Sisitemu yo kunywa amazi yubusambanyi ninyubako. Igikoresho, gahunda, ibisobanuro, abakora, gahunda y'ibiciro.
Sisitemu ya Autolrol hamwe nibice bitandukanye byo kugenzura
Sisitemu yo kunywa amazi osmo-300 (8l / h) na Osmo-600 (95l / h) hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika ("Inyenyeri ya Helios")
Ibice byimbere mu rukurikirane bwa safiro hamwe na sisitemu ihendutse ituruka kubintu bisa hamwe no kugenzura intoki
Hamwe niterambere ryubwubatsi, ikibazo cyamazi meza cyurugo aragenda arushaho kuba ingenzi. N'ubundi kandi, gutunganya amazi kuri nyir'ikanzu ni umuntu ku giti cye. Ku bijyanye n'ikintu cyo kwitotombera, nta vuga nta shituro na leta cyangwa serivisi za komine zifasha.
Isoko rifite isuku?
Ingingo yo kweza amazi iri kure ya Nova. Mu myaka 7-8 ishize, buri gihe imurikirwa mu icapiro. IVS, nubwo abanditsi b'ibitabo rwose bagerageza gufasha abasomyi gushakisha uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo byegeranijwe, ibibazo byabashinzwe kubateza imbere bigumaho ndetse baragwira. Hariho impamvu nyinshi zibiteganya. Ubwa mbere, ikibazo cyibidukikije kizengurutse imigi gikomeje kwangirika. Amateran yimifuka yimyanda kumuhanda wose wa purkaban hamwe na mothans ninyongera gusa. Ndetse n'amazi meza yatangiye kwanduza, kandi amazi ava mu mariba y'ibihangano yahagaritse kuba ikimenyetso cy'ubusurwa gisanzwe. Icya kabiri, guhagarika ibwubatsi byurukwavu byongera umubare wabakoresha amazi kandi bigatanga ibibazo bishya byikoranabuhanga. Hanyuma, ibyo ubwabyo byo kwitondera ni amazi ubwabyo, reka bigarure 2/3 byubuso bwisi kandi bugera kuri 80% yumubiri wumuntu. Amabanga amwe abitangajwe buhoro, uburyo bushya nibikoresho bitangira gusaba amazi. Dukeneye abasomyi kumenyana.Iyo unyuze mu butaka, amazi ahindura maquillage yumunyu. Usibye umunyu usanzwe wo gukomera (umunyu wa calcium na magnesium), izindi mvugo zituruka ku kububaha: icyuma, muri sarnimi, wa radio, Fluorine ... muri rusange, ntibishobora kuba kimwe cya kabiri Mubice bya mendeleev Ibitekerezo biboneka mubutaka muburyo butandukanye. Ubwihindurize bwubwinjiriro bwumubiri bwabantu hari ukuntu byamenyerereye: Guhana ibitekerezo byingenzi byamagufwa na aside-alkaline, iyubakwa ryamagufwa, inzira nziza zidasanzwe zidashoboka ko umuntu abanye ibiryo n'amazi . Byose bijyanye na dosage yabo. ISUCTIC, kandi kubura byangiza ubuzima, kandi urutonde rwindwara zumvikana (ziboneka mubitabo bitandukanye) ubwoba buhebuje.
Kuruta icyuma giteye akaga no gukomera
Icyuma. Mu mazi yo mu butaka bwo munsi y'ubutaka bw'akarere ka Kiliya, harimo n'akarere ka Moscou, kwibanda ku cyuma bishobora kugera kuri 15mg / l. Mumaze kwibanda kuri 0.5 mg / l mumazi ashyushye, icyuma gitangira kunyerera cyane, biganisha ku guhiga, pelute irekuwe. Ku bushyuhe bwa 65-95, birareba hejuru yimbere yimiyoboro. Iyi mvugo yinjire buhoro buhoro guhanahana amakuru, imirasire, imiyoboro. Isahani ihanahana ibikoresho byo gutegura amazi ashyushye irashobora kugira ingaruka byuzuye mumezi make. ACHTO ibaho hamwe nibikoresho byikora no kumazi, bikava kuri gahunda kubera gukubita amacomeka, wowe ubwawe urakeka.
Gukoresha igihe kirekire kumugabo ufite ibikubiye mucyuma biganisha ku ndwara y'umwijima, yongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa n'umutima, bitera reaction ya allergique. Kurenga kwa Manganese bitera amabara yamazi, uburyohe, hamwe no gukoresha igihe kirekire kuri ayo magufa-indwara ya sisitemu. Kubwibyo, mumazi yo kunywa, ukurikije urugendo, kwibanda kwicyuma ntigikwiye kurenga 0.3 mg / l, na manganese-0.1 l.
Amazi akomeye arimo iyo ahuye n'imvura nyinshi, ntabwo yangiza. Byongeye kandi, igipimo ni imikorere ya chimicle kandi mubyukuri "arya" ntabwo ari ibintu bishyushya amashanyarazi gusa byibikoresho byo murugo, ariko na kimwe na gatanye na kashe. Byongeye kandi, mubikoresho byo murugo byanze gukora ibikoresho bifite umwobo mwiza: Guswera Abamazi batera imitwe yo gukaraba no koza ibikoresho, Hydromasassa. Ingufu nyinshi zongewe kuri ibi bitero: Igice cyurwego ni MM 1.5 gusa biganisha ku kugabanuka kwubushyuhe mubikoresho byo gushyushya hafi 15%. Igihe kirenze, amazi akomeye itera urolithisis, sclerose, hypertension. Kandi inzira nziza yo kurwanya ibyo bintu byose ni ugukoresha nkamazi yoroheje bishoboka.
Ariko, ikibazo cyibidukikije cyateje agaciro gake cyane nkibikorwa byabantu. Nubuntu bakubabaje cyane ubwiza bwamazi mumigezi, ibiyaga no hejuru yacyo, bikabatera ubwoba bwinshi bwibiro bya anthropogenic (nko kwicara byihishe, imiti yica udukoko, nitrites, biremereye icyuma na medioniclide). Amazi hamwe na bamwe muri aba banduye kunywa ntibishoboka, kandi urugamba rwo kubarwanya rushobora kubahenze kuburyo bizahendukira gutuza mumazi munzu ahantu kure (birashobora no guta urubuga rwaguzwe).
