Kwilizwe lethu, ityhubhu kunye neziseko ezipeyintiweyo zemfumba zixhaphake kakhulu, ezithetha isixhobo esisenyongweni (kumgangatho wokuqala womgangatho). Sikuxelela into ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze lo uyilo lukusebenza ixesha elide.
I-1 ibonelela nge-ventilation ephantsi komhlaba
Oko kukuthi, kushiya isiseko eludongeni kwesiseko. Xa bezibala, ngamanye amaxesha bagxile kwi-SP 54.13330.2011 (i-chip ehlaziyiweyo ye-sna -01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01 Yindawo iyonke ubuncinci i-1/400 yecandelo lobugcisa phantsi komhlaba okanye kwi-odulity, ikwindawo efanayo ejikeleze umda weendonga zangaphandle. Indawo yemveliso enye kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-0.05 m2. " Kodwa intetho kuphela kwimigangatho ihamba malunga nezakhiwo zegumbi, apho umhlaba ophantsi kweprojekthi unomhlaba wekhonkrithi kwaye ukhuselwe kumswakama.
Kwindlu yabucala enomhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba, indawo yemingxunya ye-ventilation iyacelwa ukuba yonyuse ubuncinci i-1/200 kwingingqi yesakhiwo (oko kukuthi, umzekelo, kwindlu ye-8 × 10 m, icwangcisiwe ukuya iveliswe nge-0.4 m2 okanye ngaphezulu). Kwangelo xesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathele ingqalelo umoya (qala eyona ndawo iphambili kwimveliso evela kummoya kunye namacala aphumayo) kwaye ukuphepha imimandla engaphantsi, phantsi kwezakhiwo, njl., Zivelisiwe ivaliwe ngeetreyi zentsimbi ezingenakwenzeka.
Imveliso ihamba zombini kwiindonga zangaphandle zesiseko kunye ne-jumpers. Ifoto: Indlu esempilweni
I-2 ilala phantsi kwesanti yomhlaba
Kwindawo yaseSwamupy, indawo engaphantsi komhlaba kufuneka izaliswe yisanti edityanisiweyo ye-25 cm. Isiphumo se-capillary sibonakaliswa kwisanti engaphantsi kodongwe kunye nolusu oluncinci kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba. Ukwenzela "ukudibanisa impumelelo", kunqweneleka ukugcina ngaphezulu kwentlabathi enomxholo oqinileyo we-Hydropara ifayilithi - ubuncinci ifilimu yesiqhelo ye-polidethylene.
Xa usenza isakhelo sesakhelo, kubalulekile ukuba ungalibali ukusikwa ulusu kwiiphaneli zokubeka. Ifoto: Kostroma terem
I-3 iQaphela imiqadi
Iibhulethi ezigqithisayo ziyafuneka ukuba zihlukane ngononophelo kwizinto zesiseko (igumbi elingaphantsi) kunye nenkxaso eziphakathi. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa i-garket ye-subroofing manzi egudileyo (i-hydrohotelool kunye ne-analog) kwi-bitumen-polymer mastic.
1 - I-TANDY BENCHMARK, 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - I-2-Ikholamu ye-3-Ikholamu ye-4 - 4 - I-4 - 5 - "Pirate". Umzobo: V. Grigorieva
4 Khusela imingxunya yokhuni ukusuka ekuboleni
Imingxunya yokhuni yokugqobhoza kunye neebhanti ze-cranial (phezu kwazo zilele phantsi kumgangatho ophantsi) kufuneka zikhuselwe ukusuka ekuboleni, ukubola i-antiseptic kubunzulu obuyi-2 mm. Oku, ukwakhiwa kusetyenziswa ngokwamkelwa kwe-2-3, kwaye kukungabi nakuphambile, kodwa ngoncedo lwe-Spley. Isiphumo esihle kukwaphunyezwa ngokungena kwi-oyile echithwe ngokushushu. Olunye ukhetho kukusebenzisa i-Beams yentsimbi, kodwa inxulunyaniswa nokunyuka okukhulu kweendleko (iimveliso ezivela kwisinyithi kuya kubiza amaxesha ama-5-6 ngaphezulu kwe-cusev okanye ungene ngemvume).
Imiqadi esemgangathweni yensizi iya kusebenza ixesha elide ukuba uzigubungele nge-varnish ye-varnish. Ifoto: V. Grigorieva
5 Yenza idrafti evela kwiibhodi
Kunqweneleka kakhulu ukwenza i-rut erhabaxa eziplanga, kodwa kwisiseko esinganyangekiyo sokujikeleza, njenge-ceipboard yesamente. Kwimeko yetshizi, inkunkuma ephantsi komhlaba ijikeleza uluhlu lwedrafti, olusilelayo ngoku kufakwa kwakhona. Ngenxa yoko, intuthuzelo yokuphila endlini ihlakrahla kwaye iindleko zokufudumeza ziyanda.
I-beams yeplanga ikhusela ngokujikeleza nge-antiseptics. Ifoto: Sviigost.
6 Musa ukuvala imveliso ebusika
Akukho kwimeko, akunakwenzeka ukukhusela iinkqubo zobusika ukukhusela kubanda, njengoko yayihlala zenziwa ngeentsuku zakudala. Uyilo lwe-overlap lunokuthunyelwa kangangokuba aluyi komiswa kwaye phakathi kwehlobo - ubushushu buya kuvakala endlwini, kuya kubakho ivumba elingathandekiyo.
Kwibhuleni evunyelwe ukusika igajethi yokubeka unxibelelwano, kodwa ubunzulu beegroba ezinjalo akufuneki zidlule kwi-1/4 yobungqingqwa bobukhulu. Ifoto: izbaadeetexe.
Ukubonelela ngokufikelela kwindawo ephantsi komhlaba
Ukuphakama komhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba ongaphantsi kwe-0.5 m, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kucinyiwe ukufikelela ngokulula kule ndawo yohlaziyo, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwesiseko se-overlap. Kulula kakhulu ukuba uqhubekele ezantsi kwemiqadi, imivalo ye-cranial kunye ne-antisepped antiseptic, endaweni yokuphakamisa imigangatho yebhodi kwaye ivelise ukwakhiwa kwakhona.
Isisombululo sengxaki yengxaki yomgangatho wokuqala kukwala ukwala i-beams kunye nokwakhiwa kwesiseko se-hybrid, njenge tape-slab okanye ipleyiti. Ifoto: izbaadeetexe.
8 uboya ophantsi kweGrey engaphantsi
Kanye ngonyaka, kunqweneleka ukutshisa i-Sulfur embalwa yesalfure kwindawo ephantsi komhlaba, ethi yona namhlanje ungayithenga ngokulula kwimarike yokwakha, kodwa nakwiphondo lezoqoqosho lweevenkile ezinkulu. Uvalo olufihlakeleyo yindlela esebenzayo yokulwa amakhowa amdaka.