I-Terrace, intsimi yezemidlalo, iRosary - yonke le nto inokuba kuphahla olusebenzayo. Eyona nto iphambili kukukhetha i-insumpacling wist kunye nezinye izinto zepayi yophahla, enokuthelekiswa nobume besakhiwo.
Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
I-ruters yoxinzelelo lwe-ruf i-rub i-Doptia (Rocwool), ubude 1000 ukuya ku-400 mm, ububanzi i-600-12 mm, ubukhulu be-60-200 mm (4928 mm (4928 mm (4928 mm). Ifoto: I-Rockwool.
Ekuqaleni, siya kuyichazela imigaqo. Kwithambeka lophahla lahluleke laba lelika kwaye lifihlakeleyo. Ukupheliswa kwamanzi, ukongeza kwizinto zophahla, kunika ukuhamba kwendalo kwamanzi kwithambeka. Ukuqina kophahla oluthile aluxhomekeki kwi-angle yethambeka, esi sisiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa kunye nezisombululo zobugcisa.
Igadi yophahla liphupha eliphezulu, kwaye indawo yeqela leti kunye nosapho okanye izihlobo zibekwe uqikelelo olunokuqikelelwa kakhulu. Ukongeza, izityalo eziluhlaza ziya kuziva zininzi kwiibhedi zentyatyambo ezikude. Kwaye kutheni ungacwangcisi igadi yasebusika embindini wesakhiwo? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, uphahla oluthile lukhulisa imbonakalo yezisombululo zokucwangciswa. Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Ukufakelwa kophahla lophahla lwe-Istop Ol-P, iipleyiti 1190 × 13 mm, (4800 ihlathi. / M³). / M³). Ifoto: "Saint-Goben"
Emva koko, uphahla olucekeceke lwahlulwe lwahlulwahlulwanga kwaye lusebenza. Ukungazinzi kwenza kuphela imisebenzi ephambili yophahla, kwaye abantu bavela kuphela kwinkonzo yexesha elifanelekileyo. Uyilo lwe-on oxhaphaza lwenza ukuba likwazi ukusebenzisa le ndawo njengendawo yolonwabo, ibala lokudlala, njl. Ubukho ophantsi kophahla olunjalo lubukho bamanzi. Ingaphantsi kweeplanga ezolileyo, iithayile ze-ceramic kunye nomhlaba kunye nengca okanye izityalo ezityelwe, kutheni lolona hlobo lophahla olusebenzayo luhlala lubhekiselwa njengokuba lulo. Kwaye ngendlela, uphahla oluqhelekileyo luvula ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwakhiwa kwendlu (kubonelelwe yiprojekthi), xa ixesha elifanelekileyo lezemali lingalinda uphahla lwexeshana.
Ngaba uphahla lwemveli okanye lobutshaba?
Isiseko sophahla olusicaba ligqunywe ukusuka kwi-monolithic okanye i-sunce upripte, i-Steell I-STEELS, njl.
Uyilo, uphahla olucekeceke lwahlulwe lwaza ngokwesiko kwaye lusingabi. Kwimeko yokuqala, umaleko we-vapor rierser uqhinyithiwe, bubushushu beepleyiti, kwaye ukusuka phezulu-ukusuka phezulu-ungqimba lwamanzi, oko kukuthi, uphahla oluhle kakhulu.
Izinto ze-Saner Drainage -Nerfronts. Zifakwe kumacandelo asezantsi asezantsi. Abamkeli bamanzi besenzo sombane basebenza ngokufanelekileyo xa betshintshana kunye ne-therts. Ifoto: I-Rockwool.
