Kusintha kokongola

Utoto wamakono wokongoletsera: Zitsulo, chitsulo, mwala ndi zojambula zina, maluso osiyanasiyana, njira yoyambirira isanakwane

Kodi mumakonda makoma ati a silika, ofewa, omwe amakonzedwa ndi chikopa kapena suede, ndipo mwina kuchokera ku trable, ziphuphu ndi golide? Zofanana (ndi zina) Zotsatira zowoneka zitha kupangidwa mothandizidwa ndi utoto wamakono wamakono, zida zapadera komanso zomwe akutenga mwaluso ndi njira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Tikkurladred pa utoto wokongoletsa monga mtundu wa mitsuko yamiyala popanda chiyembekezo. Makampani omwe akupereka izi nthawi zambiri amati amagulitsa ... zokongoletsera, pomwe utoto ndi chimodzi mwazomwezo. Pulogalamu yapakati imaphatikiza dothi, database, utoto, ndipo nthawi zina amapaka ma parates, mafayilo, ma varniss, mitundu yokongola. Inde, ndipo mtengo umadziwika kuti sunapezeke, koma kwa 1m2 ya zomalizira.

Ma injini osaka pa intaneti poyankha "zokongoletsera" zokongoletsera "perekani ma adilesi angapo okhala ndi mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane, zitsanzo za zojambula, zithunzi zaonera. Komabe, zimakhala zovuta kuti iwo awunikire. Njira yodziwira bwino ndibwino kuyamba ndi kuyendera mwachindunji, ndikupita, mwachitsanzo, kupita kumalo ogulitsira kapena malo abwino. Pa "msonkhano" woyamba, ambiri adzadodoma ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zotsatiridwa mu njira zosiyanasiyana, koma amatha kugawa china chosangalatsa kwambiri. Paulendo wachiwiri, zokutira limodzi kapena ziwiri zokopa nthawi zambiri zimakondwerera, ndipo kachitatu ndi kachitatu kokha kuti asankha komaliza.

Chithunzi 1. X-coc.

Chithunzi 2. X-coc.

Chithunzi 3. Kugawidwa kwa RM

Chithunzi 4. Malonda agolide

1. Cebozyle antico (Cebos) ndi mchenga wamchenga muli ma cell.

2. Kuzengereza mizere yoyipa - Chiswahili (Novacolor).

3. Kugawidwa mu kalembedwe ka Chifalansa ndi chala cha estompe (RM).

4. Silika wa Silk Damasco.

Bwino Chizindikiro

"Mayina" a zokongoletsera, monga lamulo, sonyezani kuti mawonekedwe ake omwe ali nawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "plaster priness", "zokongola", nthawi yomweyo timapereka chithunzi chokongola. Kuwona Kwatsopano kwa Zovala Zatsopano Zimachitika kuchokera ku mayanjano okhala ndi silika, miyala yamchenga, chikopa chonyansa .P. Zithunzizi zimawerengedwa m'maina awo kapena mayina awo kapena mayina a magulu awo, chifukwa pamitundu ya opanga palibe chophimba pansi pa silika, chitsulo, mwala.

Zinthu zokongoletsera zimaperekedwa pamsika wokhala ndi maulendo ngati "Asitikali" (Russia, Franezis, Franezila (Franeet), Ririttution) . Mtengo wa ma 1M2 okutidwa m'mitundu ya 300-1200.

Chithunzi 5. Parist.

Chithunzi 6. Parist.

Chithunzi 7. Parist.

Chithunzi 8. Parist.

5-6. Zojambula zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito burashi ya utoto ndi utoto (paror).

7-8. Utoto wapamwamba wa Marrakech (Parist Malotor) okhala ndi mchenga wamtsinje.

