Shahararren tsarin tsarkake ruwa na gida da gidaje. Na'ura, alƙawari, bayanai dalla-dalla, masana'antu, tsari.
Tsarin Autotroll tare da raka'a daban-daban
Osmotic tsarin don shan ruwa osmo-300 (8l / h) da osmo-600 (95l / h) tare da tankuna na ajiya ("Helios tauraro")
Abubuwan da ke cikin gida na Siffar Sapphire da Tsarin Tsira daga Abubuwa Masu Takaici tare da sarrafawar Manual
Tare da ci gaban ginin gida, matsalar tsarkakakken gidan tsarkakakke tana kara dacewa. Bayan duk, ramuwar ruwa ga mai shi na gidan gida shine kawai na sirri. Game da wani abu da zai yi korafi a gare shi, babu wani jihohi ko ayyukan birni don taimakawa.
Yaya tsabta take?
Batun tsarkakakken ruwa ya fi nova. A cikin shekaru 7-8 da suka gabata, ana haskakawa a kai a kai a ciki. IVs, kodayake marubutan da gaske suna ƙoƙarin taimaka wa masu karatu su sami hanyoyin da za a iya magance matsalolin da aka tara su kasance hanyoyin kasancewa har ma da ninka. Akwai dalilai da yawa game da wannan. Da farko, yanayin muhalli a kusa da biranen na ci gaba da lalacewa. Terns na datti da duk hanyoyi da motocin kewayensu sune ƙarin tabbaci. Ko da zurfin ruwa mai zurfi ya fara ƙazantar da ruwa, da ruwa daga rijiyoyin kayan fasahar fasahar ta daina zama alama ce ta tsabta ta tsabta. Abu na biyu, a ƙaƙƙarfan aikin gida yana ƙara yawan masu amfani da ruwa kuma yana samar da sabon matsalolin fasaha. A ƙarshe, abu da kanta game da hankalinmu shine ruwa a cikin da ba a sani ba, bari ta mamaye 2/3 na saman gonar jikin mutum kuma kusan kashi 80 ne daga cikin jikin mutum. Ana bayyana waɗannan sirrin sannu-sannu, sababbin hanyoyin da na'urori sun fara neman magani. Muna buƙatar masu karatu su sani.A lokacin da yaduwar ƙasa, ruwa yana canza kayan shafa na gishiri. Baya ga Harshen zamani salts (salts na alli da magnesium), wasu m, selensium, bari, radium, uranium, urranium, uranium, fricorine zama rabi A cikin tsarin tebur na Mendeneev da aka samu a cikin ƙasa a cikin salts daban-daban. Juyin al'amura da jikin mutum ko ta yaya ya dace da su: Mafi mahimmancin rabuwa-alkaline, gina ƙashin ƙashin ma'adinai wanda mutum ya sami abinci da ruwa . Labari ne game da sashi. Asti, kuma rashin cutarwa ga lafiya, da kuma jerin cututtuka masu zurfi (wanda aka samo a cikin littattafai daban-daban) suna da kyau kwarai.
Fiye da baƙin ƙarfe da ƙarfi m
Baƙin ƙarfe. A cikin ruwan na karkashin kasa yankin na tsakiyar Rasha, gami da yankin Moscow, maida hankali na baƙin ƙarfe na iya kaiwa 15mg / l. Tuni a maida hankali ne daga 0.5 mg / l cikin ruwan zafi, baƙin ƙarfe ya fara yin amfani da maye, wanda yake kaiwa ga bayyanar flakares, tare da wanda aka kafa sludge da aka kafa. A zazzabi na 65-95, shi mai guba a saman saman bututu. Wannan hazo a hankali yana da musayar zafi, radiatoles. An yi musayar farantin wuta a cikin kayan aikin ruwan zafi mai zafi na iya yin tasiri sosai a 'yan watanni. Achto yana faruwa tare da atomatik da kuma bututun na'urori, wanda daga nan sai ku fita daga tsari saboda sludge matosai, ku kanku tsammani.
Amfani da wani lokaci mai tsayi da wani babban abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe yana haifar da cutar hanta, yana ƙara haɗarin kai hare-hare, yana haifar da rashin lafiyayyen. Wadanda suka wuce haddi na manganese yana haifar da canza launi, dandano mai ɗanɗano, da kuma tsawon lokacin amfani da irin wannan cutar tsarin. Saboda haka, a cikin ruwan sha, daidai da kafaffun, taro na baƙin ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 0.3 MG / l, da manganese-0.1 mg / l.
Ruwan ruwa mai tsauri lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa hazo, ba mai cutarwa ba. Bugu da kari, sikelin shine kimantawa kuma ana cin abinci "ba wai kawai zai iya fuskantar abubuwan da wutar lantarki na kayan gida ba, har ma da gas da katako. Bugu da kari, a cikin kayan aikin gida sun ki bayar da na'urori tare da ramuka masu kyau: grids na zubewa da shugabannin wanka da kuma hydromassage Nozzles. An kara yawan makamashi a cikin wadannan hare-hare: wani Layer na sikelin shine kawai 1.5 mm yana haifar da raguwa cikin canjin zafi a cikin 15%. A tsawon lokaci, ruwa mai tsauri yana haifar da Urambaiteria, sclerosis, hauhawar jini. Kuma hanya mafi inganci don magance duk waɗannan abubuwan da zan yi amfani da shi azaman ruwan m.
Koyaya, matsalar muhalli ba ta haifar da rashin ma'adinan ma'adinai a matsayin aikin ɗan adam. Sũ ne waɗanda suka muhimmanci kara ingancin ruwa a koguna, da tabkuna da kuma na sama aquifers, da gur su tare da wata babbar adadin narkar da anthropogenic abubuwa (kamar maras tabbas halogen breeds, high kwayoyin nauyi kwayoyin abubuwa, herbicides, da magungunan kashe qwari, nitrates, nitrites, nauyi karfe na karfe har ma radionuclides). Ruwa tare da wasu daga cikin wadannan daga cikin gurbatattun giya kusan ba a iya lalacewa, kuma yaqi da su zai iya yin rahusa don shigo da ruwa a cikin gida daga wurare daga nesa (na iya zama, kuma jefa shafin da aka siya).
