Cov xim sib xyaw, cov rooj tog zaum zoo nkauj, cov khoom muaj tseeb ntawm cov ntoo muaj tseeb, cov ntoo zoo nkauj ntoo sau sab hauv ntawm ob lub tsev ntawm ob lub tsev nrog ib thaj tsam ntawm 110 m2
Cov xim ua tau zoo, txawj ua yeeb yam pictorial dabtsi yog, cov lace lace carving, uas tsis yog cov npe ntawm cov txuj ci tseem ceeb uas tau muaj nyob sab hauv ntawm lub tebchaws no. Nws tau pom nrog ib qho da dej dog dig.
Niaj hnub no nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev kawm hauv kev nplua nuj dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub cav ntoo uas tau dai rau ntawm cov ntawv Laconic nrog cov ntawv Laconic ntawm Finnish ntoo architecture. Tseeb, kev tsim kho, kev tsim kho hauv lub teb chaws, cov tswv tau pom ib lub tsev da dej me me, mus txog ob peb hnub, tuaj txog, rau hnub so. Nws tau kwv yees tias hauv kev tsim kho yuav tsum muaj ob teev cov ntoo nrog ob peb chav rau so. Txawm li cas los xij, sijhawm dhau sijhawm, cov phiaj xwm hloov, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum hloov lub tsev nyob nws tus kheej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, chav tsev da dej tau dhau los ua ib lub tebchaws tas nrho - nws tsis tuaj yeem tuav ib hnub so, tab sis kuj tseem mus nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev dua, thiab txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo.
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Hauv kev tsim ntawm cov facades ntawm lub tsev, tsob ntoo thiab ntxhib kho ntuj pob zeb, uas tau muab khi nrog cov pa hluav taws thiab qhov cub. Tshwj Xeeb Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Kev Siv Kev Tsim Kho Txuas Txuas Cov Instression Xov
Kev kov yeej Piva
Cov sau phau ntawv ntawm cov duab kos duab kos duab los ntawm qhov pib ntsib ntau ntawm cov teeb meem uas muaj nyob hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw. Ntawm lub xaib dhau mus sib sib zog nqus ditch, uas yog ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tawm ntawm lub tank fortuneholds tawm ntawm no txij li tsov rog. Nyob rau thaj chaw muaj tsuas yog ib cheeb tsam du ntawm 1010, haum rau kev tsim kho ntawm kev tsim kho. Tab sis tom qab tau pom zoo, cov tswv muaj lub siab xav nce lub tsev ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov av hauv av. Tom qab ntawd nws tau muaj txiaj ntsig rau txoj kab nqes hav ntawm RVA: Hloov chaw ntawm lub tsev tsim kho ntawm nws txoj kev npaj rau peb kom ua haujlwm thiab zam kev ua haujlwm hauv av.
Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev yog cov monolithic reawcced ua vaj tse phaj nrog cov tuab ntawm 400mm ntawm Gravel thiab xuab zeb hauv ncoo. Cov phab ntsa qhob ntawm hauv qab daus (lawv cov tuab - 400mm) tau insulated nrog polystyrene ua npuas ncauj (100 hli), nteg ib txheej ntawm cov av) ntawm cov av sib chwv. Cov pem teb sab saud ntawm lub tsev tau txhim tsa los ntawm lub cav sib npaug. Nyob rau hauv lub "ntub" mob ntawm da dej thiab chav chav tsev, cov txheej phab ntsa tau ua los ntawm ib tug monolithic reinforced rau muab high-zoo waterproofing no. Rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov pob zeb ua ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov khoom tshwj xeeb tau tsim, tso cai kom tsis txhob txias rau qhov chaw sib koom ua ke.
Los ntawm sab nraud, cov chaw ua vaj tse tau raug sim los ntawm cov pob zeb qus nrog kev txhob txwm ntxhib saum npoo. Lub firewalls tau kho nrog kev tiv thaiv impregnation ntawm Pinotex (Finland), vim yog tsob ntoo uas cov ntoo kub kub sov. Qhov sib tshooj dhau hauv qab daus yog nce los ntawm monolithic txhawb cov pob zeb ua, thiab dhau ntawm thawj pem teb uas lawv tau ntoo, nrog rau cov kab ntawm lub ru tsev. Rau rwb thaiv tsev, tom kawg tau xaiv los ntawm cov poov xab poov xab lim (Flyland) tuab ntawm 200 hli tuab ntawm 200mm tuab. Los ntawm sab ntawm sab hauv thaj chaw, cov rwb thaiv tsev tau tiv thaiv los ntawm txheej txheej ntawm zaj duab xis vaporizololation, thiab nyob rau ntawm ib feem ntawm lub ru tsev waterproofing membraneo.