Madumu ndi velvet

Pa mtundu uliwonse wa zokongoletsera zokongoletsera pali ntchito zapamwamba. Chifukwa chake, makoma ogona amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikongoletsa ndi zokutira zomwe zimatengera nsalu. Chizindikiro chathunthu chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ndi silika wambiri kapena velvet, chimapangitsa utoto wa artlent (Parist). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tinaphatikizidwa, ndikusintha mu ngodya ya kugwa, kusefukira komanso kusamvana.

Sinthani makoma amakono mu nthawi zakale, womata ndi nsalu za silika ndi zingwe zasiliva, zithandiza kuti nthambiyo (novacolor). Masewera otchulidwa owala ndi mithunzi, zomverera modekha zimapatsa utoto wantico Daascian, makolo a onse a Silika zokutira. Matani ocheperako, mphamvu ya "utoto wa arabasi" (T.i.l.a.s.) amakondweretsa okonda omaliza.

Koma kusankha kwa konkriti komwe kulenga sikutha. Kupatula apo, silika "amatha kukhala anzeru kapena atte, yosalala kapena kuyenda, ngati mtsinje wamadzi, kutsanulira mayi wa ngale kapena golide. Mitundu yapadera komanso ma proes apadera azikhala ofunda kwambiri pakukhudza, komanso amaperekanso mphamvu zowonjezera ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kutsuka konyowa.

Chithunzi 9. Novacolor.

Chithunzi 10. Tikhirila

Chithunzi 11. Kutsatira Goldshell.

Chithunzi 12. Kutsatira Goldshell.

9. Utoto wa utoto wa Tuscania antica (Novacolor) ndi Patina.

10,Mide kuphatikiza mitundu yokongoletsera ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa panjira yomalizidwa.

11-12. Popanga mabwinja, mfiti imagwiranso zida zosiyanasiyana.

"Makoma Akale"

Kalembedwe "pansi pa nyenyezi", chikhalidwe cha midzi ya ku Europe ndi matauni, zikuwoneka zatsopano. Makoma a "okalamba" okhala ndi ming'alu, yotumphuka, mtundu wopanda ntchito ndi wotchuka kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, adasendana ndi laimu, yomwe idawoneka kudzera pa utoto, ndipo ma tambala oyera oyera oyera adawonekera pamwamba. Matte okongoletsera uniche terre firentine (Canis) amaliziranso mawonekedwe a makhoma antianique.

Zokongoletsera zachilendo kwambiri zokongoletsera za raquelee (parort zokongoletsera). Imatsatira zikwangwani za Vintage, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi opanga, mu mzimu wa zojambulajambula ndi Leonardo da Vinci. Chipindacho chimaphatikizapo zosunga ziwiri zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Utsi wachiwiri utatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndi "kuthyola", ndipo mtundu wa gawo loyamba kumawonekera m'ming'alu. Chifukwa chake, mutha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu. Ngakhale zokongola kwambiri zidzakhala ndi vernis (parotor yokongoletsa) yamithunzi yosiyanasiyana ndi ufa wokongoletsa la Purde (Parist ector).

Mawu otchulidwa achikale akale chifukwa cha njira yapadera ya laimu amapereka nyumba ndi zoyeserera (vather), zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mtunduwu, ndi a Kuphatikiza kwa matani angapo (onse okwanira ndi astel) okhala ndi zowoneka bwino ndipo kuwombera ndizosangalatsa ndi zochokera zawo.

Lingaliro la katswiri

Musanapange yankho lomaliza mukamasankha mitundu yokongoletsera ndi zokongoletsera, tikukulangizani kuti mugone (nthawi zambiri mu 7550 kapena 5037.5 masentimita). Choyamba, zitsanzo zimatha kutengedwa kunyumba, kuphatikiza makoma ndikuwona momwe angawonekere ngati kuwunika kwachilengedwe komanso kodabwitsa. Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa kuwala kwa lulogen ndi nyali za incandescent kuli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu pa mawonekedwe a utoto. Kachiwiri, adaponya MA MAYE kuti mukufuna kupereka makoma a makoma kudzakhala cheke chabwino chaukadaulo wake. Ngati zotsatira zosakhutiritsa, pali mwayi wonena za akatswiri ena, osataya nthawi ndikutanthauza kusintha kwa utoto wambiri. Chachitatu, pakugula, onetsetsani kuti mwapempha mafotokozedwe omwe chidziwitso chonsecho ndi dongosolo la ntchito likufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Garrayev, mutu wa Masters X-COCK

