Lesi sigameko sibizwa ngokuthi yindlela ngokhonkolo, asphalt noma okunye ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi, okubekwe ngasendaweni yendlu eduze kwezindonga futhi kuhloswe ukuvikela isisekelo semvula namanzi ancibilikayo. Sizosho ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwakha kwayo futhi sicabangele amaphutha athi amafemu enkontileka avame ukuvuma.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi i-Celestone ivumelanisa nebanga elingaphansi, ekulimaleni amathrekhi namathrekhi
Emithambekeni, indawo ethembekile ivimbela ukufiphala nokushelela kwenhlabathi
Ukugoqa ama-slabs okwenziwe nge-concoct ngopende ngesikhathi kwesinye isikhathi kulahlekelwa ama-aesthetics
I-cesspost eyenziwe ngokufanelekile inciphisa kakhulu umswakama wenhlabathi eduze kwesisekelo, wehlise umoya, ngaleyondlela ukugqwala kokuqiniswa nokunciphisa i-frosty powder. "Uphahla lomhlaba" ludinga ikakhulukazi amateyipu antantayo, ukuphela kwawo okukhona ngaphezulu kokujula kokuqhwa. Izisekelo ze-slab nenqwaba zizinzile, kepha umswakama owedlulele usathinta kabi impilo yazo yenkonzo, ngaphandle kwalokho, amanzi avame ukungena ngaphansi komhlaba, abangela imishayo ebolile kanye nomnyama ophansi.
Photo: Bitumast.
Amamitha aphezulu asezingeni eliphakeme kanye nokuxubana okumawomile, ama-hydrophobizer, futhi ngesizini elibandayo - izengezo ezingama-antiordave nezinye zizosiza ukufeza impumelelo ekwakhiweni kwamandla kakhonkolo aqinisiwe.
Isimo sisiza ukwelula impilo yendlu, kepha akunakwenzeka ukweqisa amakhono akhe. Ngakho-ke, ayikwazi ukuvimba izikhukhula zasentwasahlobo ezikhukhulayo kahle noma ngaphansi, yeka izinqubo zokudonsela phansi futhi wehlise inhlabathi enesithwathwa.
Imithetho eyisisekelo
Qala ekwakhiweni kwesehlakalo ezungeze indlu kulandela unyaka owodwa noma amabili ngemuva kokuphela kokwakhiwa kwebhokisi ekhaya, lapho kuqedwa ukuqothuka kwesisekelo. Ithrekhi ayinakubekwa kungaphezulu kwesendlalelo esingenzi manzi ahlukanisa isisekelo nodonga, nokunikela ububanzi bophahla ngobubanzi bophahla.Isimo kufanele sinikezwe i-bias ekhaya okungenani okungenani ama-5% (okungukuthi, ama-5 cm anobubanzi obuyi-1 m). Amatshe omngcele axhunyiwe ukuze angakhuphuki ngaphezulu kwenhlanganisela futhi awazange alibambeze amanzi. Uma ithrekhi ingumhamba ngezinyawo, kungcono ukukukhulisa okungenani kuze kube ngu-110 cm futhi ungatshali izihlahla eziseduze kwazo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithandekayo (inhlabathi engeyona engenalutho, inani elincane lemvula, indawo ephakeme) ingenziwa ngobuhlakani (cishe ngo-80 cm) wekhefu, ukukhetha indlela elula - ukubeka kahle indlela egandayiwe ngokhonkolo ethangeni lesihlabathi nge Ubukhulu obungu-8-10 cm
Amathiphu angu-5 kudivayisi yokuqhekeka kokhonkolo
- Amapontshi okulashwa kanye nama-pastes akufanele angezelwe kukhonkolo: Uma kungekho ukuphindaphinda, kunciphisa kakhulu amandla okuhlanganisa.
- Igridi noma ifreyimu eyodwa ye-bar ibekwa esitobhini ukuze ukuqiniswa kutholakala cishe maphakathi nobukhulu besendlalelo sikakhonkolo.