Gutegura amazi meza nikibazo mubihugu byose. Umwanda w'amazi ugenzurwa, ibihimbano byabo no kwibanda birasanzwe. Muri rusange, hari 6Gutsinda ryibyanduye: Offolept, rusange, inorundiki, Organic, Organic, ibinyabuzima, ibinyabuzima, radiyo. Umubare rusange wibipimo byamazi bigenzurwa birenze. Nibyo, mubihugu bitandukanye, ibigize umwanda bigenzurwa hamwe n'imipaka yabo yemewe iratandukanye. Imbonerahamwe yimodoka twerekanye gusa igice cyavurizwa gusabwa hagati yumuryango wubuzima bwisi, muri komite ishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (USA), Inama ya EC na Sanpin yo mu gihugu 2.1.4.1074-01. Birumvikana, mumasoko yawe, gusa igice cyibigize urutonde rusange rushobora kuvumburwa, ariko biterwa nigihe.
Nigute ushobora gukora ikizamini cyamazi yo gusesengura?
Amazi, yakuweho gusa inkomoko (nta -nsludy), gusuka mu kirahure cyangwa icupa rya plastike (litiro ku nkombe yijosi hanyuma, uzungurutse amazi yo hejuru, munsi yijosi kugirango ugabanye ihuriro na air ogisijeni yo mu kirere. Ikirunga cyangwa kidasanzwe cyakoreshejwe neza (amazi) ni icyapambaga byibuze amasaha 2-3. Tangira ikirango cyerekana ubwoko bwinkomoko (ariko ntabwo ariho), igihe, izina ryuzuye Ikigeragezo cyatoranijwe cyamazi kirakenewe mugihe gito gishoboka cyo kugeza kuri laboratoire (igihe cyo gutanga ntigikwiye kurenga).Nkwiye kuvugana he? Mbere ya byose, kuri sitasiyo y'akarere ses cyangwa ku ruhushya kandi icyemezo cyemewe. Niba uhita uhita uhita usohoza gahunda, bigaragaye ko abantu bamwe bazakora isesengura, basaba kwishyiriraho, barayishyiraho kandi isesengura ryanyuma ryemeza ko ibintu byose ari ugusukura. Birashoboka cyane ko udashobora kugenzura neza ibikorwa byabo. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kugerageza kungura gahunda, ishingiro rikurikira. Gira byibuze isesengura ryibirimo: Umwe mu ishyirahamwe ryigenga, buffem ya kabiri, irakora sisitemu yo gukomera, harimo gusesengura. Shakisha impamvu yo kunyuranya nibikorwa. Nyuma yo gushiraho no gushyira sisitemu mubikorwa, ukuri kw '"ibisohoka" gusubiramo mu mutwe mu ishyirahamwe rimwe ryigenga. By the way, ibigo bikomeye byo gutanga ubwabyo ubwabyo bitanga isesengura ryimisumari.
Ku bibazo bikunze kugaragara n'amazi, bisaba gukoresha uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura amazi, birashobora guterwa:
- Kuba hari urwanduro rwamanike (umucanga, ibumba, nibindi);
- yashonze mu ibyuma by'amazi na Manganese;
- Gukomera kw'amazi ;
- uburyohe, impumuro, chromatiotity;
- Kubaho kwa bagiteri na mikorobe;
- Umwanda hamwe na ortuca (imiti yica udukoko, ibicuruzwa bya peteroli, ibibazo, spawy).
Aho gutangirira he?
Tangira gufata icyemezo cyamazi kugirango akazu heruye ari byiza murwego rwo kubona umugambi wo kubaka, ndetse na mbere yo kugura. Kugenzura umugambi mushya, mbere ya byose, birakenewe guhitamo aho uzajyana amazi murugo. Nibyiza niba bigaragaye, iriba, cyangwa mumudugudu irafatwa (cyangwa bumaze) gutanga amazi. Uwagugurisha platifomu asabwa gusa gusubiza, ni ikihe kigo cya hydrologiya cyo mu karere kegeranye n'uburyo abarozi bafunzwe. Amakuru agomba gusobanurwa, gushyikirana nabaturanyi cyangwa no kuvugana na komite y'akarere kubutunzi bwubutaka nubuyobozi bwubutaka. Noneho gerageza kubona ibisubizo byisesengura ryamazi ahantu hatanzwe cyangwa hafi (menya mumidugudu ituranye cyangwa kwigira). Ikintu nyamukuru nukumenya isuku nuburozi nuburozi bwamazi. Niba aya makuru ari ibisanzwe, kandi isesengura ryerekana ibikubiye mu cyuma, Mangane, impumyi kugahariko hamwe n'ibinyabuzima biri hafi y'ibintu, nta kintu kibi - Kurandura ibi bintu bya tekiniki ntabwo bigoye cyane. IPRIER nkiyongereye, ikibanza cyateganijwe gishobora kugura neza. Ariko niba ibipimo bya Microbiologio byarenze ibipimo, bigomba kwanga kutagereranywa. Umwanda waturutse he? Inzira kuri bo ni nyinshi. Izi ni ubutaka nimishinga, rimwe na rimwe biherereye kuri kilometero mirongo uva kurubuga rwawe. Aba bakinguriwe ubuhinzi n'umurima. Inzira nyabagendwa. Inzuzi n'ibiyaga.
Isesengura ry'amazi rirakenewe mugihe icyo ari cyo cyose: Niba ufite inzu yiteguye, itangwa ryamazi rimaze gutegurwa (neza, neza, kandi bimaze igihe kinini ritanga ikibanza hanyuma ugatangira gukemura ikibazo cyo gutanga amazi. Mu ntangiriro, ntabwo ari ngombwa kwishingikiriza byimazeyo ku isesengura ryagusengura, rikora neza (kubaka iriba) - ndetse 50m kuri kure cyane kandi bisa nkaho bivuye mu mazi meza (amayeri ) irashobora gutandukana cyane muburyo bw'amazi. Kugaragaza isesengura mubice bitatu-bine bizagutwara hafi $ 10, kandi byuzuye, 20-25, bihagije kugirango uhitemo ibikoresho byiza - $ 25-40.
