". Suna aiki kawai: Lokacin da ke haɓaka albarkatu, tace matatar rage (kuma a maimakon haka) matsa lamba na tsarkakakken ruwa. Amma irin wannan "alamomin" na iya zama ba a amince da lafiya ba. Misali, tare da adadi kaɗan na yin la'akari a cikin ruwa, tace tatar zai sake saita kai kamar yadda daga cikin kabad ɗin mai zai samar da kayan sa. Don haka, kamar yadda suke cewa, suna fatan "abin da kai ne", da kansa ...
Yves ƙarshe game da hanyoyin da ake da shi don magance kwayoyin cuta a cikin tace. Wasu kamfanonin suna sanye da kayan kwalliyar zumunta biyu da uku da ke taimaka wa wannan masifa. Hasli Kuna da tsayayyen sha'awar a cikin tace gida na ultraviolet, kuma a cikin gidan akwai cikakken tacewa mai gamsarwa, canza shi zuwa sabon, tare da Jiyya na UV, ba lallai ba ne. Ya isa ya sayi tsarin diskifecting kuma saka shi tsakanin tace da crane don tsabtataccen ruwa. Irin waɗannan ƙananan na'urorin UV suna ba da su a kasuwarmu ta Afiapro (Koriya ta Kudu), "albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa", Rasha), RSUWA) da sauransu. Ana sanya fitilar na Mercury-ma'adanai a cikin gidajen ƙarfe na bakin karfe, wanda aka tsara don matsin lamba na 10 atm. Kuma sanye take da kayan haɗi biyu don haɗawa da ruwa (haɗin haɗin yanar gizon da sauri don bututun filastik). Lamilin arzikin - 9000 hours (kamar shekaru 1 na aiki). Yi - daga 4 zuwa 30 lita / min. Na'urar sanye take da isar da wutar lantarki (220v) da mai sarrafawa wanda zai kunna / kashe fitilar lokacin buɗe don tsabtatawa ruwa (yana ceton fitilar don tsabtatawa (yana ceton fitilar don tsabtatawa. Amfani da wutar lantarki - daga 10 zuwa 200w. Kammalallen isarwa ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen filastik don masu ɗaukar fansa na UV DONCECNECECECK akan bango. Farashin waɗannan na'urori sun fito ne daga $ 150 zuwa $ 330. Ya hada da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi, sabili da haka mafi arha.
M da "Iron"
Ba zai yiwu ba za a yi la'akari da ruwa na bututun ruwa na birane ba zai iya bambanta sosai a cikin ƙa'idodin kafa. A saukake, a cikin kowane birni ruwa shine nasa, kuma a cikin biranen da aka lura da bambance-bambance da aka lura tsakanin kowane gundumomi biyu. Waɗannan bambance-bambance suna ƙaruwa da ƙiyayya ko abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe, wani lokacin kuma duka biyun.
Daga cikin shingen katangar da aka bayar ta hanyar kasuwar zamani ta bayar da tsari wanda ya cece su daga waɗannan masifirta. Masu kera suna tafiya cikin hanyoyi biyu. Ajiye, an ƙara karar a cikin coundridge Layer na musicascate kayan abu (graniulated ko fibrous). A na biyun, sun kirkiro ƙarin mataki na uku na shulakanci ko taushi, kuma wani lokacin tare tare (tace ta zama uku ko hudu). A bayyane yake cewa kwandon, alal misali, a kan madaurin salts a matattara tare da ƙari ne sosai ƙasa da na ƙananan mataki wanda a cikin ɗayan mataki ne sadaukar don laushi. Amma a cikin wannan kuma a cikin wani hali, ya kamata a ɗauka a tuna cewa masu tace su ce kawai lokacin da MPC ba ta da girma sosai don kulawa da wayo da gishiri. Idan ruwan yayi tsauri (7mg-eq / l) ko akwai baƙin ƙarfe (1mg / l), masu tace sun sayar a cikin hanyar stoil ba za a iya ceci damar coardridge ba ne, kuma sau da yawa suna canza aikinta abu ne mai lalacewa).
Zai iya taimakawa cewa tashar aikin magani, ko ta atomatik ko ta atomatik kuma ta atomatik da sanye take da sanyin gwiwa ko kuma mai iya aiki mai ƙarfi. Amma ana ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan tashoshin a ƙarƙashin takamaiman tsari daidai gwargwado da nazarin ruwa kuma suna da tsada.
A halin yanzu ana amfani da shi don tsarkakewar ruwa na ruwa ta amfani da abubuwa uku: Murmushi akan famfon tebur, matattarar tebur da masu tace a ƙarƙashin matattarar. Sakamakon wadannan kungiyoyi za a tattauna a cikin labarai uku.