Dzanja lake - Vladyka

Makoma okongoletsa apadera samangoperekedwa kokha ndi thandizo la zowoneka ndi njira zokongoletsera za zokutira zokongola, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito. Kufunitsitsa kupeza china chachilendo kumapangitsa kuti atchule zinthu zapadera. Mbuyeyo, kutengera zofuna za kasitomala, amawalimbikitsa m'njira zingapo za zojambula: mawonekedwe ang'onoakulu ndi yaying'ono, yodulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zokongoletsera mu pulaniyi ndizothandiza kwambiri, zomwe zimasungidwa m'manja mwa ukonde zimatha kupanga chozizwitsa chenicheni. Kukuta kofananako nthawi zina kumawoneka kosiyana kwambiri kotero kuti munthu wosazindikira amaganiza ngati kuti ndi ubongo wosiyana. Komanso mubwezeretsenso kukongola kwa malo omwe awonongeka pazifukwa zilizonse, kungobwereza mthunzi, zida ndi zolemba za Ambuye, ayi.

Titha kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa ma 1m2 mkati mwa 350-800 rubles. Kuchulukitsa ndalama ndi chipinda chimodzi: denga lalikulu, cy cypineilinear limakhala .p. Mtengo umakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zosankhidwa ndi makulidwe a osanjikiza. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wokutira ku zinthu zomwezi, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi spatula (wandiweyani) kapena siponji ya nyanja, imatha kusiyanasiyana. Njirayi imasinthidwa, chida, zinthuzo limachepetsedwa kapena kuchuluka, ndipo mawonekedwewo amakhala osiyana.

Chithunzi 13. Golapaint	Chithunzi 14. Golapaint	Chithunzi 15. Golapaint	Chithunzi 16. Kutsatira Goldshell.
Chithunzi 17. "Demorum-Elite"	Chithunzi 18. "Asiti"	Chithunzi 19. "Asiti"	Chithunzi 20. Novacolor.

13-17. Zovala zosavuta pansi pa silika ndi velvet ngati kuti afunda makhoma ndi intaneti imodzi.

18-19. Ndikotheka kulimbikitsa zotsatira za mitambo yopepuka yokhala ndi tayala ya ngale kapena kusiya makhoma a matte.

20. Tuscania Antica (Novacolor) imapatsa makoma a msasa ndikupanga Aura wakale. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odzigudubuza kapena burashi mu zigawo chimodzi kapena ziwiri kutengera kukula kwa utoto womwe mukufuna.

Kusintha pamutuwu

Kulemba ndi kufotokozera zotsatira zonse zomwe zingatheke kwa utoto wokongoletsera, palibe masamba okwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, mukamapanga chinthu chimodzi, zinthu zingapo ndi njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri a Tikcurila amapereka kuti apange mpumulo pakhoma mothandizidwa ndi "Tunto". Wodzigudubuza wake amagawidwa ndi wosalala wonyezimira pamtunda, kenako amathandizidwa ndi spatula, burashi kapena wodzigudubuza wapadera, kupeza mawonekedwe oyambilira. Pamwamba pa "Tunto" mutha kuyika wosanjikiza wokongoletsera "thai". Zoyala zophatikizika zophatikiza ndi ngale ya Ngale imasiyanitsa. Ichi ndichitsanzo chomveka bwino cha kuyang'ana nkhope pakati pa zokongoletsera zokongoletsera. Okhazikika ang'onoang'ono a filler amatembenuza kapangidwe ka penti wamkulu-piya.