Gusa kubisubizo byamazi kandi bitewe na tekiniki ushaka gukemura (amazi yose yo kunywa, amazi yo kunywa, nibindi), kandi ibikoresho byatoranijwe kuri sisitemu yo kweza amazi.
Ibikoresho byo kwezwa amazi birahora mugari. Reka tuvuge niba hashize imyaka 7-8 muri Moscou imwe, yahawe ibikoresho by'ibigo bibiri gusa kugeza kuri bitatu gusa, kandi ibyo bigo byari abanyamahanga gusa, kandi hafi miliyoni 40 birahanwa ku muguzi. Muri bo harimo Umunyamerika, Ikidage, Icyongereza, Igisuwede, Igifaransa, Igifaransa n'Ikigo cy'Ikirere. Bagerageza "gutsinda" mubanyamahanga umugabane wabo wisoko ryikirusiya nibigo byacu, kandi barabikora neza.
Sisitemu yo kuvura amazi
Amazi menshi (amazu y'abashyitsi agera kuri 300l kumunsi kumuryango) akoreshwa kubukeneye murugo (gukaraba, koza ibiryo, kwiyuhagira). Amazi yo kunywa no guteka ni igice gito cyamazi yo gukoresha amazi rusange.Sisitemu yo kuvura amazi igizwe n'amatsinda atatu y'ibikoresho bitandukanye mu ntego:
- Ibikoresho byo kwezwa amazi mubyanduye bwa mashini ku bwinjiriro bw'akazu (inzu, inzu, inzu) cyangwa mbere yo gukoresha ibikoresho byo murugo;
- Ibikoresho byo gukosora imiti yamazi (SOFTENESERNES, kwimuka, amakara na gion na ion no muri gahunda yo gukuraho iminyururu), uhereye kumurongo wacyo hamwe na sisitemu yihariye yo gukora isuku;
- Ibikoresho byo kubona amazi yo kunywa ni kwanduza no gusoma amazi yo kunywa ubuziranenge mumafaranga asabwa kubikoresha buri munsi (kugeza kumuntu); Bikunze gushyirwaho hafunguwe hafi ya crane yo kunywa.
Ibikoresho byo gukora amazi meza
Umucanga, ibumba, ILL hamwe n'ibindi bice bikubiye mu mazi bisenya ibikoresho byo mu rugo na Plambers - bitwikiriye ibibara, bikareka kumera vuba. Inzira yoroshye yo kurwanya ibi bintu birimo gusukura amazi mumiti ya mashini nukwinjiza cyangwa kwishyira hamwe, cyangwa ikarito (gutemba).
Muyunguruzi muyunguruzi, amazi ayungurujwe akoresheje gride ya stol idafite ibyuma bidakenewe guhindurwa nyuma ya "Gutsinda" imyanda). Flushing irashobora gukorerwa intoki zombi kandi muburyo bwikora (imashini ifungura valve kandi yuzuyeho filteri amasegonda 15 binyuze mumwanya wateganijwe). Mesh Cousth na Kugabanya igitutu kuri bo bitanga RBM (Ubutaliyani), Hwonewell Braukmann (Ubudage), Syr (Ubudage). Ukurikije imikorere, muyungurura intoki yatwaye $ 80-400, yihenze cyane kumadorari 200. Amarushanwa y'ibikoresho bya Mesh aragerageza gukora disiki n'isoko. DC Akayunguruzo DF1-75 (karwal, Isiraheli hamwe na barwidth kugeza kuri 4m3 / h ifite agaciro ka $ 110. Vuba aha, igikoresho cyumwimerere cyo murugo "Thermilofilter" cyagaragaye ku Bicuruzwa (LLC EKosterservis Technohim-m), akoresha ibanga ryibintu byo kuyungurura. Birashobora no gukuraho ibintu byakamyo amazi ashyushye.
Mu bikoresho bya Cartridge, kuyungurura ibintu, nk'ubutegetsi, ni "coil" yo ku mutwe wa Polypropylene. Nyuma yikintu "mu buvuzi" cyumye (hafi amezi atandatu), yasimbuwe gusa (kubwibi ugomba gukurikiza ba nyirubwite). Uyu muyunguruzi ni ukujugunya cyane kuruta kwihesha agaciro (ibiciro byumubiri kuva $ 15 kugeza $ 85, Cartridge kuva $ 5 kugeza $ 20), ariko birashobora kuba bihenze cyane. Kurohama bizagomba gusimbuza amakarito, ntuzasobanura mbere, ibi urashobora kuboneka nyuma yo gusimburwa kwambere. Atoll, Amerika Akayunguruzo, Atlas, "Geyser", "Geferi" n'abandi bahindura amakarito ya Farising aje na Mesh idasanzwe kandi ikozwe mu bintu bitari.
Niba agace gato (ubwoko bwibumba cyangwa yals) buhari mumazi, yaba mesh cyangwa umupira wamaguru birakwiriye umwanda vuba cyane bifunga hejuru. Kurwana nubwato bwateguwe nuyungurura. Igizwe nuwiswe "umubiri rusange" (silinderi) no kuyungurura umutwaro (umucanga, Anthracite, amabuye y'agaciro, amabuye y'agaciro ava kuri 80 μm. Aluminosilicates (kurugero, muyunguruzi-agregat muyungurura moderi ya ST-PF kuva Kinetico) yatsinzwe gusa kubice bitarenze 20 MKM. Uyu muyunguruzi hafi ya buri gihe yashyizwe muri sisitemu yo kuvura amazi meza. "Universal" yinzu yabo yitwa kuko irashobora gukoreshwa muri kimwe mubyiciro bya sisitemu yo kweza amazi, birakenewe gusa gushyira gupakira ibihangano bihuye. "Imanza rusange" ziva mu biribwa polyethylene, imbaraga-nyinshi za fiberglass ndetse n'icyuma kidafite ishingiro (kwisiga n'ikoranabuhanga cjsc). Silinderi ishoboye gukora mu gitutu kuri 8.8ATM kandi ihangane na hydraulic ihungaburo ya 53at. Igiciro cya sedimentary alteri ni $ 600-800 kuri 1m3 / h imikorere. Imbere mu gihugu "safiro p20A" (automatic) kuva MTT ni inshuro ebyiri bihendutse.
