Akayunguruzo: Uburyo bwo gusukura amazi yo kunywa, kurwara intambwe, ibikoresho byumutima, ibikoresho byubwenge, ubwoko bwibikoresho. Ibyifuzo bifatika.
Urukurikirane rwa desktop rwa murukurikirane rwa "Amazi Muganga, rukoreshwa nkicyiciro cyanyuma cyo gusukura" inzira membrane "
Icyitegererezo "Aquaphor-Ijyambere" yoroheje kandi irashimishije
Kuramo Akayunguruzo Nozzle "Aquaphor B300"
Kuyungurura Akayunguruzo Nozzle "Crite Mini-Suite"
Kubuzima bwose, umuntu anywa toni zigera kuri 50. Birakwiye gusobanura uburyo ubwiza bwayo bukinishwa?
Ibi bikoresho byo gusuzuma birakomeje urukurikirane rwibitabo byatangiye ingingo "Akayunguruzo - Caprice cyangwa ibikenewe." Ikiganiro kiganiro cyagiye kubwiza amazi yo kunywa kiva mu rutare rw'inzu yacu (sisitemu yo gutanga amazi ya komini) no mu mazi atabishaka), kandi twabonye umwanzuro w'amazi utamuteye), kandi twaje ku mwanzuro w'amazi udahengutse ko amazi ava mu moko yayo asabwa kugira ngo amazi akorerwa , na komine.
Muyunguruzi murugo rwatanzwe nisoko rya kijyambere, twagabanyijemo ibice byiciro bibiri: guhuriza hamwe nigitutu.
In Muyungurura-drives Gusukura bibaho hamwe nibisubizo bisanzwe byamazi binyuze muyungurura. Ibisigazwa nibyabigenewe bifite ubushobozi bwa litiro 1.5 kugeza kuri 3.5 hamwe nibice byabo byagutse 3-15l twabwiye igihe cyanyuma.
Akayunguruzo Baratandukanye muri ibyo kugirango batemba amazi binyuze muyunguruzi, igitutu kirasabwa. Nabo, barashobora kwigabanyamo amatsinda abiri:
Akayunguruzo ukoresheje uburyo bwo kweza kera: Gukandagira Mechanical Shushanya (Coarse, Ultra-Gunanuka), Guceceka, Ion Guhana no Kumagambo (kuri buri kintu nacyo twabwiye);
Akayunguruzo gashingiye kuri Osmose ya Resmose, aho kuyunguruzo Membrane bidindiza ibintu byose usibye molekile y'amazi. Ibi birashobora kuvugwa, uburyo bwogusukura kwisi yose, bikakwemerera kubona amazi meza.
Kugirango tutarenzeho amakuru, uyumunsi tuzibanda kuyungurura itsinda rya mbere dukoresheje uburyo bwa Osmose butanga umusaruro uzatangaza nyuma.
Ibibi by'amazi yo mu mijyi
Amazi yinjira mu mazi kandi avuka kuri crane yo mu mijyi, nk'itegeko, bisaba kwitegura neza no kuzuza ibisabwa muri Sanpun 2.1.4.1074-01 (Birenze iki kibazo - Ikiyunguruzi cy'amazi - Caprice " ). Impapuro za mikorobiologiya ziremewe. Ariko imitungo yawe ya ofline yatangajwe amazi, impumuro, ibara, ntabwo buri gihe abaguzi. Ibi biterwa nuko ikubiyemo chlorine nibicuruzwa byayo nibicuruzwa byingenzi; Ihagarikwa rya mashini (il, umucanga, ingese); Ibicuruzwa byanduye.Mbere, usibye YLA, umucanga n'ingese birimo imyuka yashonze, ibice kama, ibicuruzwa bya peteroli, ni. Kubaho kw'ibicuruzwa byanduye bya kabiri mu mazi bifitanye isano n'ibihe byateye imbere muri ibikorwa: iyo miyoboro, igihe nuburyo amazi y'amazi yasanwe.
Igitekerezo cy'abahanga
Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo cy'isosiyete, umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo cy'isosiyete, umuyobozi mukuru w'isosiyete, umukandida w'ikigo cy'uruhu. "Amazi Payland".
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubabara amakara arirugero?