Chithunzi 21. Akzo Nobel	Chithunzi 22. "Demorum-Elite"	Chithunzi 23. Tikhirila
Chithunzi 24. Akzo Nobel	Chithunzi 25. Parist.	Chithunzi 26. Parist.

21.Munthu chikondi chachikulu ndi utoto wowala. Makoma ojambulidwa azipanga chikondwererochi m'chipindacho.

22-26. Ma Pravets amathandizira pakujambula komwe kumatha kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza. Ndikofunika kusankha mtundu wochokera kumbali kotero kuti ma toni enawo akugwirizana nawo.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zamagetsi zamafashoni zaposachedwa ndikukongoletsa makhoma pogwiritsa ntchito ma templates ndi zikwangwani. Zithunzi zopindika kapena zopindika zimatsitsimutsa chipindacho, ndipo njira yolenga idzakondweretsa kwambiri. Ndipo chifukwa ichi sikuti ndi zojambula zenizeni. Zolemba zimakhazikika pamwamba ndi nthiti ya utoto kapena guluu lapadera. Zida zolumikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka, thonje tampon kapena chinkhupule, ndikupeza chopondera. Pankhaniyi, chojambulachi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitala yokongoletsera. Zithunzi zachisangalalo zokwanira mkati mwa mkati mwake. Omwe amasamala za thanzi la mwana wawo ayenera kulabadira zipinda za ana (tsamba dulux, Akzo Nobel, Netherlands). Utoto wa acrylic uwu umakhala ndi ma aion a siliva omwe ali ndi bactericidal zotsatira. Kupeza kotsiriza si masewera okhwima a ana, kumakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kuti asakumane ndi mipando, manja, zoseweretsa, osawopa kuwombera mpira wina wamasewera. Kuipitsidwa kulikonse (mafuta, chakudya, utoto wa madzi atercolor) ndizosavuta kuchotsa chopukutira ndi chotchinga kapena burashi.

Chithunzi 27. Tikhirila

Chithunzi 28. Tikhirila

Chithunzi 29. X-coc.

Chithunzi 30. Cebos.

27-28. Kuyandikira utoto, pangani mawonekedwe amodzi okha, komanso zithunzi zonse.

29. Njira yosiyidwa ya template imafanana ndi zokongoletsera papepala.

30. Rebrocrea Refere (Cebos) yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odzigudubuza apadera akulira kapangidwe ka mtengowo.

Milcitolor, kapena gulu, zotupa zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosavuta kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza. Conttitti yokutira (Parist yokongoletsa) ndiye makapisozi amtundu womwewo, "kuyandama" mkati mwa utoto wa utoto wina; Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, zinthu izi sizimasakanizidwa. Mapangidwe a mafuko omwewo amapanga mtundu wa Mosec lacquer (Tikkurila) chifukwa chowonjezera mapikidwe a ma pulasitiki 100 mmenemo.

Lingaliro la katswiri

Mukamasankha zokongoletsera, ndikofunika kufunsa ogula a omalizidwa: kuchuluka kwa kuvala kukana ndi kukana kutsuka. Mwachitsanzo, utoto "wosachita" ("anda"), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi mitambo ya mpweya kapena nkhungu, imapangidwa pamadzi, palibe fungo lamadzi, palibe fungo. Chosanjikiza chokongola chimadziwika ndi mphamvu yayikulu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri imapezeka kuti ana apangidwe a ana. Maonekedwe opaka popanda mavuto amatenga "magetsi" mapendekedwe, ndi mapensulo, zolembera, zolembera ndizosavuta kuchotsa ndi chopukutira cholumikizidwa mu sopo. Zojambula zokongoletsera zambiri zimakhala ndi zadzidzidzi (kutayikira, bays), koma pokhapokha makhomawo adakonzedwa moyenera pansi pa utoto: Wopakidwa komanso wopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Ndi kuwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali ndi madzi, madzi amatupa wosanjikiza kapena pulasitala pansi pa utoto, ndipo madontho amatha kuwonekera pamwamba.