Tooj liab Lemeh tau siv los ua cov khoom siv vov tsev. Lub xovtooj ntawm tes yog me me, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lub ru tsev ntawm ib qho kev yaawg, thiab cov khoom siv nyob ntev, ua haujlwm rau lub sijhawm ntawm oxidation hloov xim.
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Cov motifs nplua tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev pleev xim ntawm rooj tog, cov duab puab zoo nkauj, tsim kev sib xyaw ceramic, tsim kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab vaj ntxwv.
Taug kev los ntawm Russia ...
Ua tau, nrog tooj liab lem Huma, kev hloov kho zoo nkauj tau pib, uas cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog sab nraud, tab sis kuj yog sab nraud ntawm lub tsev. Cov tswv tau yug los lub tswv yim los teeb tsa lub tsev nyob hauv Lavxias. Thaum pib, ib qho yooj yim thiab Laconic log lub tsev tau pib hloov pauv ntawm nws lub qhov muag xub ntiag. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, carved lace tshwm sim ntawm cov facades, uas dai kom zoo nkauj lub lawj thiab qhov rai platBands. Azatat cuam tshuam rau sab hauv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv pab ntawm no. Strokesman ekaterina Lukasanova Hluas nkauj hauv tsev tau ntsib cov kev kawm ntawm cov duab puab ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov duab duab ntawm ceramics tau zoo siab heev uas lub tswv yim tau yug los kho qhovcub thiab hluav taws kub los ntawm tus sau cov vuas dai kom zoo nkauj. Qhov no tau ua raws los ntawm cov lus thov kom pleev xim rau cov phab ntsa ntawm chav pw, thiab cov rooj tog tshwj xeeb sib raug rau cov qauv txheej txheem tag nrho.
Qhov kev kawm ntawm kev tha xim tseem tau hloov sijhawm dhau sijhawm, tab sis tib lub sijhawm sib raug zoo sab hauv tag nrho ntawm tag nrho. Raws li twb tau hais tseg lawm, qhov pib tau yog Lavxias kev tswj hwm ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Hniav xim thiab Meej. Lub chaw tseem ceeb tau tshaj tawm cov tswv yim tawm tswv yim- dav dav, lub teeb xim tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog phab ntsa ntawm tus ntsuj plig ua ntej. Cov ntsiab lus tau nce mus rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyob rau ntawm thawj theem ntawm chav nyob, nws zoo li ib qho lus piv txwv ntawm Ivan Bilibin rau Fai Fairy. Lub rooj loj heev nyob rau txhais ceg raug, lub rooj ntev zaum-rudocks ntawm tus noog ntawm tus noog uas muaj qhov cub - ib tug tag nrho phab ntsa, hlua nrog cov duab pleev xim nrog daim duab Ntawm cov xim ci thiab lub vaj vaj txiv vaj vaj vaj vaj vaj vaj vaj vaj vaj vaj vaj vaj vaj ua vaj ua si, muab cov txiv ntoo tau tawg nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov phab ntsa hauv thaj chaw ua noj tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov nplais tib yam, thiab cov duab ntawm cov duab hauv siab tau ua kom zoo nkauj rau cov rooj tog.
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1-2. Makel, feem ntau ntawm cov uas yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo array, pleev xim acrylic cov xim
3-6. Rau kev tsim cov vuas luaj ceramed ceramic raws li lub hauv paus, npaj txhij-ua Rosbri Rosbri pobzeb tau coj. Ib daim duab kos tau thov cov xim tshwj xeeb, tom qab uas lawv hlawv hauv lub khob cub hluav taws.
... los ntawm Byzantium rau Venice
Thaum cov queue mus txog hauv chav tsev thib ob, tus tswv tau qhia qhov kev xav tau pom ntau cov qauv thiab ua kom zoo dua ntawm no. Yog li, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Byzantium yog keeb kwm, nrog mysteriously luag tsov ntxhuav thiab ib qho nyom kab ornamental. Cov Gallery Hallery tau nruab nrog lub chaw qhib, uas koj tuaj yeem xav tias kuv tus cwj pwm me me, thiab saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas cov neeg hais lus nrog carved Tsis khaws cia qub cov neeg siv tshuaj antique, thiab CDs khaws cia.