- Ubwoko butatu bwububabare bwakara bukoreshwa mugusukura amazi yo kunywa: ubwinshi bwa granular, na fibrous kandi fibrous (fibre ya karubone).
Ku rubanza rwa mbere, imfura irasinzira gusa mu nzu. Iyo unyuze muri iyi backfill, igice cyamazi gitemba kurukuta rusukurwa inshuro 2 zirenze imwe zinyura hagati. Ariko amazi ahora agerageza kugendera munzira yo kurwanya utuntu duto kurukuta rwa kontineri cyangwa unyuze mu mwobo munini hagati ya granules. Gukandagira coal kwitwara neza kuruta ubwinshi, ariko biracyagumana bimwe mubitagenda neza: Pore nini kandi kugenda neza kurukuta birashoboka.
Akayunguruzo ka karubone gafite ubushobozi bunini bubabaza, cyangwa, gusa, birashobora kugaragariza umubare munini wanduye kuri buri gice cyuburemere bwabo. Bafite kinetike nziza. Irasobanurwa nukuri ko "ibibuga byo kugwa", aho guhumeka kwahumanya, muri fibre fibre fibre ya karubone irahendutse. Inguni yabigizemo uruhare ahanini na pores yo hanze, kugirango igere kumyaka yimbere yanduye biragoye. Bivugwa kuri iyi mvugo yuburanda yiswe Umunaniro, iyi ni mugihe "urubuga rwamanuka" muri pores yo hanze rumaze gutwarwa, kandi nubwo abapfumu bashobora gufata undi mubare munini wanduye kubera uburozi bwimbere, ariko nta kubigeraho .
Kugirango ubabaye gukomeretsa igice gishya cyumwanda, akeneye "kuruhuka" kurwara amazi. Mugihe cyo "kwidagadura", igice cyumwanda cyafashwe na pore yo hanze kizanyura kuri diffusion muri post yimbere (kwibanda kurwara "bizavamo" akayunguruzo " Witegure gukora. Kubibazo bya fibrous, ibintu bya "umunaniro" muburyo butabaho, fibre yamakara ni yoroheje, bityo "iratwicara" kuri bo iraryohewe cyane. Nkigisubizo, ubushobozi bwurugero bwa fibre yamakara ni inshuro 4-7 kurenza uko granular. Byongeye kandi, fibre y'amakara, bitandukanye n'inzabibu, iragenda neza, ndetse niyo yaba hagati ya fibre hazaba "umuyoboro", amazi, gukiza, bityo gukira, bityo, inenge.
Nibyo, hari ubwato bumwe bwihuse, igiciro cyacyo ni inshuro 2-3 kurenza ikiguzi cyamakara ya granular. Akazu k'ibiciro bishingiye kuri karubone ka karubone itera ubwoba abaguzi. Imyigaragambyo. Niba ubara ikiguzi cyamazi ya 1l cyerekanwe na karubone ya karubone hamwe na karubone, noneho agaciro ka mbere kazaba hafi inshuro 1.5-2 munsi ya kabiri (fibre ya karubone niyo ifite ubushobozi bunyamaswa). Noneho, duhereye ku bukungu, imbaraga za karubone ni byiza.
Ikindi gitekerezo
Vladimir Nikolaevich Fegotov, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Technologies:
- Umubabaro wa fibrous mubyukuri urenze kwimika. Ibi birazwi. Nko kubushobozi bwumubabaro wubwoko butandukanye, hanyuma mubijyanye nigice cyuburemere, byose ni bimwe. Ariko amakara ya cocout ahendutse cyane. Ntibitangaje ku bicuruzwa byatanga ibicuruzwa binini ku isi, ntibisanzwe kubona ibicuruzwa byuzuyemo fibre.
Iyungurura
Abahanga barabasiwe natwe bemeje ko kurwanya inenge zavuzwe haruguru mu bihe byinshi (ni ukuvuga hamwe n'amazi asanzwe, birakenewe kandi bihagije ko umuyunguruzi ufite intambwe ebyiri. Intambwe yambere ni ugusukura imashini kubicuruzwa byanduye byavanyweho. Intambwe ya kabiri nugukuraho chlorine nibicuruzwa byimikoranire hamwe nibintu kama, kama ndetse na gaze yashonze.
