Indawo leyo ibizwa ngokuba yindlela enekhonkrithi, i-asphalt okanye enye ibeka i-rimeter yendlu kufutshane neendonga kwaye inyibilike amanzi. Siza kuxelela malunga neenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zolwakhiwo lwayo kwaye siqwalasele iimpazamo ezihlala zihlala zivuma.
Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba itolini yelitye inxulumene ne-ONATAT, UKUFUNDA IIGAZI NOKUGQIBELA
Kwimithambeka, indawo ethembekileyo ithintela ukuqhwanyaza kunye nokutyibilika komhlaba
Ukupeyinta izilayidi ezenziwe nge-concoct ngexesha ngamanye amaxesha zilahlekile
Ukuthathwa kwenqanaba lenzekileyo kunciphisa ubuthongo bomhlaba kufutshane nesiseko seSiseko, ukucothisa, ngaloo ndlela kunyanzeliswa ukuqiniswa kunye nokunciphisa umgubo weqabaka. Uphahla "lomhlaba" ngokukhethekileyo ufuna amakhasethi edadayo, elonakaliswa lube ngaphezulu kobunzulu be-frezing. Iziseko ze-Slab kunye neziseko zinokuzinza, kodwa ukufuma okuphezulu kuchaphazela kakubi ubomi beenkonzo zabo, ngaphandle, amanzi ahlala engena phantsi komhlaba, obangela imingxunya ejikelezayo kunye nomgangatho omnyama.
Ifoto: I-tubamast.
Imilinganiselo ephambili ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nomxube owomileyo, i-hydrophobizers, kunye nexesha lokubandayo - i-ablistried kunye nezinye izongezo ziya kunceda ekwenzeni impumelelo kwikhonkrithi.
Indawo encedayo yandisa ubomi beNdlu, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba basebenzise amandla akhe. Ke, ayikwazi ukuthintela i-picreen ezikhukulisekileyo i-celler okanye igumbi elingaphantsi, yeka iinkqubo zokwenza i-sedariment kwaye inciphise umhlaba weqabaka.
Imigaqo esisiseko
Qala ukwakhiwa kwendawo ejikeleze indlu ilandela unyaka omnye okanye ezimbini emva kokuphela kolwakhiwo lwebhokisi ekhaya, xa i-shrintage yokuqala yesiseko igqityiwe. Umkhondo ungabikho ndlela ufanele ubekwe ngaphezulu komphathi wamanzi owahlula isahlulo nodonga, kwaye unike ububanzi bophahla lobubanzi.Indawo leyo kufuneka inikwe i-bias evela ekhaya ubuncinci i-5% (leyo, i-5 cm nge-1 m). Amatye emida axhunyiwe ukuze angavuki ngaphezulu kwe-dialing kwaye akalibazisanga amanzi. Ukuba umkhondo uhamba ngeenyawo, kungcono ukwandisa okungenani ukuya kuthi ga kwi-110 cm kwaye ungayityawuleni ityholo kufutshane nalo.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezintle (zomhlaba ongekhoyo, isixa esincinci, indawo ephakamileyo) inokwenziwa ngentsebenziswano (malunga ne-80 cm) yekhefu, ukukhetha indlela elula kakhulu - ukubeka i-ping thertete yesanti nge-a Ubungakanani obuyi-8-10 cm. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokuhamba kwemvula ukusuka kwimibhobho yendlela yokuhamba ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza nokuhlamba umkhondo, kuya kufuneka ukubonelela ngokukhupha amanzi kwi-trays ye-tional drays.
Iingcebiso ezi-5 kwisixhobo sokuqhawuka kwekhonkrithi
- I-powders zonyango kunye neepasile mazingathunyelwa kwikhonkrithi: Ngaphandle kokungabikho, banciphisa kakhulu amandla okubanjwa.
- Igridi okanye isakhelo senqanaba elinye lebha yebha ifakwe kwindawo yokuma ukuze kufuneke uqinisekile phakathi kobunzima bekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi.
- Ukulungiselela ikhonkrithi, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuqhekeka (ngokufanelekileyo-granite) ilitye elityunyuzwayo 5-20 mm; Olona khetho lubi kakhulu nguMfula ityhefu ngomxokelelwane wodongwe.
- Ukuze i-coraing ayiyomisi kwaye ingaphulukanga amandla, kuyimfuneko ukuyigubungela kubushushu kunye nefilimu ye-Pergamine okanye i-Polythyethylene.
- Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuphucula iipropathi zekhonkrithi ngokudibanisa izongezelelo zeplastiki, kwaye xa i-kharensi, inyanga umphezulu nge-hydrophobizer. Ngamanye amaxesha abakhi bayacetyiswa ukuba benze ikhefu kwindlela ephakathi yaseRussia, nakwimihlaba yengxaki. Kwangelo xesha, isiphatho sikhokelwa ngumhlaba, simba udongwe "kodongwe" lomqamelo wesanti. Kwimozulu yemvula, izele kukufuma, ixhomekeke kwizithuba phakathi kweethayile. Akukho nto yokuthetha ukuba ukusilela okunjalo kunokubakhokalisa isiseko seNdlu.
Kwimimandla emininzi yelizwe lethu, ecaleni kwesiseko, kufuneka ixhobise umtya nge-ropter (ngaphandle kwe-GM) yobubanzi obuyi-100 cm ububanzi obuyi-100 cm, kwaye kufuneka iphakanyiswe ngaphezulu komhlaba Yihla i-quy ye-shld emqolo.
Ukuba uyacotha ngesixhobo, imbambo yesiseko sebhalta iya kuncipha, kwaye ii-rock zinokuvela ezindongeni zendlu.
Imeko evela kwi-asphalt crumb kwi-Suble yesanti iya kuxabisa ixabiso eliphantsi (ukusuka kwi-ruble eyi-1400 / m2, ithathela ingqalelo umsebenzi), kodwa akunakulindeleka ukuba ihombise indlu kunye neyelenqe.
Itotone eninzi ibukeka njenge-sandstone yendalo
Skruce kwiibhloko
Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi
Ixabiso lezinto ezinqabileyo (i-25 ukuya kwengama-40) le-MM Imeko evela kwi-slabs ebiziweyo kumxube owomileyo, isanti okanye igravel encinci, entle kwaye ingunaphakade, kodwa ixabiso layo alizii-ruble ezingama-3200 / m2
I-Monolithic yaqinisa ikhonkrithi
Ngomyinge wexabiso kunye nokuthembeka, ukwahluka okuqinisekileyo kwesidlo sakusasa senziwe nge-monolithic kwikhonkrithi kwi-SANDY-GRAPH. I-odolo yesixhobo sayo ihlala ilandelayo. Ekuqaleni, kwisiseko, umaleko ochumileyo womhlaba ususiwe kwaye usete i-forking yobisi kunye nokuphakama kwe-15-30 cm, emva koko i-10 ukuya kwe-10 ukuya kwi-4-40 mm kunye ne-8-10 cm yesanti ye-Coarder zigalelwe; I-Pil Isawuzi kakuhle. Ezinye iingcali zikugqala kufanelekile ukwahlula umqamelo ukusuka kumhlaba ophantsi komhlaba (othintela umgangatho we-sandbravia) okanye isebenzise i-sandbravia) okanye isebenzise i-geotextavia) okanye isebenzise i-geotextats yokwahlula zonke iingqekembe zendlela. Ngaphezulu komqamelo ugalele i-8 cm yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, uqinisekisile ngegridi yendlela, kwaye ungcono - ngesakhelo sekhonkco esivela kwintonga (umgangatho wekhonkrithi uyakwandisa kakhulu usebenzisa umxube wombane). Emva kosuku, i-2-7 cm) ifakwe umaleko wokuqulunqwa kwe-bias yesanti yesanti yophawu olungaphantsi kwe-M150 okanye ikhonkrithi enesikhafu esihle.Qala umsebenzi emva ko-Agasti ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezinto zekhonkrithi onobungozi - kwimeko ye-freezers yokuqala, ukungcungcutheka akuyi kuba nexesha lokufumana amandla.
Ngaphandle kokuqiniswa, igumbi lokuxhela lekhonkrithi lihlala likrexeza. Inyani yile yokuba ngexesha lemvula yasekwindla, umqamelo wentlabathi kunye nomhlaba ophantsi kwawo ugcwala ngamanzi, ebusika wandisiwe, kwaye ukuhlekiswa kwentwasahlobo kubhatalwe. Ukuthintela ukwenziwa kwee-rocks, ngamanye amaxesha i-canvas yekhonkrithi yahlulahlulwe yangamaqhekeza esebenzisa i-formation engalungelelanisiweyo (umzekelo, kwiplastiki yegqabi). I-AM, isiphumo esidla ngokungathethi ukuba ulindelo, njengoko iipleyiti ziqala "ukuhamba", kwaye iinguqu zenqanaba zisenziwa phakathi kwabo, kwaye umsantsa obanzi ubonakala kufutshane nesiseko. Inqanaba elisebenzayo ngakumbi kukufakwa ecaleni kwendawo ye-trays ye-rays enamanzi anokususwa amanzi kwiqula elikhethekileyo, i-cuvette okanye ishawa.