Pib lub npe ntawm cov chav nyob nyob rau ntawm chav tsev thib ob, tus tsim qauv txiav txim siab los hloov tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Venaissance Era. Rooj tog rau cov chaw no yog ua kom tau txiav txim, zoo li yuav luag tag nrho cov chaw hauv tsev. Piv txwv, cov tub ceev xwm tau tsim qauv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Venetian Palazzo nrog arched lub pastas thiab indispensable loggias. Rau txhua qhov kev kawm, muaj tseeb feem tau pom, ua tsaug rau uas cov rooj tog zaum tau zoo kawg nkaus haum nyob rau sab hauv ntawm chav. Rau cov txaj, daim foos yuav raug xaiv. Lub txaj hauv chav pw ntawm cov niam txiv yog kev ua tiav ntawm cov qauv qub ntawm Renaissance; Cov me nyuam txawv txawv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kev pleev xim zoo.
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Txhua qhov khoom hauv sab hauv yog ua haujlwm nrog kev mob nrawm dua, piv txwv li cov noog uas tau sib tw ntawm cov ntoo uas muaj sia, lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Venetian nobent taug kev los ntawm lub Palace Loggia.
Tshwj xeeb mloog nyob rau sab hauv chav pw attracts ua kev txawj ntse ntawm cov khoom kim ntawm cov xim npog ntawm plastered ntawm cov xim acrylic. Nws zoo nkaus li tias codbuts yog do Baldakhins tiag tiag los ntawm Velvet, Brocade thiab tus zoo tshaj plaws daim ntaub. Txig kom haum rau kev sib xyaw tag nrho thiab cov chaw ua kom sov uas nws cov facades yog cov ntawv sau nrog cov ntaub ntawv pleev hniav nrog kev pleev xim zoo nkauj. Qhov laj thawj ntawm tom kawg yog qhov tshwj xeeb: nws yog tsim rau hauv tus account qhov ntev ntawm cov ntsiab lus rauv thiab cov ntsiab lus hniav zoo nkauj tam sim no nyob rau hauv tas ntawm cov khoom sab hauv. Xws li kev sib sau ntawm cov phiaj xwm yuav cais txhua yam ntsiab lus, thiab ib tus tsis tuaj yeem muaj lwm yam ntxiv.
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm thawj theem
1. Cholel
Nplooj ntawv 2.kushnya
3.stolate-Chav Nyob
4.SANUS
5.Deshevaya
6.Qhova
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm chav tsev thib ob
1. Cap Txee
2. Cov niam txiv feuble
3.Baby
Cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem
Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub tsev (tsis muaj qab daus) - 110m2
Kev tsim
Tsev Ntaus: Log
Foundation: Monolithic Reinfpced Ua Vaj Tse phaj 400mm tuab ntawm gravel thiab xuab zeb hauv ncoo
Phab ntsa: Hauv qab daus, ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov pob zeb ua ntej thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo - ua npuas ncauj polystyroofing mastic, rolled cov khoom, sab nraud npog, blockhaus; Thawj thiab chav dej nyab nqaim (Arkhangelsk ntoo thuv)
Sib tshooj: saum av hauv av-monolithic txhawb cov pob zeb ua, dhau ntawm thawj chav tsev
Ru Loos: Cov Khoom Siv Stropyl Tsim, Cov Duab Sov Vapor- Cov Duab Sov Dej Khov Tsis Yog Lub Neej (200mm), Cov Khaub Ncaws Hnav - Tooj
Qhov rai: ntoo nrog ob-chav pamer
Lub Neej Tshuab Tshuab
Lub Zog Hluav Taws Xob: Cov Network Network
Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Chaw Nruab Nrab
Cua sov: ob vailable roj boilers (lub teb chaws yelemees), dej cua kub sov, dej pem tsev; Dej Haus Dej Kub - Ob Vaillant Roj Boilers
Tshuab ntxiv:
Sauna: qhov cub ntoo
Fireplaces: Hom dej khov, ntawm thawj chav tsev - tus kws sau lub qhov rooj (Qhov project ntawm Kira Ryabinina), hauv cov menyuam Cub-Bourgeois Godin (Fabkis)
Cov kev xam loj ntawm cov nqi ntawm lub tsev lub tsev zoo li xa
| Lub npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm | Tus naj npawb ntawm | Nqe, tshiav. | Nqi, tshiav. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foundation ua haujlwm | |||
| Siv lub axes, txheej, kev loj hlob thiab kev sib hais | 290 m3 | 780. | 226 200. |
| Xuab Zeb Hauv Ntaus, Rubble | 20 m3 | 260. | 5200. |