Ibikoresho byo guhindura imiti yamazi
Muyunguruzi kubyanduye. Icyuma gishonga mu mazi, kimwe no guherekeza Manganeya muri sisitemu yigenga isukurwa na cataletic okiside. Kugirango ukore ibi, "urubanza rusange" rusinzira granules hamwe numutungo wa catalist (kwihuta kwihuta). Kuba ibyuma bihari byimazeyo oxygene bikubiye mumazi, bijya mubihugu bidahunze kandi bikemura kuri granules. Iyo wogoshe hamwe namazi meza yamazi, iyi mvugo ikurwaho kandi isubirwamo mumyanda (sisitemu yamazi). Mu gusimbuka amazi runaka, filteri ihagarika kuvuka bushya. Gukangura ibitangazamakuru bishingiye kuri dioxyde de manganese birasanzwe cyane: Bird, MGS (Pylox, Filox, Pyrolox. Byongeye kandi, niba uwambere muribo yakuyeho icyuma gusa, no kugarura ibintu (kuvuka ubwa kabiri), birahagije koza amazi igice cya manganese, ariko kuvuka gusohora, ariko kubwo kuvugurura ibyavuye muri manganen, hanyuma Kuraho ibisigazwa byanyuma. Niba ogisijeni yashongeshejwe (ifite icyuma ginini, Ammoniya, Ammoniya, Hydrogen Sulfide), koresha aerator yuzuza amazi hamwe n'umwuka.Muburyo bwo kunyerera habaye imbogamizi: ntabwo ikuraho icyuma kidafite aho gihurira, ntabwo ikuraho icyuma kirimo ibyuma byinshi (hejuru ya 15 MG / L), n'amazi bitari acide (pH munsi ya 7). Bitabaye ibyo, birakenewe gushyira ingamba zidasanzwe, kurugero, gukoresha umubyingenzi wa aside (uruhara rwinyongera rwashyizweho mbere yinyuma). Akayunguruzo ko kwisuzumisha hamwe nubushobozi bwa 1.5 M3 / h bigura $ 1000-100.
Muyungurura "byoroshye". Kugabanya uburiganya bwamazi, ni ukuvuga kugabanya calcium na magnesium umunyu wangiritse muri yo (neza cyane, ion yabo) ku gaciro keza, bitwa koroheje. Isoko ryo guhanahana ibisimba rirasinzira, bikaviramo guhanahana ka calcium na magnesium kuva mumazi kuri sodium ions kuva resin. Guhanagura CALIS Onsin Nyuma yo Kwambukiranya Amazi Bikomeye Yatakaje ubushobozi bwo gukuramo kandi busaba kugarura (tuzagira ibihe 1-2 mu cyumweru). Byakozwe ukoresheje igisubizo cyumunyu wumunyu. Inzira ikubiyemo gushonga umunyu, inshinge yumuti mumuriro, kuvugurura, guhinduranya no gukaraba no kumara amasaha 2-3110 kuva Rohm HaAs) birashobora kuba imyaka 6-8. Hano hari ibyokurya bya feza birimo, bituma amazi yanduza. Kubiciro byibiciro bitandukanye na bike muyungurura.
Guhuza isuku muyungurura. Bitewe nibibabi byinshi, hamwe no gutoranya neza (ubwoko, ingano, guhinduranya ibice), birashoboka ko uzakora muyungurura icyarimwe, byoroshye, kimwe no kweza igice, sulfates, iminyururu iremereye, kama. Kubwo kuyambura kuriya muyunguruzi, umunyu wameza nawo urasabwa. Bahagaritse ijanisha ku miterere 20 badasanzwe, kandi basimbuze ibikoresho bibiri. Nibyo, bakorana namazi yanduye cyane.
Akayunguruzo Yagenewe kugabanya ibikubiye mubyanduye kama na chlorine ibisiba, ikuraho impumuro no guterura bidasanzwe. Gukarabakara byo gusiganwa imbere ni "uruzitiro rusange" rwuzuyemo karubone ikora (ku gipimo cya 60 DM3 kuri 1 M3 / H). Kenshi na kenshi, kugeza amakara yakomeretse muri cocout hamwe namakara, byatewe na feza, birakoreshwa. Ibikoresho byiziyunguruzo binini cyane kuruta amakarito (mugukuramo ibihangano no kuvugurura igice hejuru ya granules mugihe cyo gukaraba). Ariko, ibice kama bavumbuwe ku mfuruka ikora birashobora kuba intungamubiri zintungamubiri za bagiteri, nayo irahoho amakara menshi. Kubwibyo, inyuma ntigomba guhinduka mugihe (tuzagira igihe cyubushake). Igura amakara 1 ya DM3 hafi $ 3. Gusaba amakara ya feza bibuza imikurire ya bagiteri imbere (kubera imiterere ya bagiteri yiyi byuma).
Mubikorwa byo kuvura amazi, uburyo bukurikira bwo kuzamura ubwiza bwamazi burakoreshwa cyane: 1 - Gutandukanya; 2 - uv irradaire; 4 - guhinduranya osmose; 5 - Guhana ion; 6 - coagulation + kuyungurura; 7 - Gufungura submicron; 8 - ultrafiltration; 9 - Lime; 10 - umubabaro + okiside; 11 - Umubabaro; 12 - Guhana; 13 - Anionobam; 14 - Electrodialysis; 15 - aeration; 16 - acide; 17 - impfizi mbi; 18 - Ozonation; 19 - magnetic no gutunganya elecragnetic; 20 - Isuku. Gahunda yo Gutegura Amazi ya Vlokel ku nzu y'igihugu ikwiranye na Mechanical Filt, Cataleytic Okiside, ion Guhana, Kugurana, Umubabaro kuri Carbone, UV iragaragaza.