Umsebenzi wokulungisa
Akufanelanga ukuba uzame ukufihla imifuno kwisidlo sakusasa, kufutshane nabo ngesisombululo, thula umaleko wekhonkrithi ukusuka phezulu okanye ukubeka izilayidi. Ubuncinci bezinto ezivumelekileyo zekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi yi-6 cm, kwaye kufuneka iqiniswe, kwaye umsantsa ecaleni kwesiseko sisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokufumana amanzi, enjengomxube wesamente. Ngexesha lokulungiswa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukufudumeza umhlaba ubuncinci ubuncinci (5-10 mm) ye-Polythyetlene Jom, ibekwe ngaphezulu kwentengiselwano endala. Ukuba ikhonkrithi igutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo inethiwekhi yocwecwe ebanzi, kungcono ukuthoba i-coraight kwaye ubeke entsha.
Namhlanje, iindleko zesixhobo se-greyithi yekhonkrithi (imisebenzi + izixhobo) - ukusuka kwi-ruble eyi-1600. I-1 m2. Ukunika umkhondo wokuhoya umkhondo, ngaphezulu ungabeka i-fakes yesamente kwiglue, kodwa iindleko ziya kunyuka ngamaxesha ayi-1,5-2. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukubeka i-coraight, kuyavakala ukulinda unyaka okanye ezimbini kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ikhonkrithi ayisebenzi.
Ukutshintshwa kwekhonkrithi kunye ne-Asphalt engaphezulu kweplastiki kunciphisa amathuba, kodwa ngemiqolo encinci, le misebenzi ihlala ixabisa ngaphezulu kwekhonkrithi, nangaphezu kokuba ivumba le-bitume liza ixesha elide kwi-aspham.
Imeko evela kumanqindi amiselweyo kumxube owomileyo-umxube wesanti, ngelixa uhambelane netekhnoloji, kunqabile ukuba uveze i-rocks, kodwa ixabisa kakhulu ikhonkrithi.
Ukuba, ngenxa yokuhluma kwendlu okanye umhlaba, indawo leyo ifumene i-chaas kwisiseko, kufuneka ukuba senze ngokungxamisekileyo ukulungiswa okanye ukwakhiwa kwakhona
Xa uphuwa ukwakha isahlulo sekhonkrithi ukuseta i-bias oyifunayo kwiNdlu, iFomu ithathelwa ingqalelo kwinqanaba
Ngaphambi kokuzaliswa kwekhonkrithi, kubalulekile ukuba ichithe kwaye ibambe isanti kunye negravel kwaye ibeke i-GAGID ye-ridid, ikunyuse ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lomqamelo
Sukulibala ukonga phantsi kwendawo yokuphumla yophahla lokuphumla kwenkqubo yenkqubo yentshukumo
I-otzyko
Ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuntywila kwamaxesha onyaka ongaphantsi kwebhanti elihle kwingxaki yengxaki kuya kuvumela ukufudumala kwento yokufakwa. Ngolwakhiwo lwayo, iiplate ze-polystyrene ye-polystyrene okanye i-polyturethane foam ene-25 mm ibekwe kwi-curicuil yesanti. Unokubonisa i-polyurethane foam ukusuka kufakelo olukhethekileyo. Phezu kwe-inshunsen yokufakelwa, ikhonkrithi enzima igalelwe, inyanzelisa igridi yayo yendlela.I-inshuler kunye nomtya wamanzi 1.2 m ububanzi buza kukhusela iribhoni yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi evela kumswakama nakwindlela ephakathi yaseRussia iya kunciphisa umngcipheko we-flezing phantsi komgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba. Ngelishwa, amathuba okuhamba kunye nokuqhekeka kwento eyenziweyo, kuba umhlaba ungaphumeleli kuphela xa uprefu, kodwa nakwindlela ethe tyaba.
Iinketho zeZixhobo Schoodski
1 Liliwa elityunjiweyo; 2 - Isanti; Ikhonkrithi yesi-3 eyomeleze; I-picograbevv; I-5 sisitshixo sesilayidi; Itreyitha yokuhamba; 7 - Ilitye lokugoba; 8 - I-Geotextile; I-9-Pyrene Polyleas; 10 - Ukucinywa kwe-gravel; I-11-Isanti-yesanti; 12 - I-TIILE