Uphahla lwezinto eziguqukayo zahlukile kumyalelo wesintu lwezinto ezakhayo. Apha, ukufakelwa, ukunganyangeki kwimpembelelo eqhubekayo yamanzi, ibekwe ngaphezulu kwendawo yokugcina amanzi, kwaye okulandelayo kulwakhiwo oluxhasayo. Kule meko, umaleko wamanzi ukhuselwe ngokuthembekileyo kumogaqo noomatshini kwaye ikummandla wobushushu obufanelekileyo, ochaphazela ukusebenza kwalo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, imijikelezo yokukhupha intshabalalo iyonakalisa phantse nayiphi na impahla. Uphahla loPorstasion lukhethekile ukuba luze ngokwesiko ngokwemigaqo yokuqina. Kuyo, eyona nto iphambili yesakhiwo esifakiweyo -Ukukhula kwamanzi-kuyakhuselwa ngokuthembekileyo kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle. Nasendleleni, ilula kakhulu ukuba iguqule eluphahleni kwindawo ephathwayo, kwanele ukulala i-insumpage kunye ne-slobs ye-sandbrevia, kwaye ngaphezulu kwayo ilele i-slabs.
Ukuqiniswa kweepleyiti zekhonkrithi kuya kusebenza njengesiseko esinokuthenjwa sepies yophahla, kubandakanya umaleko oPhezulu weZilayidi okanye umhlaba ochumileyo.
Ixabiso le-1 m² lekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi okanye isiseko sentsimbi yophahla, oluphatha ubuchule bokugcina ubunzima bekhephu, amaxesha ama-2 ngaphezulu kwexabiso loyilo lomthi. Ifoto: "I-Ecostroy"
Uphahla lwendlu yelizwe
| Izibonelelo | ukungancedi |
|---|---|
| Ngenxa yendawo esezantsi yophahla, izixhobo ezincinci ziyafuneka kunokuba kulungelelwaniso loyilo lwendawo. | Uphahla olusebenzayo olusebenzayo, ludala umthwalo obalulekileyo ngokugqobhoza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwisiseko, ukubonelela ngenqanaba loyilo leNdlu. |
| Ukufakwa kwepayi yokuphehla kophahla kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kuthatha ixesha elincinci kunelo phahla lwenziweyo. | Ukubalwa kokugqobhoza, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubunzima bomthwalo wekhephu, oya kufuna uyilo olongezelelekileyo kwaye unyusa ixabiso layo. |
| Ukulondolozwa okuphezulu kophahla. | Umbutho wenkqubo yangaphandle okanye yenkqubo yokuqhutywa kwempahla yangaphakathi iyafuneka, ulawule rhoqo kuba uza kulumkisa ukomelela kunye nokukhulula kubushushu obungalunganga. |
| Ukubakho kwenkonzo. | Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuphumla zeqela lemveli. |
| Ebusika, umnqwazi wekhephu udlala indima yongezwa okungaqhelekanga. | Itsheki rhoqo yokuqina kwe pie yophahla ukunqanda ukuvuza kuyafuneka. |
| Inketho kunye nophahla oluxhaphazayo lunika indawo efanelekileyo yendawo eyahlukeneyo. |
Ukubhukuqwa kwamanzi kuphahla lweflethi
Akukho mfihlakalo yokuba amandla okuba namanzi kuchaphazela kakubi ukuqina kophahla lweflethi kwaye kunokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokuthe ngcembe kuyilo. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi wamanzi okhokela ovela eluphahleni ubaluleke kakhulu. Kuyanceda ukusombulula umkhethe omncinci ngenkcitho yeendlela ezakhayo okanye iinkqubo zokuvuma. Umzekelo, eluphahleni kunye nesiseko seprofayili, umthambeka, njengommiselo, useta izakhiwo, kwaye zenziwe kwi-Clattete Clovel Gravel, njl. Njl. Nawuphi na umntu, ithambeka okanye i-angle yophahla lophahla lweluphahla luye kwi-SP 17.13330.20.20 ubuncinci, kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-1.5%. Oku kuyimfuneko kwi-rab engafunekiyo yamanzi ukukhulula i-finnels, efakwe ngokulinganayo kweyona ndawo iphantsi yophahla.Uphahla lokudibana kwephepha lensimbi
I-1 - iphethe umgangatho wentsimbi; I-2-Vapor Interfar; I-3-I-Speed Heether Plates Rusts n eyongezelelweyo / i-Optima (Rocwool); I-4 -inghefayili yokufakelwa kwi-plates rus i-ruf i-ost / i-Optima (Rocwool); I-5 -Umnxibelelanisi we-feling the thermal the therser kwisiseko; I-6 -Umsebenzi womatshini wokugqobhoza i-membrane yokufaka amanzi; I-RockMbrane evela kwi-PVC. Ifoto: I-Rockwool.