Sisitemu yo kuvura amazi
Niba utuye munzu yigihugu igihe cyose wowe, birumvikana ko uzahuza sisitemu yo kuvura amazi meza. Yubatswe n'intambwe kuva kumurongo wavuzwe "uruzitiro rusange" hamwe nishami rishinzwe kugenzura hamwe nuburyo bukora muburyo bwo guhindura ibintu. Buri "busanzwe" ifite umutwaro ukwiye, uhangana n'ubwoko runaka (itsinda) ryanduye. Umubare w'intambwe zikenewe zatoranijwe, ushingiye ku gusesengura imiti y'amazi. Nk'uburyo, sisitemu nkiyi ikubiyemo akayunguruzo ka sedimentary, Anonymous, yoroshye hamwe namakara. Bashizweho neza, umwe umwe. Umutwaro wumutwaro nubunini bwumubiri "wa buri cyiciro bigenwa nibikubiye mu mazi no gukoresha amazi. Ibice byo gukora imirongo nkiyi itanga abakora ibi bikurikira:
- Imanza rusange (silinders) - imiterere (Ububiligi), Parike International (USA), Pevasa (Espanye).
- Akazura ibidukikije (Gukuramo kuri muyunguruzi) - Purolite, dow chem, Calgon (Ubudage), Gariya), Ubudage), Ubudage).
- Auotrol, flack, sisitemu ya ecoinater (USA).
Gucunga inzira yo kuvura amazi. Inzira yo kuvura amazi yo kuvura murugo, ibiyunguruzo byose bikora kumategeko yishami rishinzwe kugenzura byikora. Buri kimwe muri byo cyashyizweho kuri gahunda yabo y'ibikorwa. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kugenzura sisitemu: Mugihe no gukoresha amazi.
Kugenzura igihe. Ikintu nyamukuru gishinzwe kugenzura ni igihe, gitanga amategeko akenewe kugirango yogejwe hamwe nindi rufatizo. Akayunguruzo kagukora mu bihe nyacyo, kandi umurimo wumukoresha karagabanuka kugirango ushyireho uburyo bwo gukaraba mugihe icyo aricyo cyose cyigihe cyiza cyicyumweru. Irashobora kugenwa, kurugero, kuwa mbere no kuwa kane mumasaha 2 yijoro (iminsi yombi, kandi, bivuze, muri iki gihe abantu bose bazaryama munzu). Nibiba ngombwa, urashobora gukora kugaruka ku gahato hanze ya gahunda.
Kugenzura. "Komanda-Umuyobozi" muri sisitemu ni metero itemba, cyane, microprocesor ihujwe na sensor-turbine ipima ibiyobyabwenge binyuze muyungurura. Mudasobwa yubaka imbonerahamwe yimikorere yamazi kumunsi wicyumweru, rimwe na rimwe igerageza sisitemu kandi igatangara kuri uwo munsi ubwo yakandamiye. Turashimira gahunda nkiyi yo kugenzura, gukoresha amazi ntabwo ari byiza gusa, ariko kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi bwuyungurura burambuye. Iyi gahunda ifatwa neza gukora neza muri iki gihe.
Igenzura ryibikoresho ku ihame ryibikorwa ni amoko atanu. Amashanyarazi na elegitoronike, gukata (Mechanical) bikoreshwa. Amashanyarazi ya electromencal ihendutse elegitoronike, ariko bisaba kwitabwaho cyane. Kurugero, hamwe no guhagarika amashanyarazi, igice cya electromagnetic gishobora kuba "gutakaza" umwanya-nyacyo hamwe nibikorwa bifitanye isano, bikavamo guhindura umwanya washyizweho. Isisystem irashobora gutangira gukaraba na nijoro, aribo, mugihe ukeneye amazi. Igenzura rya elegitoronike rigumana igenamiterere nubwo amashanyarazi yazimiwe iminsi myinshi, ntabwo rero ari ngombwa kubikurikirana. Igishushanyo kirenze kabiri nka elegitoroniki, ariko hamwe nabo sisitemu yose ireka kuba byikora.
Gukomeza uburyo bukoreshwa mubihe aho amazi asukuye asabwa nta kiruhuko cyo kuvuka. Kugirango ukore ibi, hari aho bahurira hamwe nishami risanzwe ryo kugenzura (sisitemu yimpanga) kuri buri cyiciro cyo gukora isuku. Niba umwe muyungurura muri "Akazi", noneho uwa kabiri arashobora kuba muri "reroceration", cyangwa muri "reserve" hanyuma akangure "akazi", nyuma yintambwe yambere " Guhindura ibigega kuva muburyo bumwe ujya mubindi bibaho mu buryo bwikora. Akayunguruzo ka Softener gakoreshwa muri sisitemu yamazi ashyushye hamwe nibikoresho byo gushyushya amazi bihujwe na gahunda nkiyi (bitabaye ibyo nyuma bifunze vuba hamwe nigipimo).
Ibikoresho bidahitamo
Ultraviolet. Ibi bikoresho byateguwe kugirango bitandure amazi ya virusi na bagiteri. Ultraviolet yicara hamwe nuburebure bwa 254 (umuraba muremure ultraviolet) wasohotse nitara rya mercure-quartz bitera impinduka kuri ADN na Quardiction yabo. Sterilizer yashyizwe hafi ya crane y'amazi kugirango yongere kwanduza amazi. Kugura binyuze muri sterilizer uv hasabwa amazi yatsinze isuku ibanziriza iyi. Niba akayunguruzo kateganijwe gakoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kuvura amazi, uv Kwanduza UV nibyiza cyane (kwibuka: bavumbanijwe ku nguni na bagiteri ziragwira). Igiciro cyibikoresho ni amadorari 300 hamwe na 1m3 / h imikorere.Ibisubizo bishya. Gukoresha umukozi ukomeye kandi icyarimwe, bukaba bwa sodium hypochlorite, bigufasha kuri okidate cyuma, kura hydrogen sulfide hamwe namazi meza. Technorvis Technorkhim-m LLC yateguye igihingwa gito cya electrocheches "kugirango ubone reagent nka electrolysis yumunyu wa electrolysis. Kwishyiriraho byashoboye kuvura kuva kuri 0.5 kugeza 10 byamadorari 650-1200. Cyane cyane hamwe nibirimo byashyizwe hejuru (birenga 5 mg / l) kandi mugihe ukorera muri couple hamwe na pariki ya entation. Mugihe kimwe, gukenera magartage kumikorere ya 10, hamwe na stone kuva ishingiye ku bidukikije.