| Ntaus Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Foundation Ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob | 39 m3 | 4200. | 163 800. |
| Cov cuab yeej ntawm phab ntsa ntawm kev siv ua vaj tse sib txuas | 28 m3. | 4800. | 134 400. |
| Kev thaiv dej tawm thiab tom qab | 230 m2 | 440. | 101 200. |
| Lwm Yam Ua Haujlwm | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 27 500. |
| Tag nrho | 658 300. | ||
| Cov ntaub ntawv thov rau ntu | |||
| Yooj Yim | 67 M3 | 3900. | 261 300. |
| Crushed pob zeb granite, xuab zeb | 20 m3 | — | 24,000 |
| Hydrosteclozol, bitumuminous mastic | 230 m2 | — | 59 800. |
| Armature, Formwork Shrield thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 112 300. |
| Tag nrho | 457 400. | ||
| Phab ntsa, partitionions, sib tshooj, vov tsev | |||
| Txiav phab ntsa thiab partitions los ntawm cav | 40 m3 | 3700. | 148,000 |
| Ntaus Cov Ntaus Ntaus Cov Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Kev Pab Cuam Tshuam Ntawm Monolithic | 29 m3. | 3900. | 113 100. |
| Tsim kev sib tshooj nrog kev tso cov teeb | 150 M2 | 490. | 73 500 500 |
| Sib dhos lub ru tsev hais nrog cov khoom siv crate | 230 m2 | 560. | 128 800 800 800. |
| Kev rho tawm ntawm overlaps thiab txheej txheej rwb thaiv tsev | 530 M2. | 85. | 45 050. |
| Hydro thiab Vaporizoation Ntaus | 530 M2. | tsib caug | 26 500. |
| Txheej Hlau Txheej Txheem | 230 m2 | 1260. | 289 800. |
| Txee Terraces, Porch | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 93 200. |
| Eaves Cov Kab Mob, Svezov | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 37 300. |
| Sau cov qhib qhib los ntawm cov blocks qhov rai | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 42 100. |
| Lwm Yam Ua Haujlwm | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 38 600. |
| Tag nrho | 1 035 950. | ||
| Cov ntaub ntawv thov rau ntu | |||
| Cav tsim kho | 40 m3 | 5800. | 232,000 |
| Sawn ntoo | 19 m3 | 5200. | 98 800. |
| Interwome rwbooj, khoov duav, lub fasteners | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 8700. |
| Chav, cua thiab dej ua yeeb yaj kiab | 530 M2. | — | 16 960. |
| Cov Nkawv Quav Rwb Thaiv Tsev | 15 m3 | — | 36 100. |
| Tooj liab Lemeh, Dambory Ntsiab | 230 m2 | — | 552,000 |
| Ntoo qhov rai thaiv nrog iav | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 167 400. |
| Lwm Cov Ntaub Ntawv | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 47 200. |
| Tag nrho | 1 159 160. | ||
| Engineering Systems | |||
| Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cua sov pem teb | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 43 200. |
| Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Hluav Taws Xob | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 320,000 |
| Tag nrho | 363 200. | ||
| Cov ntaub ntawv thov rau ntu | |||
| Pem Teb Cua Sov (Cov Pauv Chav Khoom Siv, Yeeb Nkab, Yeeb Nkab, Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob) | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 61 800. |
| Roj boiler Vaillant. | 2 teeb. | — | 145,000 |
| Vajtswv | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 57,000 |
| Cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 598,000 |
| Tag nrho | 861 800. | ||
| XOV UA HAUJ LWM UA HAUJ LWM | |||
| Hnav Khaub Ncaws PARQuet Txheej Ntaus Ntawv | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 124 800. |
| Ntsib, ntoo, pleev xim, kos duab thiab lwm yam haujlwm | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 2 955 200. |
| Tag nrho | 3,080,000 | ||
| Cov ntaub ntawv thov rau ntu | |||
| Parquet Oak, Ceramic Pobzeb, Tej hub Pob, Qhov Rooj Cov Pob Zeb, Cov Staircase, Kev Hniav, Ipregnation, Sib tov qhuav thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv | chaw ua yeeb yam | — | 4,250,000 |
| Tag nrho | 4,250,000 | ||
| * - Cov kev suav tau ua rau cov nqi nruab nrab ntawm cov tuam txhab siv ntawm Moscow yam tsis tau noj rau hauv tus account cov coefficients |