- Ukulungiselela ukhonkolo, kungcono ukusebenzisa okuchotshoziwe (kahle - i-granite) itshe elichotshoziwe le-5-20 mm ingxenye; Inketho ebi kakhulu yi-Pebble Pebble ngokuhlanganiswa kobumba.
- Ukuze i-coating ayimenzi futhi ingaphelelwa amandla, kuyadingeka ukumboza ekushiseni ngefilimu ye-pergamine noma ye-polyethylene.
- Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ngokungeza izithasiselo zepulasitiki, futhi uma zilukhuni, phatha indawo nge-hydrophobizer. Kwesinye isikhathi abakhi banconyelwa ukwenza ikhefu elinjalo emzileni ophakathi kweRussia, nasezinhlupheni ezinenkinga. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusakazwa kuholwa ngumhlaba, ukumba kumakhelwane "amaKorits" ngomcamelo onesihlabathi. Esimweni sezulu esina imvula, igcwele umswakama, incike ezigceni phakathi kwamathayili. Akukho lutho ongakusho ukuthi ukuntuleka okunjalo kulimaza isisekelo sendlu.
Ezifundeni eziningi zezwe lethu, kanye nesisekelo, kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa umucu nge-materproof (ngaphandle kwezikhala) ngobubanzi okungenani obuyi-100 cm ububanzi, futhi kufanele kuphakanyiswe ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ngo-10-30 cm, kubushelelezi Donsela ngehla nge-Weld of the Row.
Uma wehlisa ijubane ngedivayisi, iribhoni lesisekelo seBelt izokwehla, futhi kungavela imifantu ezindongeni zendlu.
Lesi sigameko esivela ku-asphalt crumb ku-sand ungqimba sizobiza ama-eshibhile (kusuka kuma-ruble angu-1400 / m2, kucatshangelwa umsebenzi), kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi ahlobise indlu necebo.
I-Pinestone Eningi ibukeka njenge-sandstone ye-sandstone-limestone
Skuke kusuka emabhulokini
Uthayela ukhonkolo
Izindleko zamatshe amatshe amancane (25- 40 mm) abekwe esihlabathini aqala kusuka kuma-ruble angu-1700 / m2, esiteshini esiqinisiwe se-sand-cement - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-2200 / m2. Isimo esivela ku-slabs egandayiwe sibekwe emhlanganweni owomile, isihlabathi noma amatshe amancane, amahle futhi amade - isikhathi eside, kepha intengo yayo ayiwona ama-ruble angama-3200 / m2
Ukhonkolo oqinisiwe weMonolithic
Ngokwesilinganiso sentengo nokwethembeka, ukwehluka okuphelele kwesidlo sasekuseni kwenziwa ngokhonkolo oqinisiwe kwe-monolithic emcamelo onesihlabathi. Ukuhleleka kwensiza yayo kuvame kakhulu ngokulandelayo. Ekuqaleni, kanye nesisekelo, ungqimba oluvundile lwenhlabathi lususwa bese usetha ifomuli yokwebisi ngokuphakama kwe-15-30 cm, bese kuba ngu-10-12 cm we-Rubble noma i-8-10 cm yesihlabathi esimazayo athululelwe; Umcamelo ngokuphelele tram. Abanye ochwepheshe bakubheka njengokufanele ukuhlukanisa umcamelo e-geotextile yenhlabathi (evimbela ukufakwa kwe-sandbravia) noma usebenzise i-geoellits ukuhlukanisa zonke izingqimba zekhekhe lomgwaqo. Phezu komcamelo uthele okungenani i-8 cm kakhonkolo esindayo, uqinisile ngegridi yomgwaqo, futhi okungcono - ngefreyimu ye-lattice kusuka ku-rod (ikhwalithi kakhonkolo izokhuphuka kakhulu uma uyilungiselela usebenzisa i-kagesi mixer). Ngemuva kosuku oluzayo, i-cell (2-7 cm) ibeka ungqimba olwakhe unesixazululo sesimende sophawu olungaphansi kwe-M150 noma ukhonkolo nge-filler egeleza kahle.Qala umsebenzi ngaphambi kuka-Agasti ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo zengozi kakhonkolo - endabeni yama-free ngaphambi kokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa ngeke kube nesikhathi sokuthola amandla.