Sisitemu ya membrane kumazi yo kunywa
Sisitemu yakiriye izina ryayo muri firime ya polymer ya polymer, ikora ku ihame ryo guhinduranya osmose kandi, nkinkuta za selile zibinyabuzima, zinyura mumasabutu (3-5 angstros) gusa amazi nigice gihuriza amazi molekile. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igihuha gihuje kiba inzitizi zidasubirwaho ibice byinshi bidasubirwaho mu mazi: mikorobe, virusi, imiti yica udukoko, inkoni, intunga ndende. Kubwibyo, kugirango utegure amazi yo kunywa, gukora isuku rya membrane birakwiriye kuko bidashoboka. Kugirango umwanda utandure intanga fumbrane, intangiriro y'amazi atemba hejuru yumuvuduko mwinshi, asunika ibyanduye byose mu kumurika.
Kugirango imyiteguro y'amazi yo kunywa ikoresha ibice bito-binini byimikorere mito (2-5 l / h). Umubare muto urashobora gufatwa nkifaranga ryo kwezwa amazi yo hejuru. Kugirango wirinde ibibazo bifitanye isano no kubura kimwe byamazi meza, sisitemu itangwa na tank yakozwe cyangwa yanduye cyangwa yanduye ya 10l. Iyo uzuza, sisitemu ihita izimya. Kwishyiriraho birangwa no koroshya no koroshya kwishyiriraho (munsi yigikoni).
Byuzuye (Bimwe-Byihuta) Hindura sisitemu ya Osmose yo Gutegura Amazi yo kunywa arimo:
- Isuku ibanziriza imashini (5mkm).
- Amakara.
- Akayunguruzo ko kurangiza isuku.
- Urubanza hamwe na Membrane.
- Ultraviolet sterilizer.
Sisitemu nkiyi mumasoko yacu iratangwa, cyane cyane iteraniro ryakorewe mu gihugu mubice bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibi, kurugero, P-5000 (Woonjin Torway), Osmo300 (OSmonics), HF-550 (HydDu muyunguruzi), "Urufunguzo Cjsc), atanga litiro 100 kuri 200. Igiciro cya sisitemu ni $ 400.
Ibigega bya Membrane muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi gushyirwaho umuvuduko wamazi, kugirango wirinde hydrodynamike yakubise mugihe cyo kwinjizamo ibice byamazi, kandi bigabanye umubare wimizingo yo gutangira na pompe. Hano hari icyombo gitandukanijwe nibyumba bibiri, muri kariya gaze munsi yigitutu ni gaze, naho ubundi ihujwe na sisitemu yo gutanga amazi. Iyo pompe ifunguye, igice cya tank, igenewe amazi, yiyongera mubunini, ikandagira gaze mugice gikurikira. Nyuma yo kuzimya pompe, gaze ifunitse isunika amazi nkuko ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi. Umubare w'ikigega cya membrane cyatoranijwe bitewe n'amazi yo gukoresha amazi, umuvuduko w'amazi utangwa mu mazi, imbaraga z'ibitabo zirisha mu muhanda, ndetse n'ibindi bipimo. Uburyo butandukanye bwibigega bya Membrane bitangwa ahantu ho kugenzura no gukora.
Ibibazo byo guhitamo
Kugura no gukora kuri sisitemu byikora bitanga ibibazo nyirubwite ari ingirakamaro kumenya mbere. Usibye ibibazo, nibyo nibisukura amazi, nyir'inzu akemura inshingano zo guhitamo umusaruro, kubera ko ibi biterwa cyane nigiciro cya sisitemu yose.Iyo umukiriya akurikije ibyavuye mu biro bikozwe hashingiwe ku makuru yatanzwe na we ku bigize umuryango ndetse n'umubare w'ibidukikije, bavuga ko ari ngombwa gushyiraho umusaruro, vuga, 2 ) M3 / H, yahise atangira gutongana. Nka, rero umubare wamazi ntashobora kumara umunsi wose kandi kwishyiriraho birakenewe hamwe numusaruro muto cyane. Impamvu yo kutumvikana nuko nyirubwite yerekeza ku kigereranyo cyo gukoresha amazi ya buri munsi, kandi inzobere.
Reka umuryango umarane kumunsi wa 1.5-2 gusa, ariko imara amasaha hafi abiri mugitondo, mugihe buriwese yagiye kukazi, nimugoroba, mugihe buriwese agarutse icyarimwe. Rero, umutwaro w'ipimbiko ni munini - ugera kuri 1m3 / h. Bizagena igipimo cyo gushukira (igihe cyo guhuza amazi hamwe na filteri). Niba umuvuduko wemewe urenze, amazi azareka gusukurwa, ni ukuvuga sprictm yoroheje n'umuyaga wumunyu mwinshi urugamba rukorwa. Inzobere irabireba.
Noneho tusobanura imikorere ikenewe ya sisitemu yumuryango wa bane. Noneho, mu gitondo abigizemo uruhare: gukaraba (60l / h), kwiyuhagira (80l / h), litiro (460l / h). Impinga yuzuye (ikinyabupfura) 800l / h. Amafaranga yose yakoreshejwe hepfo hamwe nibisanzwe byo gukoresha amazi 105l kumuntu kumunsi (uyumunsi aya mahame mubyukuri arenze inshuro 2-4). Biragaragara ko kumuryango wa bane hamwe namazi maremare y'amazi agera kuri 1m3 (10524) imikorere ya sisitemu igomba kuba 1.5-2m3 / h (8002). Nibyiza, niba ufashe bike? Nibyo, ntakintu nakimwe cyica. Gusa mumasaha yo hejuru azajya amazi meza. Ni iki cyarwanye?