Isuku ibanziriza ikiyongera bwongerera serivisi yicyiciro cya kabiri, mubyukuri, ntabwo yemerera kugabanya imikorere y'ibikorwa byayo kubera kuzamuka no kuboha, kuzana amazi.
Birashoboka kwagura cyane ubuzima bwuyungurura, cyane cyane icyiciro cyayo cyambere, mugushiraho uburyo bwo gusuhuza amazi: mesh (hamwe nubunini bwamagare 50-100 Isuku nziza (hamwe nubunini bwa pore ya 5-10μm). Nibyiza kurushaho gukoresha byombi. Ibi bizagufasha kubona umupira wamahoro udafite icyiciro cya mbere kandi birumvikana, bizagira akamaro muri leta yisuku nibikoresho byo murugo ukoresheje amazi. Niba hafi y'isoko y'amazi yo kunywa mu nzu, igikoni cyarimo koza no koza ibikoresho, urashobora kuva mu kayunguruzo n'intambwe ikomeye yo gukora isuku (Hano hamwe) no kwisiga ibikoresho n'ibindi tekinike. Kunywa ibinyobwa, akayunguruzo gatwara igice gito cyamazi yiganje.
Icyiciro cya kabiri cyo gusukura ibikoresho gitangwa nisoko kirashobora gukora rimwe mumahame yombi: kubabara karubone cyangwa polymer idasanzwe hamwe na ultra-yoroheje.
Ibikoresho byo kubabaro
Muyunguruzi wigitutu wakoresheje karubone yuburyo butatu: Graveling, Amakara na CARBON NA GARBON. Abakora benshi bakoresha ubwoko bubiri bwa mbere. Byongeye kandi, amakara akoreshwa cocout, ntabwo ari umushyitsi, kuko afite ubushobozi bukabije bunyamaswa. Ibigo bibiri by'Uburusiya bikoreshwa: "Aquaphor" (fibre ya Akvalen) n '"amazi ya sekuruza".Isosiyete "Geyser" yahimbwe kandi igakoreshwa neza nkibikoresho byo muyungurura ukurikije uburyo bwumwimerere bwa polymer, hamwe nurwego rwa labyrint hamwe na 3.5 μm. Ukurikije uwabikoze, ibi bikoresho bifite ingaruka ihuriweho no guhuza adsorption, ion Guhana no gushungura. Byongeye kandi, birangwa ningaruka za quasi-yoroshye, ndetse nubunini bwamazi, igipimo ntabwo cyakozwe, kandi ubwinshi bwimvura yorohewe n'amazi.
Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltrations irakorwa ukoresheje membrane yubwoko butandukanye, nka ceramic n "inzira". Kuri nyuma birakwiye kuguma muburyo burambuye.
Isosiyete "Ecombrani" itanga ikoranabuhanga rishya "umuganga w'amazi", ishingiro ryaba cyane cyane isuku no gutoranya-ultrafilt-ultrafilthited-ultranet ". "Kurikirana" ubwayo ni firime ya polymer, yatunganijwe cyane kugirango ibone amashure ntoya "imiterere" (microtubule) hamwe na diameter ya 0.2-0.3 mkm. Ziherereye muri firime hamwe nubucucike bwa miliyoni 400 kuri cm 1. Nk'uko uyu wabikoze, Ikoranabuhanga "Umuganga w'amazi" aguhaza amazi ya chlorine na chlorine, ibinyabuzima bibiri byashonje, harimo ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa bya peteroli), harimo ibikomoka kuri peteroli. , kugabanya cyane kwibanda kubitekerezo byica udukoko, ibyuma biremereye (byemejwe nicyemezo). Mugihe kimwe, ibintu byingirakamaro hamwe nibimenyetso bibungabunge mumazi. "Kurikirana" birashobora gukoreshwa kumazi hamwe numwanda wiyongera, aho ubundi muyunguruzi byanze vuba aha.
Igitekerezo cy'abahanga
Boris Evgenievich Ryabchikov, umukozi wa SSC ya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya y'ibikoresho by'ibitabo bya Vni, umwanditsi w'igitabo cy'ubutumwa bwa tekiniki, umwanditsi w'igitabo cy'ubuhanga, mu rwego rwo gutegura amazi mu nganda no mu gihugu (2004.