Shiri na ruwan sha mai kyau matsala ce ga duk ƙasashe. Ana sarrafa impurities cikin ruwa, kayan haɗin su da kuma maida hankali sun saba. Gabaɗaya, akwai 6Groups na irin wannan rashin tasiri: gabaɗaya, da, organic, asalin halitta, nazarin halittu, na halitta, radiological. Jimlar adadin alamun ingancin ruwa mai sarrafawa ya wuce 50. Gaskiya ne, a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, abun da ke tattare da abin da ke sarrafawa da iyakokinsu sun bambanta. Tebur ɗin mai ban mamaki da muka nuna wani bangare ne na ƙazanta wanda aka nuna shi a kan kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya, Kwamitin Tsallake Kare (Amurka), Majalisar Kare ta Shopin 2.1.4.1074-01. Tabbas, a cikin tushen da ruwa, kawai wani ɓangare na abubuwan da aka haɗa su iya gano su, amma ya dogara da rabo.
Yadda za a gwada gwajin ruwa don bincike?
Ruwa, kawai an ɗauka daga tushen (Nonsety), zuba a cikin gilashin ko filastik na filastik (1.5 lita), a wanke sama da filayen don rage lambar da iska oxygen. Mai yawan tsayayye ko wuya sosai amfani da (bututun ruwa) an pumped akalla 2-3 hours. Fara alamar da ke nuna nau'in tushen (amma ba wuri) ba, lokaci, cikakken suna) Ana buƙatar gwajin ruwa na ruwa a cikin mafi guntu lokacin isa zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje (lokacin isar kada ya wuce shi).A ina zan tuntuɓi? Da farko dai, a tashar jirgin saman yanki ko zuwa lasisi da ingantaccen kayan aiki. Idan kun kasance hulɗa kai tsaye a cikin kamfanin, wanda zai cika oda, sai ya zama ɗaya da nazarin ruwa, ya hau shi da tsabtatawa na ƙarshe wanda yake cikin tsaftacewa. Zai iya yiwuwa ya tafi cewa ba za ku iya bincika daidai da ayyukansu ba. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a gwada yin makircin, jigon wanda yake gaba. Yi ƙaramin bincike na bincike biyu: ɗaya a cikin ƙungiyar 'yanci, na biyu-baffem, wanda ke aiwatar da tsarin turkey, gami da nazarin. Gano dalilin disppancies idan sun faru. Bayan an sanya shi da sanya tsarin cikin aiki, daidai na "fitarwa" mai bincike a cikin ƙungiyar 'yanci iri ɗaya. Af, mummunan kamfanonin da kansu suna bayar da nazarin kwafin kwafi.
Zuwa mafi yawan matsaloli da ruwa, buƙatar amfani da wasu irin kayan aikin magani na ruwa, ana iya danganta:
- Kasancewar impurities na inji (yashi, yumbu, da sauransu);
- narkar da cikin ruwa baƙin ƙarfe da manganese;
- Harshen ruwa ;
- dandano, wari, chromaticty;
- gaban ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan;
- Furure da Organica (magungunan kashe qwari, kayan petrooleum, phenols, Spawy).
Inda za a fara?
Fara yanke shawarar batun magani na ruwa don gida ya fi kyau a matakin da ke samu a matakin gini, har ma kafin sayan. Duba sabon shiri, da farko, ya zama dole a yanke shawarar inda zaku dauki ruwa don gidan. Da kyau idan ya juya, rijiyar, ko a ƙauyen an ɗauka (ko riga) wadata. Wanda ya sayar muku da dandamali ma ya ba da amsa, menene yanayin hydrogical na kewaye da kuma yadda hanyoyin wakilan suke kulle. Bayanai ya kamata a bayyana, sasantawa tare da maƙwabta ko ma ta hanyar tuntuɓar Kwamitin Gundumar a kan albarkatun ƙasa da sarrafawar ƙasa. Sannan yi kokarin samun sakamakon bincike na ruwa daga wani yanki da aka bayar ko na kusa (ganowa a cikin ƙauyukan makwabta ko sanya kanka). Babban abu shine don gano tsabtace tsabtace da rashin daidaituwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan wannan bayanan daidai ne, kuma nazarin yana nuna karuwar abubuwan da ke cikin baƙin ƙarfe, Manganese, salts na waɗannan abubuwan), wani abu mai narkewa ne daga waɗannan abubuwan). kawar da waɗannan abubuwan yana da wuya a zahiri. IPrie irin wannan a sakamakon, da aka gabatar da aka gabatar na ƙasa zai iya lafiya sayan lafiya. Amma idan alamomin microbologological suka wuce bayan ka'idojin, ya kamata ya zama maraba da unambiguously. A ina ne wadannan gurbata suka fito? Hanyoyi masu su ne masu yawa. Wadannan filaye ne da kamfanoni, wani lokacin ana samun su da dubun kilomita daga rukunin yanar gizonku. Waɗannan suna kewaye da aikin gona da gona. Manyan hanyoyi. Koguna da tabkuna.
Binciken ruwa ya zama dole a kowane yanayi: Idan kun sami wani shiri na shirya, samar da ruwa (da kyau, da dadewa, da na samar da ruwa kuma yanzu ya fara warware matsalar samar da ruwa. A farkon shari'ar, ba lallai ba ne a tabbatar da cikakken bincike, wanda wani maƙwabta, ya yi amfani da shi kuma kamar 50m a cikin wani ruwa-daya hawa da kyau (rijiyoyin ) na iya bambanta sosai da juna a cikin abun da ke ciki. Express nazarin bayanai a cikin sigogi masu uku-huɗu za su ci kusan $ 10, kuma cike sigogi da suka dace - A $ 25-40.