Birashoboka kugabanya imikorere yo kwishyiriraho niba ushizeho ibikoresho bya chimulative kumazi meza. Nibyo, aya mahitamo afite ibisubizo byayo. Ntukifuze ikintu, ariko ugomba kugira isuku buri gihe. Kwishyiriraho nabyo bisaba kandi ishoramari ryinyongera: Ibiciro byubushobozi + bwibiciro kugirango ukomeze urwego rwamazi muri iki kibazo cyamamaye, kizakora igitutu gisabwa kumurongo (nyuma yubushobozi), + ikiguzi y'ijisho no gusara bisabwa kugirango bihuze. Birashobora rero guhinduka kuburyo aya mahitamo atazongera kubahendutse.
Imiterere yingenzi ya sisitemu yo kweza amazi irazunguruka-isaha yongeyeho ubushyuhe (icyumba kigomba gushyuha) no kuba hari umwanda. Kuvugurura sisitemu yubucuruzi hamwe nubushobozi bwa 1m3 / h, nka m3 2 y'amazi birimo sisitemu yo mu cyumweru - mu mibare ya sisitemu y'imikoreshereze yigenga, iyi mibare igomba kwitabwaho, kubera ko umubare wa septicism wazamuye umuvandimwe ku bwinshi bwo gutembera muri yo. Ibidukikije, ikibazo cyo guhuza imyanda yigenga hamwe na sisitemu yo kuvura amazi ifite impande nyinshi zityaye. Urugero: "Aho twavana imyanda yo kuvuka iyo dukoresheje Manganese? Uburyo bwo Gufata Amateka Mugihe Ushyira Ibisubizo Byimbitse? Byongeye kandi, hakenewe umuvuduko wamazi wamazi, kubera ko ari ngombwa "Guturika" amabuye y'agaciro, yuzuza muyungurura. Gukaraba neza umwanda. Yego, biracyakenewe ko tuzirikana igitutu muri buri muyunguruzo (ATM hafi 0.3-0.6 ATM hamwe na bosh na koshwashers bakora Ku gitutu byibuze kuri ATM 1-2. Noneho bivuga kuburyo ku bwinjiriro bwa sisitemu, igitutu ni ATM 3-5.
Rero, birakenewe gutoranya neza. Niba ari umunyantege nke, ugomba gushiraho kwiyongera kwa pompe (urugero, igice cya FOARA, igiciro cyamadorari 200-400, bitewe n'imikorere, cyangwa Calpeta, igiciro kiva $ 90). Kugira ngo pompe ihinduke hafi ishoboka, sisitemu byanze bikunze ikeneye muri tank ya membrane. Kurugero, kuva Wellemate, muri Amerika ($ 190) kugeza 1000L ($ 2450), cyangwa Reflex, Ubudage, 5l ($ 550). Ariko, kandi nta tank, birashoboka rwose gukora, niba ukoresha PundFos Pumps (MQ, SQE, nibindi) hamwe numubare wumubare wintangarugero numubare utagira imipaka. Kubwibyo uzakiza amafaranga n'aho, niba aribyo, burigihe kubura.
Sisitemu ya Cartridge
Gahunda yo kweza amazi yasobanuwe haruguru irakwiriye gusa iyo baba munzu buri gihe (cyangwa zihora zishyuha), - Ibikoresho byo gusukura ntibigomba gupfunyika mugihe cyitumba. Achto arakora niba utuye mu kazu "kugenda" kandi aho uhora ushyushya mugihe cyimbeba ndetse ntirushobora kuba?
Muri iki gihe, gahunda yo kuvura amazi igomba gukusanywa muyungurura ikarito hamwe na carridge zihumura, buri kimwe muri byo cyeza amazi muburyo runaka bwo kwanduza. Mu bicuruzwa by'ubu bwoko, mbere ya byose, muyungurura muri Amerika akayunguruzo muri Amerika (USA), Atoll, imvura), CJSC RusIlftr, CJSC "amazi mashya".
Ubwoko bubiri bwibibazo bya plastike ya 10duima (254mm) na 20/4Mmm) (508mm) bihujwe nimiyoboro imwe nibiri yakozwe. KATING ANDCLOLULE YATANZE ITANGAZO RY'IMOTO ya Carridges: Gusukura Mechanical (kugirango usukure amazi Amakara atandukanye (amakara ya DENAL, guhagarika karubone, urujya n'uruza, n'ibindi); Carridges, gutinza icyuma nibyuma biremereye, iminyururu na polyphosphates ... muri rusange, hari amakarito ibihe byose. Vaseline Amerika yashungura ifite "yihariye" - Carridges yo kwezwa amazi kubicuruzwa bya peteroli. Muri izi kigo gisanzwe (kwihaza "ibintu") hamwe na gahunda imwe (ariko muri mini-verisiyo) irateranijwe, isobanurwa haruguru. Umubare wintambwe nugusobanurwa nibisesengura byamazi yinkomoko. Kurangiza uruganda, sisitemu yo kwanduza (UV irradation) irashobora gukenerwa.
Ubundi buryo nibyiza kuko, nibiba ngombwa, urashobora kongeramo ibintu bishya mugihe bibaye ngombwa kugirango "bateri" yakiriwe mbere. Ibikoresho bya karikarizo biri ugereranije 20m3. Sisitemu Imikorere (Peak) - kugeza kuri 80 l / min. Igiciro cya buri cyiciro gikura ku giciro cya hull (kuva kuri 60 kuri "nto" kugeza kuri $ 85 kuri "binini") + ibiciro bya cartridge ($ 20-140).