Mugihe cyo guhindura karitsiye?
Ibigo byinshi byashyizeho indangagaciro ebyiri zerekana ibikoresho - mu myanda kandi mugihe cyo gukora (kuva kumezi abiri kugeza umwaka). Nk'ubutegetsi, parameter yiyemeje kubara: Kunywa amazi akurikira kuri buri munsi kandi bigwizwa n'umubare w'abagize umuryango, impuzandengo yo kunywa buri munsi y'umuryango. Noneho ubuzima bwa serivisi bwuyunguruzi mu myanda igabanijwe nagaciro k'ibigereranyo bya buri munsi, bityo bikabara impinduka muri cartridge. Nibyo, birumvikana ko igihe cyo gusimburwa kigenwa nigitekerezo cyumutekano wa mizima. Rero, niba amazi akoreshwa, kubishyira mu gatongato, ubukene, biragaragara ko byerekana mikorobe zimwe. Nubwo umuyunguruzo wawe utabakumbuye, ntibisobanura ko abantu bose bazahita bapfa. Bazatura kuri karitsiye (cyane cyane mikorobe y'urukundo amakarito yamakara) kandi barashobora gutangira kugwira. Ubundi se, ni iki muyunguruzi mu rugo? Birashyushye, kandi amazi ahora imbere. "Ubushyuhe n'icyobe" ni ibidukikije bimwe bigirira neza iterambere rya mikorobe. Nkuko abahanga bavuga, filteri itangira "gushushanya ikote".
Niba ukoresha akayunguruzo buri gihe (ibice bishya byamazi ya chlorine bigenda biyinjiramo), igipimo cyo kubeshya kizaba hejuru cyane. Ariko iyo kubwimpamvu runaka udakoresha akayunguruzo mugihe kirekire (Urugendo rwakazi rwa.p., igipimo cyo guhumanya gishobora kwiyongera inshuro nyinshi. Nkigisubizo, imenyekanisha ryabashumba mumazi irashobora kuba imbaraga za mikorobe yubuzima bwa mikorobe. Biragaragara ko kunywa amazi ari umutekano gusa.
Kugabanya igipimo cyo kugirira nabi, bityo yongera ubuzima bwa cartridges y'amakara, abakora benshi bongera ifeza muri bo. Ariko ntibikwiye gutekerezwa ko ifeza ari panacea kuva kurakara. Umubare munini ufite umutekano ku buzima bwa muntu aho bikubiye muri karitsiye, mikorobe y'ifeza ntabwo yica, bigabanya cyane umuvuduko w'iterambere ryabo. Niyo mpamvu bidakwiriye kwizerwa buhumyi no kwizerwa bisaba abakora intimba n'abagurisha bati: "Akaba kacu kashe neza!" Kuzatangira kurimbura mikorobe, bigomba kuba mu mazi mu buryo burenze MPC (0.05 MG / L), kuko muri ubwo buryo buba, kuko bukabije buba uburozi bumwe (MPCs yabivuze kuri byose kubusa!). Biragaragara ko ntawukora uzabigeraho.
Muri rusange, kwikingira ibibazo, birakenewe kubahiriza (gushimangira!) Itegereze guhindura amakarito- haba kumyanda no kuri kalendari. Korohereza igisubizo cyinshingano, birakwiye ko ugura akayunguruzo hamwe na sisitemu yerekana. Ibi birashobora kumera nkibimenyetso byoroshye byitariki yo gusimbuza ubutaha, hamwe na sisitemu yikora ya Sama irabagirana gukenera gufata ingamba. Ibintu nibindi bipimo ubu barangije muyungurura ntabwo ari abanyamahanga gusa, ahubwo nanone abakora murugo (mumbabarire ntabwo aribyo byose!).
Kuba ubutabera bigomba kuvugwa kuri sisitemu yoroshye rwose, nkuko bitwa ababikora, "kwihorera". Bakora gusa: mugihe bategura ibikoresho, filteri igabanya (ahubwo igabanuka cyane) amazi meza asukuye. Ariko sisitemu nkiyi "yerekana" ntishobora umutekano rwose. Kurugero, hamwe nuburemere buke bwo gupima mumazi, Akayunguruzo kazasubiramo umutwe nyuma yamakarito yamakara azatanga ibikoresho byayo. Noneho, nkuko babivuga, bizeye "kwigira", na we ubwe ...