Sai kawai a kan sakamakon binciken ruwa da kuma ya danganta da aikin fasaha da kake son warwarewa (jimlar samar da ruwa na gidan, da sauransu), kuma an zaɓi kayan aikin tsarkakewa.
Kayan aikin tsarkake ruwa yana fadada kullun. Bari mu ce idan shekaru 7-8 da suka gabata a wannan ne Moscow guda ɗaya, an ba da kayan kida na kawai kamfanoni biyu zuwa uku, sannan kuma kusan abubuwan ƙonawa ne na mabukaci. Daga cikin su akwai American, Jamusanci, Ingilishi, Sweden, Faransanci, Switzerland ta Kudu. Suna ƙoƙarin "cin nasara" a cikin kasashen waje rabon kasuwar Rasha da kamfanoninmu, kuma suna yin hakan sosai.
Tsarin magani na ruwa
Mafi yawan ruwa (Gidaje baƙi suna zuwa 300l kowace rana kowane mutum) ana amfani dashi akan bukukuwan gida (wanka, wanke abinci, shayarwa). Ruwa don shan ruwa da dafa abinci karamin bangare ne na amfani da ruwa gaba ɗaya.Tsarin aikin gidan abinci na gida ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi uku na na'urori dabam cikin manufa:
- Kayan aiki don gabatarwar ruwa daga impurities na inji a ƙofar zuwa gida (gidan, gida) ko kafin amfani da kayan aikin gida;
- Na'urori don gyara abubuwan sunadarai na ruwa (masu siyar da ruwa da kuma musayar ƙarfe salla), daga saitin abin da aka tsara kuma takamaiman tsarin tsabtatawa an tattara;
- Kayan aiki don samun ruwan sha yana lalata kuma ruwa mai karatu don shan inganci a cikin adadin da ake buƙata don yawan rayuwar iyali (har zuwa mutum); Yana da sau da yawa a cikin gida kusa da crane.
Kayan aikin tsarkakakken ruwa
Sand, yumɓu, Il da sauran barbashi da ke kunshe cikin ruwa suna lalata kayan gidan da kuma bututun ƙarfe - an rufe shi da kwalliya, sun daina sauri. Hanya mafi sauƙi don magance waɗannan abubuwan da ke cikin tsabtace ruwa daga m m menutication ta hanyar shigar ko matakin kai, ko kuma katange, ko kuma sirinji).
A cikin masu tayar da kansu, an tace ruwan ta hanyar bakin karfe wanda ba ya buƙatar canza bayan "bugun fenti" wanda aka wanke a ciki ana sake saitawa zuwa magudanar ruwa ( Skinage). Za'a iya yin flushing da hannu da hannu kuma a cikin yanayin atomatik (injin yana buɗe bawul da rashan matatar na 15 secragrammalve lokacin shirye-shiryen lokaci). Hannun teku na raga da matsin lamba da kuma matsin lamba ke rage su samar da RBM (Italiya), Syr (Jamus). Ya danganta da wasan kwaikwayon, matattarar Manual suna biyan $ 80-400, suna da tsada don kusan $ 200. Gasar Mesh na'urorin suna ƙoƙarin yin diski da bazara. DCT Matacewa DF1-75 (arkal, Isra'ila) tare da bandwidth har zuwa 4M3 / h $ $ 110. Kwanan nan, na'urar na gida "thermilrellter" ya bayyana akan siyarwa (LLC Ekoservis IlnetH-m), amfani da baturin ƙazanta na zamani, amma kuma cikin nasara yana aiki har ma ruwan zafi.
A cikin na'urorin cirewa, kayan tace, a matsayin mai mulkin, shine "coil" na Polypropylene thread. Bayan "Jinta" na kashi yana bushe (kimanin watanni shida), kawai ana maye gurbinsu (don wannan dole ne a bi masu. Irin waɗannan tace suna da yawa mai rahusa fiye da fararen fata (farashinsa na jiki daga $ 15 zuwa $ 85, coardridge daga $ 5 zuwa $ 20), amma yana iya zama mafi tsada sosai. Lokaci yana ɗaukar lokaci zai maye gurbin katako, ba za ku ayyana a gaba ba, za a iya samun wannan kawai bayan sauyi na farko. Agreoll, Amurka ta tace, Atlas, "Geyser", an samar da Rusilter "da wasu tace. Don canza wuraren da iska ke jujjuyawa.
Idan murabba'i mai bakin ciki (nau'in yumbu ko yals) yana nan) na iska ya dace da ƙazanta da sauri rufe saman tace. Yaƙi tare da irin wannan impurities an tsara shi ta hanyar tacewa. Ya ƙunshi abin da ake kira "Jikin gama gari" (Silinda) da tace Loading (yashi, Anthracite Layer) kuma jinkirta barbashi daga 80 μm. Allonosratics (alal misali, tace-agrogat a cikin matattarar St-PF daga MKECO) da barbashi ne kawai. Irin waɗannan tace kusan koyaushe sun haɗa a cikin tsarin magani na gida mai sarrafa kansa. Ana kiran '' duniya '' 'na duniya saboda ana iya amfani dashi a kusan kowane matakan tsarkakewar ruwa, ya zama dole kawai don sanya loda abun da ya dace. "Karatun na duniya" yi daga polyethylene abinci, firstanglass mai ƙarfi har ma bakin karfe (membrarness da fasaha Cjsc). Silinda suna iya aiki a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba zuwa 8.8atm kuma tsayayya da girgiza shydraulic zuwa 53at. Kudin shigo da tace shigo da ƙasa shine $ 600-800 a kowace 1M3 / h aikin. Saitilan "Sapphire P2sa" (atomatik) daga MTT sau biyu mai rahusa ne.