Yintoni onokuyifudusela uphahla
Ipleyiti i-XPS Tenknon Carbon UProf, ubungakanani 1180 × 580 × 30-100 mm (ukusuka kwi-rubles / m²). Ifoto: Tehtonol
Njengokufakwa kwe-thermal kuphahla lohlobo lwemveli kulwakhiwo lwamatye, i-fiberglass (enamandla e-10%), i-itpressive ye-10% ye-PALYSTRE) isetyenzisiwe. Babekwa kwindawo enye okanye ngaphezulu, ukugubungela iipleyiti ze-facter ephezulu yezilayidi, ukuthintela ukubonakala kweebhulorho ezibandayo. Kwisiseko, i-insulting ye-thermal inyibilikisiwe okanye ilungiswe ngendlela yoomatshini. Ukufunyanwa kokufakwa kophahla olusebenzayo, ukuxinana kwayo kunye nokucinezelwa kubalulekile. La maxabiso abalwa, ngokusekwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kodwa okokuqala-ukusuka kubunzima obufakwe ngaphezulu kwe-sub yokufakelwa kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo. Kwimarike yethu kukho izinto ezininzi ezinomdla ezinomdla kwi-insholm yokufundela.
I-Anti-COOFF FLEM YOKUGQIBELA IFOM YOKUGQIBELA (Dörnen) ukusuka ePolyethylene ukuba ikhusele ungqimba lwamanzi eluphahleni olunendawo ebanzi. Ifoto: Dörnen.
Inzondo ebanzi kwaye inamandla ophahla
Ipleyiti i-Irsa XPS N-III, ubungakanani be-1250 × 600 × × 40-100 mm (ukusuka kwi-ruble ye-190). Ifoto: I-Irssa.
Ukuze izityalo zibanzi, izityalo zisebenzisa kakuhle iimeko zophahla kwaye azidingi ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo, njengokugcina izinto, ii-riserges, iinkozo, iinkolelo. Igadi enkulu ibandakanya iintlobo ezithile zezityalo ezikhutshiwe, zifuna ukhathalelo oluqhubekayo: Ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokondla. Inokuba yi-perennials, izihlahla, izityalo ze-lawn kunye nemithi. Ngohlobo oluxubeneyo kwiindawo ezinobunkunkqele obukhulu, izihlahla okanye imithi ityalwe ngemimandla eyahlukeneyo.
Ifoto: "Bruns Park"
Inkqubo yophahla olusebenzayo kunye nokukhutshwa komhlaba okhuselayo komhlaba onesityalo esiluhlaza se-TN-Compare Green Pir
I-1-umhlaba onesityalo esiluhlaza; I-2-I-Geater ye-membrane i-membrane; I-3-Logicroof v-gr polymer membrane; I-4-I-CREURE-TOUTION CREATICY PIR SOPM / SKM; I-5-i-chesti ye-pir-pir f / f; I-6 -uledroof bipof bipol epp; I-7-Primemer Bimeminous I-Tegomimokol Nombolo 1; Isiseko sekhonkrithi esiyi-8. Ifoto: Tehtonol
Iipleyiti zoxinzelelo eziphindwe kabini
Iipleyiti ze-PIR ziveliswa ziibhafu ze-cashio kumacala omabini ngamacala omabini nge-foil, iKrisimesi yeglasi, kunye neziphelo ezigudileyo okanye ezigudileyo. Ifoto: Tehtonol
Imithwalo enkulu esasaziweyo evela ngexesha lokufakwa kunye nokusebenza kophahla lweflethi, iphumelele i-pites yophahla elihamba-hlula i-terton ye-rub ruf i-rub ye-rub i-Door eyongezelelweyo / i-Optima / i-Optimac (Rockwool). Banesakhiwo esidityanisiweyo secala eliphezulu (ngaphandle) lobuninzi be-205 kg / m³ kunye nezantsi (ngaphakathi) buxinene kwi-120 kg / m³.