YVES SPORICE Ibyerekeye Uburyo buriho bwo Kurwanya Bagiteri Yatuye Muyunguruzi. Ibigo bimwe bifite ibikoresho byabo bibiri na bitatu bya ultraviolet ya ultraviolet bifasha guhangana niyi mibereho. IASLI Wagize icyifuzo gihamye cyo kuyungurura urugo nabyo ultraviolet, kandi munzu hariya muyungurura, uyihindure ushya, uyihindure uv kuvura, ntabwo byanze bikunze. Birahagije kugura sisitemu yo kwanduza no kuyashyira hamwe na filteri na crane kumazi meza. Ibikoresho nkibi UV Bitanga ku Isoko ryacu rya Aquapro (Koreya y'Epfo), "umutungo w'amazi w'igihugu" ("NVR", Uburusiya), R-irashobora (Kanada) n'abandi. Itara rya Mercury-Quarz rishyizwe mu mazu yicyuma atagiranye, yagenewe igitutu cya ATM 10. kandi ifite ibikoresho bibiri byo guhuza amazi (guhagarika byihuse guhuza umuyoboro wa plastiki). Ibikoresho bya Lamp - amasaha 9000 (hafi imyaka 1. Imikorere - kuva litiro 4 kugeza 30 / min. Igikoresho gifite imbaraga zo gutanga amashanyarazi (220v) kandi umugenzuzi azahindukira / kumatara mugihe cyo gufungura / gufunga crane amazi meza (azigama ibikoresho byamata). Kunywa amashanyarazi - kuva 10 kugeza 200. Gutanga byuzuye birimo amashusho ya pulasitike kugirango asimbuze kwanduza UV kurukuta. Igiciro cyibi bikoresho kiva kumadorari 150 kugeza $ 330. Harimo imbaraga nkeya, bityo rero ihendutse.
Amazi meza na "Icyuma"
Ntibishoboka ko utazirikana ko amazi yimiyoboro y'amazi yo mumijyi ashobora gutandukana cyane mubitabo byashizweho. Muri make, mumijyi yose amazi ni ibyayo, kandi mumijyi minini itandukaniro ryubahirizwa hagati yuturere twose. Itandukaniro ni ukuzuza imitako cyangwa ibikubiye mu cyuma, kandi rimwe na rimwe haba mu rundi.
Muri Ikarita ya Cartridge yatanzwe nisoko rya kijyambere hari imiterere ibakiza ibyo bibazo. Abakora bagiye muburyo bubiri. Imbere, urubanza rwongewe kuri karitsiye ya karitsiye ibikoresho bya gion (bishaje cyangwa fibrous). Mubwa kabiri, barema icyiciro cya gatatu cyo gutinda cyangwa koroshya, kandi rimwe na rimwe byombi hamwe (akayunguruzo kaba bitatu cyangwa bine). Biragaragara ko kontineri, kurugero, kurugero rukomeye kuri muyungurura hamwe no kongeramo urwego ruto ni make cyane ugereranije nuyungurura urwego rwose rweguriwe koroshya. Ariko muri ibyo no mu rundi rubanza, bigomba kwitondera muyunguruzi gusa iyo MPC itari nini cyane yo kubungabunga ubunini no gukorana. Niba amazi ari meza cyane (7mg-eq / l) cyangwa hano hari icyuma kinini (1mg / l), yagurishijwe mu rubuga rudashoboka, kandi akenshi uhindura akazi kayo ni ukubambura).
Irashobora gufasha ko sitasiyo yo kuvura amazi, iyobowe nintoki cyangwa mu buryo bwikora kandi ifite ibikoresho byoroshye cyangwa byoroshye-ubushobozi bwuzuye. Ariko sitasiyo nkiyi yaremye muburyo bwihariye hakurikijwe isesengura ryamazi kandi bihenze cyane.
Kugeza ubu ikoreshwa mu kweza amazi ya kanda ukoresheje ibintu byubaka birashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda atatu: muyungurura kuri FIPECT, muyungurura na filteri yashyizwe kumurongo. Ibisubizo byamatsinda bizaganirwaho mubintu bitatu bikurikira.