Kayan aiki suna daidaita da keɓaɓɓun abubuwan sunadarai
Matattara game da daraja. Iron ya narke cikin ruwa, da kuma yawanci yana rakiyar manganese a cikin tsarin rashin daidaituwa ta hanyar hadawa na catalytic. Don yin wannan, batun "na duniya" ya fadi a cikin granules tare da kaddarorin na mai kara kuzari (dauki lada). Kasancewar baƙin ƙarfe yana daɗaɗɗen oxidized ta oxygen da ke cikin ruwa, yana shiga cikin ƙasa mai banƙyama kuma ya zauna a kan granules. A lokacin da wanke tare da juyi rafi na ruwa, wannan karar an cire kuma sake saita shi cikin shuki (tsarin magudanar ruwa). Ta hanyar tsallake wani adadin ruwa, matatar ta tsaya don farfadowa. Tace kafofin watsa labarai dangane da mangalese dioxide musamman iri daya ne: m, mgs (manganese Greenand), Filox, Pyrolox. Haka kuma, idan farkonsu yana cire baƙin ƙarfe, kuma don mayar da kadare (sake farfadowa), ya isa ya sake wanka da ruwan manganese, sannan kuma cire ragowar na karshen. Idan narkar da isashshen is oxygen (tare da babban ƙarfe, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide), yi amfani da wani maiga catorat da ke lalata ruwa tare da iska.A cikin hanyar hadawa da catalytic Akwai wasu iyakoki: Ba ya cire baƙin ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe (a sama da 15 MG / MG / MG / MG / MG / L) ba zai zama acidic (ph ƙasa da 7). In ba haka ba, ya zama dole don amfani da matakan musamman, alal misali, don amfani da sasalin acid (ƙarin shari'ar da aka shigar a gaban ƙirar). Murmushi don firgita da damar 1.5 m3 / h farashin $ 1000-1300.
Matattarar "sanyaya". Don rage ƙiyayya na ruwa, wato, raguwar alli da siliki mai narkewa a ciki (mafi daidai, ion su) zuwa ƙimar ƙimar, abin da ake kira masu siyar da su. Cin musayar cation yana faduwa barci, yana haifar da musayar alƙawarin alli da magnesium daga ruwa zuwa sodium ions daga resin. Cation musayar bayan wucewa da wani adadin tsayayyen ruwa ya rasa ikon ɗaukarsa kuma yana buƙatar sabuntawa (za mu sami sau 1 a mako). Ana aiwatar da ta amfani da bayani na gishiri gishiri. Tsarin ya ƙunshi narkar da gishiri, allurar mafita a cikin balzo, da regeneration, juyawa da madaidaiciya wanka kuma yana da shekaru 210 daga head. Akwai resins tare da coms mai dauke da azurfa, ba da damar ƙarin kamannin ruwa. Don farashin masu sintiri sun bambanta kaɗan daga matattarar tace-m.
Hade tsaftataccen tsaftace. Sakamakon yawancin resins, tare da zaɓin da suka dace (nau'ikan zaɓin da aka dace (musayar yadudduka), yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙiri ruwan matattara daga nitrates, sulfate, Salts mai nauyi mai nauyi, kwayoyin. Don saƙar waɗannan masu tace, gishirin gishiri shima ake bukata. Suna da kashi a kan sukari na m 20, kuma maye gurbin na'urori biyu. Gaskiya ne, suna aiki tare da ruwa mara kyau.
Mottar adsorption An tsara don rage abubuwan ƙazamar ƙwayar cuta da chlorine mai ɗorewa, kawar da kamshi da kuma dagawa da shi. Stening Washin Tace Mata shine "Cikakken Tsarin Duniya" Cike da Carbon (a cikin kudi na 60 dm3 na 1 m3 / h aiki). Mafi sau da yawa, an tsara kwalba daga kwakwa da kuma mai , imratnated da azurfa, ana amfani da su. Abubuwan da irin waɗannan masu tace suna da matukar muhimmanci fiye da katako (ta cire abubuwan ƙonewa da kuma a sabunta saman farfajiyar granules yayin wanka). Koyaya, mahaɗan kwayoyin da ake sawa a kan kusurwa mai aiki na iya zama matsakaici na gina jiki don ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda kuma an ba da su a kan kwalfa mai kyau. Saboda haka, dole ne a canza bayan baya lokaci-lokaci (Za mu sami lokacin da son rai). Kudin 1 dm3 kwal kusan $ 3. Aikace-aikacen Apptididdigar Appley yana hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin matatar (saboda ƙananan kaddarorin ƙwayoyin cuta na wannan ƙarfe).
A cikin aikin maganin ruwa, hanyoyin inganta ingancin ruwa ana yadu da yawa: 1 - Distillation; 2 - Chlorination; 3 - OSMOOS; 5 - musayar musayar; 6 - coagulation + tace; 7 - Mace Subticron; 8 - ufffritththertherth; 9 - lemun tsami; 10 - marigabun hadawa da haushi; 11 - Morption; musayar cation 12 - musayar cation; 13 - anionobam; 15 - wutan lantarki; 16 - acidation; 17 - Sashen gama tsire-tsire na ciki; 18 - Da alama; 19 - Magnetic da sarrafawa; 20 - Tsabtace na inji. Tsarin shirye-shiryen ruwa na VLOKIL na gida ne babban yanki na inji, catalytic oxidation na catron, musanya musayar carbon, bayyanar Uon.