Roman Shashkov, Disety Rectort of Goldshel

Logo lotuluka

Ndani adapereka mapangidwe a makoma? Ili ndi funso lovuta, makamaka ngati kasitomala akudziwa zokongoletsera zomwe zingakwaniritsidwe. Anaona zitsanzozo, kutembenuzidwa ndipo, motero, zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zizichitika. Pali zosankha zingapo. Choyamba, kukwaniritsa zojambula zanu, ndi ntchito yaying'ono. . Kachiwiri, m'malo mwa maphunziro awo, mutha kutumiza mbuye wanu kapena kuyitanitsa maphunziro a mamembala a gulu lomalizira. Zizindikiro za anthu omwewo akuchita luso lothana ndi banjali, sizokayikitsa kuti apange mwaluso. Chifukwa chake, iwo amene amayamikira nthawi yawo ndipo akufuna kuti apeze zotsatira zotsimikizika, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi akatswiri a akatswiri okha. Alimbikitseni kwa malo opangira, atha kupereka ntchito za wopanga nthawi zonse. Adzapanga makonzedwe a ma ruble 5-10,000. Kutengera zovuta za ntchitoyi.

Chithunzi 31. "Demorum-Elite"

Chithunzi 32. "Demorum-Elite"

Chithunzi 33. "Demorum-Elite"

Chithunzi 34. X-coc.

31-33. Krasnas Valpan imapanga zotsatira za Denim, zokutira "chameleon" wokhala ndi ngale ya ngale, silika wokhala ndi maluwa.

34. Kupanga koyambirira kwa khungu la ng'ona ndikosangalatsa kukhudza.

Wopanga amadziwana ndi chinthucho, amatenga mitundu ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa chipinda chilichonse chodekha. Pambuyo kuvomerezedwa ndi polojekitiyi, amangoyesedwa ndi Master -liza. Makasitomala amatha kubweretsa ku malo opangira chikonzero chokha chikonzero cha nyumbayo, pomwe makhoma a makhoma amawonetsedwa (mawindo ndi zitseko), denga la Mawu, zomwe zikuyenera kukhala ndi penti. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kunena za kalembedwe ka kapangidwe ka nyumbayo, za zida zomwe zikugwirizana. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupanga zokhumba kuti wopanga amvetse zomwe mukufuna. Pakatikati, ena amapereka, chifukwa cha luso lapamwamba. Kutengera chidziwitso cha mawonekedwe a utoto, katswiri wa ntchito, ndipo nthawi zina amachita ngati wamisala, amapereka njira yosavuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa cholingacho.

Chithunzi 35. "Asiti"

Chithunzi 36. "Asiti"

Chithunzi 37. Canisis

Chithunzi 38. "France Worser"

Chithunzi 39.

Pariitet decor 35-36. Krasnaya "Nebiya" ("ASLI") yokhala ndi zoyera ndi utoto zoyera komanso zokongola.

37.Nenew of Atf Orgenti (Candis) ndi golide kapena siliva kusefukirana ndi mitundu imodzi kapena zingapo.

38. ROCOCO (Valpain) pansi pa chilengedwe chilengedwe osati makoma okha, komanso ziwalo zamkati: ma eafu, michere.

39. Tsekani kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wogwiritsa ntchito madzi marrakech (parritt zokongoletsera) ndi lalikulu kwambiri: makhitchini, mabafa, Hally It.p.

Kukonzekera kwa maziko

Kufuna kukongoletsa kwachilendo kwa makhoma, munthu sayenera kuyiwala pa ntchito yokonzekera. Zofunikira pakukonzekera zoyambirira za mabatani musanayambe ku Snip3.04.01-87 "kulowa ndikumaliza ndikumaliza kundipatsa. Adzakhala ngati malo odalirika ngati mukufuna kuyang'ana kulondola ndi mtundu wa omwe adachitidwa. Awo amagona motere: Maonekedwe amayeretsedwa bwino kuchokera ku dothi, fumbi, zokutira zakale zokongoletsera (ma pickpaper, owonongeka ngati pakufunika. Zosadabwitsa kwambiri, ming'alu imagwirizana ndi pulasitala, pomaliza kugwiritsira ntchito purty. Kusinthanitsa pamwamba kuli fumbi komanso mosamala.