Serivisi z'isoko
Isoko rya serivisi zo kuvura amazi isa (kurugero, muri Moscou) ni hafi. Hano hari ibigo 5-6 bikomeye hamwe na bito, umubare wabyo uhora uhinduka. Igiciro cya "Kera" ibiciro hejuru, ariko ubwoko bwo kudoda. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwashyizweho ni bu bu bu bu bu bundi ruganda runini rutwikiriye umurongo wose, ni ukuvuga, kwitegura gushyira ibikoresho byose, uhereye kuri karitsiye kuyungurura mu buryo bugoye, harimo na sisitemu ya Izo. Ahari byakagombye kumenya ko benshi muri aba bagurisha bahitamo ibikoresho byo kweza amazi y'Abanyamerika, bikabarwa n'ubwinshi bwa kashe muri Amerika no kwiga neza. Kubera ko ibicuruzwa biri muri ibi bigo biri hafi cyane, guhitamo byiyemeje cyane cyane kubyo ukunda hamwe nimpuhwe zabaguzi. Niba kwishyiriraho bizakorwa ninzobere zumugurisha, ikiguzi cyacyo kizaba hafi 15-20% yikiguzi cyibikoresho. Hariho na verisiyo ya submotement mugihe iyishyirwaho ikorwa numuryango uyobora mukazi ka cottage uyobowe na tekiniki yinzobere mu isosiyete igurisha. Ihitamo rishobora kubahendutse kuruta iyambere (kuri 5-7%), kandi birashoboka ...Mu bigo bito, intera isanzwe inguka, ariko ibiciro biri hasi. Biza kumpaka nziza kugirango usore ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kigoye.
Muri rusange, guhitamo sosiyete ntibyoroshye, kandi ugomba guhitamo ibyawe. Umuntu arashobora kukugira inama yo guhitamo isosiyete ibaho kumasoko byibuze imyaka ibiri. Muri kiriya gihe, yamaze kubona uburambe nkenewe n '"ejo" ku isoko, birashoboka cyane ko ntazashira.
Ibipimo bimwe birangaza
| Ibintu | Umuco ntarengwa, MG / DM3 | Ishuri rya Hazard | Ingaruka mbi zirenze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ninde | Usepa | Ec | Sanpin | |||
| Aluminium (al) | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0.5. | 2. | Ibikorwa bya neurotoxic |
| Barium (BA) | 0,7 | 2. | 0.1. | 0.1. | 2. | Leukemia |
| Icyuma (FE) | 0,3. | 0,3. | 0,2 | 0,3. | 3. | Indwara z'umwijima, amaraso, imitima, allergie |
| Cadmium (CD) | 0.003. | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.001. | 2. | Indwara y'ingoma, Bronchitis, Anemia, Oncology |
| Potasiyumu (k) | - | - | 12 | - | - | Hypertension |
| Calcium (ca) | - | - | 100 | - | - | Urolithisis, HyperTension |
| Magnesium (mg) | - | - | mirongo itanu | - | - | Sclerose, hypertension |
| Manganese (MN) | 0.5 (0,1) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.1. | 3. | Ibikorwa bya elebiototo |
| Umuringa (CU) | 2 (1) | 1-1.3 | 2. | imwe | 3. | Hepatite, Anemia |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.07 | - | - | 0.25. | 2. | Ingaruka ya Neurotoxic, Oncology, ibikomere byuruhu |
| Arsenic (as) | 0,01 | 0.05 | 0,01 | 0.05 | 2. | Ibibyimba bibi hamwe n'ibihe bibi, bigira ingaruka kuri sisitemu yo hagati |
| Sodium (na) | 200. | - | 200. | 200. | 2. | Hypertension, kwangirika kumutima, oncology |
| Nikel (ni) | 0.02. | - | 0.02. | 0.1. | 3. | Kwangiza umutima n'umwijima |
| Nitrate (No3) | mirongo itanu | 44. | mirongo itanu | 45. | 3. | Methemoglobinemia (SENNSTROME BABYANYE) |
| Nitritics (No2) | 3. | 3.3. | 0.5. | 3. | 2. | INGARUKA |
| Mercure | 0.001. | 0.002. | 0.001. | 0.0005 | imwe | Kurenga ku bikorwa by'impyiko, Sisitemu yo Gutegamire |
| Kuyobora (pb) | 0,01 | 0.015 | 0,01 | 0.03 | 2. | Bigira ingaruka kumitekerereze hagati, yimyororokere nimpyiko, itera hypertension |
| Selenium (Se) | 0,01 | 0.05 | 0,01 | 0,01 | 2. | Bigira ingaruka kuri sisitemu yo hagati, bitera kurakara bya mucous membrane na dermatitis |
| Sulfate (so42-) | 250. | 250. | 250. | 500. | Bane | Impiswi, indwara ya gallway |
| Fosiphorus (p) | - | - | - | 0.0001. | imwe | Indwara zo muri ADANE APPARATUS |
| Fluorides (f-) | 1.5 | 2-4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2. | Fluorose (kurimbuka kw'amenyo, skeleton) |
| Chloride (cl-) | 250. | 250. | 250. | 350. | Bane | Hypertension, indwara z'umutima |
| Chrome (cr3 +) | - | 0.1. | 0.05 | 0.5. | 3. | Umuco n'impyisi, bigira ingaruka ku ruhu na sisitemu yo gusuzugura |
| Cyanide (cn-) | 0.07 | 0,2 | 0.05 | 0.035 | 2. | Ibyangiritse kuri glande ya tiroyide hamwe na sisitemu yo hagati |
| Zinc (zn) | 3. | bitanu | bitanu | bitanu | 3. | Kurenga ku nyubako |
| Benz (a) pyrene | 0,7 | 0,2 | 0,01 | 0-5 | imwe | Kurimbuka kw'impyiko, umwijima, oncology |
| Surfactacts (surfactanty) | - | - | - | 500. | - | Ibikorwa bya mutagen |
| Imiti yica udukoko. | - | - | 0.5. | 400 (1,2-dichloro- Propane) | 2. | Bigira ingaruka kuri sisitemu yo hagati, sisitemu yubuhumekero, impyiko (ibikubiyemo rusange) numwijima, bishoboka kanseri |
Umuhanzi Ekoservice w'ibidukikije, Ekoservice yagize ati: "Mw'ibidukikije bya Ekoservan", "Ubucukuzi bw'Abalikisi muri Technax", "hagati yikoranabuhanga mu mazi". "Umutungo w'amazi w'igihugu", "Umutungo w'amazi w'igihugu", " gutegura ibikoresho.