Tsarin magani na sarrafa ruwa na sarrafa ruwa
Idan kuna zaune a cikin gidan ƙasa koyaushe ku, ba shakka, zai dace da tsarin aikin magani mai sarrafa kansa. An gina shi da matakai daga saitin ya ce "na duniya na duniya" da naúrar sarrafawa tare da hanyoyin aiki tare da hanyoyin sarrafa matatar suna maye gurbin bawuloli. Kowace "shari'ar duniya" tana da nauyin da ya dace, jimre wa wani nau'in (rukuni) na gurbata. Yawan matakai masu mahimmanci an zaɓi, dangane da keɓaɓɓen ruwa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, irin wannan tsarin ya haɗa da tacewa mai narkewa, wanda ba a sani ba, mai suttura da tace mai. An shigar dasu akai-akai, daya bayan daya. Yawan nauyin da girman "jikin" na duniya "an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar abin da ke cikin ƙazanta cikin ruwa da kuma amfani da ruwa. Abubuwan haɗin don ƙirƙirar waɗannan layin suna ba da waɗannan masana'antun:
- Karatun duniya (silinda) - Cylinders) - Belgium), Park International (Amurka), Petvesa (Spain).
- Tacewar muhallin (download ga CD) - Purolite, Dow Chemical, Rohm Haas, Calgon (USA), Bayer (Jamus), Mitsubishi (Japan), Norit da Chemviron Carbon (Netherlands).
- Auck, pleack, ECOWE tsarin (Amurka).
Gudanar da aikin magani na ruwa. Tsarin aikin magani na ruwa don gida, kowane matattara yana aiki akan umarnin naúrar sarrafa kansa ta atomatik. Kowane ɗayansu an saita su ga tsarin aikinsu. Akwai nau'ikan sarrafa tsarin guda biyu: ta lokaci da amfani da ruwa.
Lokacin sarrafawa. Babban asalin iko shine lokacin, wanda ya ba da umarni masu mahimmanci da za a wanke da sauran awzuka. A lokacin tace aiki a cikin ainihin lokacin, kuma aikin mai amfani ya rage don saita yanayin wankewa a kowane lokaci mai dacewa kuma a kan kowane rana mai dacewa. Ana iya wajabta shi, alal misali, a ranar Litinin da Alhamis a cikin 2 dare (da ranakun da, yana nufin, a wannan lokacin kowa zai yi barci a cikin gidan). Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya gudanar da ci gaba da farfadowa a wajen jadawalin.
Amfani da amfani. "Kwamandan-in-Compan" a cikin tsarin shine mita mita, mafi daidai, microprossor da aka haɗa zuwa saurin ruwa-turbin ruwa ta hanyar tacewa. Kwamfutar tana gina ginshiƙi mai gudana ta ranar mako, lokaci-lokaci yana gwada tsarin kuma ya tsara flushing a wannan ranar lokacin da matattarar fill na gaji. Godiya ga irin wannan tsari, ana amfani da amfani da ruwa a sau ɗaya, har ma da rayuwar sabis na fill tace an tsawaita shi. Wannan makircin ana ɗaukar mafi inganci a yau.
Tubalan sarrafawa suna kan ƙa'idar aiki sune nau'ikan biyar. Eldromicalicalpachipicical da lantarki, abun yanka (kayan abinci) ana amfani dashi sau da yawa. Mai rahusa lantarki mai rahusa, amma yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa. Misali, tare da dogon rashi hadewar wutar lantarki, na lantarki na iya lura da "yanayin lokaci da kuma saiti-da-lokaci, wanda ya haifar da sauya lokacin filaye. Isisystem na iya fara wanka da dare, wato, lokacin da kuke buƙatar samar da ruwa. Rukunin kula da lantarki suna riƙe saitunan koda lokacin da aka kashe wutar lantarki har tsawon kwanaki, saboda haka ba lallai ba ne a saka idanusu. Manual fiye da sau biyu na lantarki, amma tare da su duka tsarin ya daina atomatik.
Ana amfani da tsarin tsarin a lokuta inda ake buƙatar ruwan tsarkakakken ruwan da aka tsarkake ba tare da sake farfado ba. Don yin wannan, akwai matakai biyu na layi ɗaya ta hanyar sashin sarrafawa na gama gari (tsarin tagwaye) a kowane matakin tsabtatawa. Idan tace ɗaya yana cikin "aiki", to na biyun na iya kasancewa cikin "sake saiti", ko kuma a cikin "aiki", da zaran matakin farko akan "sake saiti". Canza tankuna daga wannan yanayin zuwa wani na faruwa ta atomatik. Subers mai laushi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin ruwan zafi tare da kwararar ruwa na ruwa yana da alaƙa da irin wannan tsarin (in ba haka ba na ƙarshen (ba haka ba).
Kayan aikin na zaɓi
Sonammet berara. Waɗannan na'urorin an tsara su ne don lalata ruwa daga ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Ultroletet Rays tare da zazzabi na 254nemeter (gajeriyar hanyar ultraiolet ɗin da aka haifar da canje-canje da kuma haifuwarsu da haifuwa. An sanya suttura kusa da crane don gujewa sake kamuwa da ruwa. Sayi ta hanyar UV Bakararre ana bada shawarar kawai ruwan da ya wuce tsabtatawa na farko. Idan ana amfani da tace mai a tsarin maganin ruwa, disving- diminnes ne sosai zai fi dacewa (tuna: ana satar su a kan kusurwa da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta). Farashin kayan aikin kusan $ 300 ne tare da shekarar 1M3 / h.Sabuwar mafita. Amfani da wakili mai karfi kuma a lokaci guda mai rashin maganin rigakafi mai ƙarfi, wanda shine hydadogen sulfide da ruwa mai gudun hijira. Ekoservis Tentillhim-m LLC ta kirkiro da tsire-tsire na zaki "Serator" don samun irin wannan replelysis na ciyawar 2.5 zuwa 10 na ruwa a kowace awa kuma farashin $ 650-1200. Musamman da tasiri tare da daukaka baƙin ƙarfe (fiye da 5 MG / L) kuma lokacin aiki a cikin matattara na atomatik. A lokaci guda, buƙatar mangirtage don aikin na roba ya rage sau ɗaya a kowace 10, kuma magudanar ruwa daga gare ta zama amintaccen yanayi.