Bisani zolakwa

Mu zipinda zathu zambiri, makoma ndi ngodya sizoyenera. Zojambula zokongoletsera zimatha kubisa zoperewera kapena, m'malo mwake, zimapangitsa kuti ziwonekere. Mwachitsanzo, zojambulazo (zolembedwa) zojambulazo zimabisa zofooka zazing'ono. Pofuna kukonzekera pamwamba, nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo okwanira a pulasitala kapena maziko. Pansi pa zofukizira zosalala, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza maziko. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito zomaliza, makamaka ngati zikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zofunda zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utoto ukhale wowala bwino, zokhutitsidwa, wamphamvu. Koma pankhaniyi zophophonya zoyambirira za Maphunziro oyambilira zimawonekera. Pamakoma ndi ma ceilings ovala matte penti, kuunikako kumasungunuka pang'ono, kubisala pang'ono za gawo lapansi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufunsa akatswiri, kumene utoto ndibwino kusankha.

Kukhala ndi mapulani oganiza ndi omwe adaganizira kale, kudziwa kuti ndi njira iti, njira yomwe idzaikidwa pamakoma, wopanga katswiri akatswiri amathandizira kusintha ntchito yokonzekera. Pansi pa mapangidwe ena, mawonekedwe ake ndi okwanira kungopereka pulasitala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zitha kupulumutsidwa pazovala ndikusiya njira zosafunikira. Pansi pa inayo, kuphatikiza pa pulasitala, muyenera kumaliza matenthedwe abwino. Nthawi zina muyenera kuganizira zinthu ngati zaka zaukadaulo komanso komweko. Mwachitsanzo, makoma a nyumbayo, omwe amaimirira pafupi ndi njira za tramim, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma propsters osakhalitsa, zimalekanitsidwa ndi zotanulira zotanuka komanso zotanuka. Izi zimapangitsa kuchepetsa mwayi wa ming'alu ndi kuwonongeka kwa zojambula bwino.

Phwando lokongoletsa utoto

(kuchokera ku Tikkurila)

koma	B.	mu	G.
D.	Khoma limodzi lokhala ndi zopaka tsitsi lina likuyika burashi, chinkhupule kapena nsalu (A, B). Njira yosangalatsa pamwamba pa makoma imatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ogudubuza apadera (b) komanso ndikukakamizidwa ndi chipongwe (D). Zovala zojambulidwa ndi chithandizo chothandizira kumabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira yopumira (d) - phwando loterolo lotere limafotokoza zolakwika zapansi.

Pamtunda wokonzekera utoto wina umakhudzanso dothi kapena gawo la zokutira zokongoletsera. Zochita zonse pambuyo pake zimapangidwa molondola malinga ndi malangizo omwe amaperekedwa muzolemba zaukadaulo kuti utope. Kusunga mosamalitsa kusokonekera kwa ukadaulo pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito maziko a maziko ndi zigawo zokongoletsera.

Samalani ndi nthawi yotchedwa nthawi yokwanira. Kwa nthawi yodziwika, imapeza mphamvu yofunikira, umbanda wamadzi umasiya kuyankha chinyezi. Nthawi yomweyo ndi munthu pa utoto aliyense ndipo amatha kuyambira 4 mpaka 25-30 masiku. Nthawi ino, yokhala ndi makoma, muyenera kusamala bwino.

Bolo la Eyanzi la Orzo Nobel, X-Chrocsal, "Ecorfal-Convedite", "kapangidwe ka Intercraska", "France Excor" kuti athandizidwe pokonzekera zinthu.