Ngokwahlukileyo kwisisombululo semveli semveli esibini, ngoncedo lweplate yoxineneyo yobunzima obufanayo kwiimeko ezininzi, kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa ukunganyangeki okuphezulu kwe-subrm, kunye nokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokufaka isixa sezintshulube ngamaxesha ama-2. Ixabiso lokupakisha i-ruf i-rub / i-Optima ngePlayithi ye-1000 × 600 mm, ubukhulu be-60-200 i-rubs isuka kwi-ruble i-4940 ukuya kwi-rab.
Ukungaphakathi kwamanzi aphakathi kophahla olucekeceke aluchaphazelekanga kwiimpembelelo ze-quospic, kunqinile kwaye kuthengiswe kunelo. Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
I-bias engenanto
Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yophahla olusesihlahlayo lunxulunyaniswa nokwaphula umthetho okanye isixhobo esingachanekanga samathambeka kunye ne-quanders, kwaye ubeke i-puddle kumphezulu wayo. Njengokuziqhelanisa nemidlalo, ukukhetha impumelelo kophahla-ubuncinci kwi-1.5% kunye ne-on of rulolon-ukusuka kwi-3%. I-insuliment iditpees (i-cerammbite, i-perlite) okanye i-Ing Dingrete Poim (i-polystyrene gellstone, i-ceramzobetone, idla ngokusetyenziswa. Enye indlela kukusetyenziswa kweepleyiti ze-rigid ze-polystrene foam (xps) nge-teoknaonol yekhabhoni. Le yiseti yeepleyiti ezinamathambeka e-1.7% (ipleyiti i-A kunye ne-B), i-B), i-k) kunye ne-8,3% (iplate i), i-70 ne-80 mm. Baza kunceda ukusombulula ingxaki yemimandla yokuxinana kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo kwisiseko ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwezinto. Kwaye ngaphandle koko, hlukanisa iinkqubo zemanzi ngexesha lomsebenzi kwisixhobo samathambeka, ukunciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi kunye nexesha lokufaka uphahla. Ixabiso lokupakisha i-XP yeTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji yeCobhon UProphol, i-1.7% yethambeka (isitovu a), ubukhulu be-1200 × 600 × 15 mm - 1570.
Endaweni yokukhuthaza i-stred, iiplate ezifakelweyo zobushushu ezinokusetyenziswa, ekulula ukwenza ithontsi lophahla lokuhamba kwamanzi.
I-Ball ye-Ballast Gravel, ifakwe kwi-membrane ye-subrane, kulusu-jikelele lunokusebenza njengophahla olungelulo olungagungqiyo lweNdlu. Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Ipleyiti iPir.