Tsarin Membrane don ruwan sha
Tsarin ya karbi sunan sa daga fim ɗin Semi-permemable, wanda ke aiki akan ka'idar sel na baya, ya wuce ta hanyar ruwa mai rai (3-5 angstroms) ruwa da barbashi tunawa da ruwa Kwayoyin halitta. A sakamakon haka, membrane polymer membrane ya zama cikas ga abubuwan da ba shi da yawa don abubuwan da ba'a so a ruwa: ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta mai nauyi. Sabili da haka, don shirye-shiryen sha ruwa, membrane tsabtatawa ya dace kamar ba zai yiwu ba. Domin gurbataccen gurbata ba ya rufe pores na membrane, ruwa farawa tare da farfajiya a cikin babban gudun, flushing duk gurbata ƙazanta a cikin lambobin.
Don shirye-shiryen shan giya yana amfani da ƙananan ƙananan sized na ƙananan aikin (2-5 l / h). Za'a iya ɗaukar ƙaramin adadin kuɗi don tsarkakakkiyar ruwa mai inganci. Don guje wa rashin wahala hade da karancin ruwan tsarkakakken, ana kawo tsarin tare da tanki ko bakin tanki ko bakin tankon kusan 10l. A lokacin da ya cika shi, tsarin na atomatik ya kashe. Shigarwa ana nuna ta da sauƙi ta sauƙi na tabbatarwa da sauƙi na shigarwa (a karkashin kwandon dodchen).
Cikakken (Biyar-Speed) Respasashen Yancin Osmosis na shiri na ruwan sha ya hada da:
- Tsabtace kayan aikin tsabtace (5mkm).
- COLFILLER.
- Tace tsaftacewa tsabtatawa.
- Harka da membrane.
- Ultravetilet sterna.
Irin wannan tsarin a kasuwar mu ana bayar da shi, galibi taron gida daga abubuwan da aka shigo da shi. Wannan misali, P-5000 (ooonjin coway), oopo300 (hf-550 (Mttonics), "Mttonics (Mtt CJSC), yana da ruwa 100 zuwa 200 zuwa 200 zuwa 200 zuwa 200 lita), yana haifar da 100 zuwa 200 zuwa 200 zuwa 200 zuwa kowace rana. Kyakkyawan ruwa. Kudin tsarin kusan $ 400 ne.
An saita tsarin tankuna na ruwa a cikin tsarin samar da ruwa ana shirya don kula da matsin lamba na ruwa a kan hanyar sadarwa, kuma yana rage yawan fara hawan ruwa da kuma famfo. Akwai wani jirgin ruwa ya rabu da membrane zuwa cikin dakuna biyu, a cikin ɗayan gas yana fuskantar gas, ɗayan kuma an haɗa shi da tsarin samar da ruwa. Lokacin da aka kunna famfo, ɓangare na tanki, wanda aka yi niyya don ruwa, yana ƙaruwa a cikin girma, matsi da gas a sashin na gaba. Bayan kashe famfon, gas mai cike da ruwa kamar yadda ake kashe a cikin tsarin samar da ruwa. An zaɓi girma na membrane tanki dangane da adadin yawan amfani da ruwa, yawan tasirin samar da ruwa, ikon mashin ya shiga cikin babbar hanyar, da wasu sigogi. Rarrabe samfuran tots na membrane suna samawa tare da abubuwan sarrafawa da kayan aiki.
Matsalar Zabi
Samu kan tsarin atomatik da aiki na atomatik gudanar da matsalolin da mai shi yana da amfani a sani a gaba. Baya ga tambayoyin, daga abin da kuma abin da za a tsaftace ruwan, mai mallakar gidan ya warware aikin samar da kayan aiki, tunda wannan ya dogara da farashin dukkan tsarin.Lokacin da abokin ciniki gwargwadon sakamakon lissafin da aka gudanar a kan bayanan da aka tanada shi a kan asalin dangi da yawan kayan adabi, in ji shi, 2 (Ato da 3 ) M3 / H, ba zato ba tsammani ya fara jayayya. Kamar, don haka adadin ruwa mai wuya ya kare tsawon rana kuma ana buƙatar shigarwa tare da yawan yawan aiki. Dalilin rashin jituwa shine mai shi yana nufin yawan amfanin ruwa na yau da kullun, da kwararre.
Bari dangi su ciyar a ranar 1.5-2 cubic na ruwa, amma yana cinye su na kusan awanni biyu da yamma, lokacin da kowa ya dawo lokaci lokaci. Don haka, nauyin nauyi yana da girma - har zuwa 1M3 / h. Zai tantance ragin tace (lokacin tuntuɓar ruwa tare da matsakaitan tace). Idan saurin hanzarta ya wuce, ruwa zai daina tsabtace, wato kawai, rarraba salla da iska mafi yawan kayan ado wanda ake gudanar da gwagwarmaya. Kwararre yana la'akari.
Kuma yanzu muna ayyana waqoqin da ya dace na tsarin dangi na hudu. Don haka, da safe ta shiga: Wanke (60l / h), shawa (80l / h), wanka (henter 200 lita da zafi (460l / h). Jimlar yaduwar ruwa (tsinkaye) 800l / h. Dukkanin kudaden kashe ana ɗauka a ƙasa tare da ƙiyayya na amfani da ruwa 105l kowane mutum a rana (a yau waɗannan halayen suna da gaskiya fiye da 2-4 sau). Sai dai itace cewa ga iyali ruwa na hudu tare da yawan ruwa na kusan 1M3 (10524) yakamata ya zama 1.5-2M3 / H (8002). Da kyau, idan kun dauki ƙasa? Ee, babu wani abu mai qarancin. Kawai a cikin eter awoyi zai tafi da ruwa mai tsabta. Kawai abin da ya yi gwagwarmaya?