Uphahla oluthile, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, luya kukhulisa ubunzima obumi kuyo kunye nemithwalo ye-Perstice kwaye iya kusebenza inkampani ye-PIR, ukuba ivelise inkampani yeTempe, evelisa i-izobunt, proshar Ikhola. Le yeyona nto iphambili kwisizukulwana esitsha esekwe kwiPolyemioIsiarat (enye yeentlobo ze-upolyurethane). Akazange avele kwimakethi yaseRussia kwakudala, ngoko kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba iipleyiti ze-pir zinengxaki yokufakelwa okuphantsi kwale mihla: λ = 0.023 w / (M • k). Ngelixa iipleyiti ze-polystyrene ekhutshiweyo λ = 0.031-.033 w / (M • k), kwaye kwi-0.034 W / (M.0.046 w). Ulwakhiwo lweeseli ezivaliweyo Iiseli ezivaliweyo zerhasi yokuqhubela ephantsi (ukusuka kwi-0.016 ukuya kwi-0.022 w / (M. k), (M • k). Isakhiwo esinjalo Inika ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye neempawu ezifanelekileyo zokufakwa, ukuqinisekisa ubuninzi bokukhusela ubushushu obukhulu kunye nobubanzi obuncinci bokufakelwa.Amandla aphezulu okwenza iipleyiti ze-PER PRORT zivumela ukuba bazisebenzise kwiinkqubo zophahla olusebenzayo, apho zibonisa khona ukumelana okufunekayo. Ixabiso le-1 m² le-pir-Plates F / FRUTS 2385 × 1185 mm kunye nobungqiwa obuyi-40 mm-ukusuka kwi-ruble engama-405 kwi-rubles, ephakathi kwezona zinye iimveliso zokufakelwa kwemveliso.
I-PIR yenye yezona zinto zifakiweyo ze-ecof. Ineempawu ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwendlu yabucala ngophahla oluthile. Okokuqala, ukuqhubela kwengqondo kwe-purrmal ye-PIR ivumela ukunciphisa inani lezinto zokufakwa kunye nobunzima obupheleleyo bophahla. Okwesibini, ubomi benkonzo ye-heater ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Ayoyiki umswakama, iqine, ayikhutshwa, engeyobaluleke kakhulu kwinqanaba lokucwangciswa nokusebenza kophahla, kubandakanya ixhotywe phantsi kwendawo eluhlaza yokuhlala. Eyona nto iphambili xa ufaka iipleyiti zokufakelwa kukuziqhelanisa ngononophelo omnye komnye, ungavumeli izithuba, ubukho obufunyanwa bulahlekile ubushushu, ukukhulula kunye nokuqulunqwa kwe-complempahlo. HLALA UKHUSELEKILEYO: IPIR RIGID PLACID EMVA KOKUGQIBELA KWESIQINISEKISO SESIKOLO, kwaye oku, kunjalo, kunciphisa imbono yobunyani emsebenzini okwenziwayo. Ke ngoko, ukufuzathisela kufuneka kubekwe kuphela kumphezulu ohambelana.
Vladimir Shalim.
Inkampani ekhokelayo yenkampani yetekhnoloji
Inkqubo ye-Prainage ye-Pranered kwiNkqubo yokuPhawula
I-Gravel Famite ithululwe kwisiseko sekhonkrithi esiqinisekisiweyo, sathulula i-scred, siyigubungele ngeengqengqelo ezimbini zokwenza amanzi, ngaphezulu kwe-membrane ye-membrane (i-teknonick). Xa uqhagamshela, i-geotextile esezantsi yahlulwe kwisiseko kwixabiso elifunekayo 'kwi-Dock "kwiphepha elilandelayo
Njengoko amalaphu amatsha ayakha amanzi kumacala amade kunye amafutshane. Ukuze i-canvas ye-chenage yayiyi "qhubeka", imigingo iqinisa iribhoni yePontiterbend
Kunye ne-geotextay - i-teudhes ezimbini okanye iteyiphu engathandekiyo ye-geotextats, ukufumana icebo lokucoca icebo
Kwi-Ball ye-ballast (ukusuka kwi-40 mm), amaqhezu amatye angama-20 ukuya kwengama-40 yeqhezu kunye nokulinganisa ubuncinci i-50 kg / m² iyasetyenziswa. Ingagqiba kuluphahla olungagungqiyo, kwaye xa isetyenziswa kwigrabile, ibekwe kwiithayile ze-ceramic okanye ibhlokhi
Ifoto: Tehtonikol (5)