Zai yuwu a rage aikin shigarwa idan kun hau cumurin da ruwan tsarkakewa. Gaskiya ne, wannan zabin yana da raguwarta. Kada ku so akwati, amma kuna buƙatar a lokaci-lokaci tsabta. Hakanan yana buƙatar ƙarin saka hannun jari: Kudin kuɗi don ingantaccen farashin atomatik don ci gaba da matakin ruwa a cikin wannan ƙarfin + farashin da ake buƙata akan hanyar sadarwa (bayan ƙarfin), + kudin na fatar ido da wiring da ake buƙata don haɗin. Don haka yana iya zama da kyau, cewa wannan zaɓi ba zai zama mai rahusa ba.
Mafi mahimmancin yanayin aiki na tsarin tsarkake ruwa shine zagaye-da-agogo da zafin jiki (dakin ya zama mai zafi) da kasancewar na hanci. Domin sake fasalin tsarin tace tare da karfin 1M3 / h, kimanin 2 m3 na ruwa na tsarin shaye-shaye, ya kamata a dauki wannan adadi na tsarin aiki. ga yawan kwarara a ciki. Muhalli, matsalar haɗuwa na tsayin shara tare da tsarin magani na ruwa yana da sasanninta da yawa. Misali: "Inda aka sake magudana sharar lokacin lokacin da Manganese? Yadda za a yi karo da teburin da ba a san shi ba. Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar matsin lamba na shigarwar, tunda ya zama dole ba "Ya fashe da ma'adinan, ya cika da matatar. Don wanke gurbataccen aiki a cikin kowane tacewa (da wuya a yi la'akari da matsin lamba a cikin kowane tacewa (mai ƙarfi game da 0.3-0.6 ATM) da kuma Wanke da Wasa A mafi matsin lamba na aƙalla 1-2 a ATM. Don haka ya juya cewa a ƙofar tsarin, matsin lamba shine 3-5 atm.
Don haka, ya zama dole don ɗaukar famfo mai kyau daidai. Idan mai rauni ne, dole ne ka kafa karuwa a famfo mai matsin lamba (alal misali, kamfanonin Lowara, farashin $ 200-400, gwargwadon aiki, ko Calipea, farashin ya daga $ 90). Saboda haka an kunna famfo kusa kamar yadda zai yiwu, tsarin ya zama dole yana buƙatar membrane tanki. Misali, daga Menegead, Amurka, daga 60l ($ 190) zuwa 1000l ($ 2450), ko Reflex, Jamusanci ($ 550). Koyaya, kuma ba tare da tanki ba, yana yiwuwa a yi, idan kun yi amfani da farashin Grandfos (MQ, SQE, da sauransu) tare da ƙa'idar juyawa, gwargwadon yawan masu farawa. Ta wannan za ku ceci kuɗi da wurin da suke, idan sun kasance ba koyaushe.
Tsarin Cattridge
Tsarin tsabtace ruwa da aka bayyana a sama ya dace kawai idan sun zauna a cikin gidan kullun (ko kuma koyaushe bai kamata a lullube su a cikin hunturu ba. Achto suna yi idan kuna zaune a cikin gida "Tashi" kuma game da abin da zai iya dumama cikin hunturu ko da magana ba zai iya zama ba?
A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a tattara tsarin maganin ruwa daga shingaye na ruwa tare da katako mai canzawa, kowane ɗayan yana tsarkake ruwa daga wani nau'in gurbata. Daga cikin samfuran wannan, da farko, matattarar matattarar tacewar ta Amurka (Amurka), Agrs, Rusilftr, Cjsc "sabon ruwa".
Abubuwa biyu na magungunan filastik na 10Dauima (254mm) da 20Demuwanni (508mm) suna da alaƙa da bututun guda biyu da dual. Radanewar Katim ya ba da mafi ƙasƙanci na katako: Tsabtace ruwa (don tsabtace ruwa daga laka); m co (makaba mai rarrafe, carbon toshe, Ruwa na radial, da sauransu); Cartridge, jinkirtawa baƙin ƙarfe da ƙarfe masu nauyi, taurin salts da polyphosphosches ... gabaɗaya, akwai katako don duk lokutan. Vaseeline UST tace yana da "Musamman" - katako na tsarkakakken ruwa daga samfuran mai man fetur. Daga cikin waɗannan ka'idodin keɓaɓɓen (wurin da kansa "shaƙewa") kuma kusan wannan makirci (amma a ƙaramin tsari (wanda aka bayyana a cikin ƙaramin abu) an bayyana shi, wanda aka bayyana a sama. Yawan matakai kamar yadda aka ayyana ta hanyar binciken sunadarai na ruwa. Don kammala hadaddun, tsarin disnantse (Ul irradiation) ana iya buƙata.
Wani tsarin yana da kyau saboda, idan ya cancanta, zaku iya ƙara sabbin abubuwa lokacin da ya cancanta don "baturin da aka ɗora a baya". Kayan kwallayen katako yana kan matsakaita 20m3. Aikin tsarin (ganiya) - har zuwa 80 l / min. Kudin kowane mataki ya ci gaba daga farashin Hull (daga $ 60 don "kanana" zuwa $ 85 don "Big") + Babban Cartridge ($ 20-140).
Sabis na kasuwa
Kasuwa don ayyukan magani na ruwa yayi kama da (alal misali, a cikin Moscow) yana da kusan haka. Akwai manyan kamfanonin kamfanoni da yawa da ƙarami, adadin wanda yake canzawa koyaushe. Farashin mafi girma "Old" farashin kamfanonin kamfanonin, amma kafada na dinki. Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyin da aka kafa sune kamar yadda ya biyo bayan kowane babban kamfani ya rufe dukkan kayan aikin don shigarwa na atomatik, gami da tsarin atomatik. Wataƙila ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin waɗannan masu siyarwa sun fi son kayan aikin tsarkakawar ruwan Amurkawa, wanda ke motsa ta da babban tsarin tsarin gida a Amurka da cikakkiyar binciken su. Tun lokacin da kewayon samfuran a waɗannan kamfanonin suna da kusanci, zaɓin an ƙaddara shi ne ta zaɓin mutum da tausayawa mai siye da tausayawa. Idan ƙwararrun masu siyarwa za su aiwatar da shigarwa, farashinsa zai zama kusan kashi 15-20% na farashin kayan aiki. Hakanan akwai wani sigar babban aiki lokacin da kungiya ta haifar da shigarwa a cikin gida tabarfada aiki a karkashin kulawar fasaha daga kamfanin mai siyarwa. Wannan zaɓi na iya yin rahusa fiye da farkon (ta 5-7%), kuma wataƙila ...A cikin ƙananan kamfanonin, kewayon yawanci suna samun, amma farashin yana ƙasa. Ya zo ga irin wannan kyakkyawar hujja don kayi wani abu mai wahala.
Gabaɗaya, zaɓin kamfanin ba abu bane mai sauƙi, kuma dole ne ku yanke shawara akan kanku. Wanda zai iya ba da shawara kawai ka zabi kamfanin da ke cikin kasuwa akalla shekaru biyu. A wannan lokacin, ta riga ta sami mahimmancin ƙwarewar da "gobe" daga kasuwa, mafi yiwuwa ba za ta shuɗe ba.
Wasu masu inganci masu inganci
| Abu | Matsakaicin taro, MG / DM3 | Aikin Hazard | Cutarwa sakamakon wuce haddi | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUKUMAR LAFIYA TA DUNIYA | Yi amfani | EC | SANPIN | |||
| Aluminum (al) | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0.5. | 2. | Mataki neurotoxic mataki |
| Bariium (BA) | 0,7 | 2. | 0.1. | 0.1. | 2. | Leckemia |
| Baƙin ƙarfe (fe) | 0,3. | 0,3. | 0,2 | 0,3. | 3. | Cututtukan hanta, jini, zukata, rashin lafiyan |
| Cadmium (CD) | 0.003. | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.001. | 2. | Rashin Hakki, mashako, anemia, omolology |
| Potassium (k) | - | - | 12 | - | - | Hauhawar jini |
| Alli (ca) | - | - | 100 | - | - | Urololithiasis, hauhawar jini |
| Magnesium (MG) | - | - | hamsin | - | - | Sclerosis, hauhawar jini |
| Mananganese (mn) | 0.5 (0,1) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.1. | 3. | EleBiotoxic mataki |
| Jan ƙarfe (cu) | 2 (1) | 1-1.3 | 2. | ɗaya | 3. | Hepatitis, anemia |
| Molybdenum (mo) | 0.07 | - | - | 0.25. | 2. | Tasirin Neurotoxic, Kwarewa, raunin fata |
| Arsenic (as) | 0,01 | 0.05 | 0,01 | 0.05 | 2. | Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar da kuma Tumot na lung, yana shafar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya |
| Sodium (na) | 200. | - | 200. | 200. | 2. | Hauhawar jini, lalacewar zuciya, ƙwarewa |
| Nickel (ni) | 0.02. | - | 0.02. | 0.1. | 3. | Lalacewar zuciya da hanta |
| Nitrates (no3) | hamsin | 44. | hamsin | 45. | 3. | Methemoglobinemia (sinnnnnnny baby syndrome) |
| Nitritics (no2) | 3. | 3,3. | 0.5. | 3. | 2. | Tasirin guba |
| Mali | 0.001. | 0.002. | 0.001. | 0.0005 | ɗaya | Keta ayyukan koda, tsarin juyayi |
| Jagora (PB) | 0,01 | 0.015 | 0,01 | 0.03 | 2. | Ya shafi tsakiyar juyayi, tsarin haihuwa da kodan, yana haifar da hauhawar jini |
| Selenium (SE) | 0,01 | 0.05 | 0,01 | 0,01 | 2. | Yana shafar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, yana haifar da cututtukan mucous membranes da dermatitis |
| Sulfate (so42-) | 250. | 250. | 250. | 500. | huɗu | Zawo, cututtukan gallway |
| Phosphorus (p) | - | - | - | 0.0001. | ɗaya | Cututtuka na kayan kashi |
| Flurasides (f-) | 1.5 | 2-4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2. | Annoba (halaka ta hakane, sankelon) |
| Chlawides (Cl-) | 250. | 250. | 250. | 350. | huɗu | Rashin hauhawar jini, rikicewar zuciya |
| Chrome (CR3 +) | - | 0.1. | 0.05 | 0.5. | 3. | Hani da hanta na Kidane, yana shafar fata da tsarin narkewa |
| Cyanides (cn-) | 0.07 | 0,2 | 0.05 | 0.035 | 2. | Lalacewa ga glandar thyroid da tsarin juyayi na tsakiya |
| Zinc (Zn) | 3. | biyar | biyar | biyar | 3. | Take keta ayyukan musayar |
| Benz (a) Pyrene | 0,7 | 0,2 | 0,01 | 0-5 | ɗaya | Halakar ko hanta, hanta, oncology |
| Surfacts (Surfacts) | - | - | - | 500. | - | Mutagenic mataki |
| Magungunan kashe qwari. | - | - | 0.5. | 400 (1,2-Dichloro- Propane) | 2. | Shafage tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, tsarin na numfashi, kodan (janar na ciki) da hanta, haifar da cutar kansa |
Masu gyara suna godiya da kamfanin "Star Helios", "Membrane Fasto,", "Cibiyar Lantarki ta ruwa", "Cibiyar Harkokin Ruwa", "Cibiyar Ruwa ta ruwa", "Compology Cikin Aqua", "Contoman-ALA" don taimako shiri na kayan.