Naphezu kokuqiniswa, i-Concrete Clashhouse ivame ukuqhekeka. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngesikhathi semvula yasekwindla, umcamelo wesihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi ngaphansi kwawo kwagcwala amanzi, ebusika kuyandiswa, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwentwasahlobo kubhalwe ngokungalingani. Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwemifantu, kwesinye isikhathi ama-cancrete canvas ahlukaniswe izingcezwana zisebenzisa amafomu angazihlanganisi (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ku-Leaf Plastic). Maye, umphumela uvame ukungathetheleli okulindelwe, njengoba amapuleti eqala 'ukuhamba ", futhi kuguqulwa izinga phakathi kwabo, futhi kwavela igebe elibanzi eduze kwesisekelo. Isinyathelo esisebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu ukufakwa endaweni yesigameko somugqa wamathayela wamanzi ngokususwa kwamanzi emthonjeni okhethekile, i-cuvette noma ishawa.
Umsebenzi wokulungisa
Akufanele uzame ukufihla imifantu esidlweni sasekuseni, eduze kwabo ngesisombululo, uthele ungqimba oluncanyana lukakhonkolo oluvela ngaphezulu noma ukubeka ama-slabs awela. Ubukhulu obuncane obuvumelekile bokulungiswa kokhonkolo kokhonkolo bungamasentimitha ayi-6, futhi kufanele buqiniswe, futhi igebe elihambisana nesisekelo ligxishwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obungenamanzi umjovo, njengengxube ye-clemer-polymer. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kungakuhle ukuthi kufudumele inhlabathi okungenani encane (5-10 mm) ungqimba we-polyethylene Foam, ebekwe ngaphezulu kwesibindi sakudala. Uma ukhonkolo embozwe ngokuphelele ngenethiwekhi yemifantu ebanzi, kungcono ukudiliza ngokuphelele ukuhlanganisa nokubeka okusha.
Namuhla, izindleko zocingo lwendlala kakhonkolo (izinto zokwenza izinto) - kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1600. ngo-1 m2. Ukunikeza umhlobiso wethrekhi, ngaphezulu ungabeka ama-slabs awela ku-glue usimende, kepha izindleko zizokwanda ngezikhathi eziyi-1.5-2. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukubeka i-coating yokuqeda, kunengqondo ukulinda unyaka noma ezimbili futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukhonkolo ayiqhekeki.
Ukufakwa esikhundleni kokhonkolo nge-asphalt epulasitiki eyengeziwe kunciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka, kepha ngeminyaka emincane, lo msebenzi uvame ukubiza ngaphezu kokhonkolo, ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 kaBitumen, futhi iphunga leBetumen liza isikhathi eside ku-Asphalt.
Isigameko esivela kuma-slabs abunjiwe sibekwe kwingxube esomile yesimende-sand, manzi futhi, ngenkathi kuhambisana nobuchwepheshe, kuyaqabukela kuphakamise imifantu, kepha kubiza okungenani ukhonkolo olubizayo olubizayo.
Uma, ngenxa ye-shrinkage yendlu noma yenhlabathi, isimo sele ndawo sithole ukubandlulula kwalesi sisekelo, kuyadingeka ekufezeni ngokushesha ukulungisa kwayo noma ukwakha kabusha
Lapho kwakhiwa ukuwohloka kokhonkolo ukusetha ukukhetha okufiselekayo endlini, amafomu acatshangwa yizinga
Ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa kokhonkolo, kubalulekile ukuchitha futhi ukubamba isihlabathi kanye ne-gravel bese ubeka igridi yokuqinisa, ukuyiphakamisa ngenhla kwezinga lomcamelo
Ungakhohlwa ukukhwela ngaphansi kwama-Spoung of Poofing Drain amathoni amathoni abamukeli bohlelo lokudonsa amanzi
I-Otzhestka efakiwe
Yehlisa kakhulu ukunyakaza kwesizini kwesisekelo sebhande le-belt eligcwele kahle emhlabathini ngenkinga kuzovumela ukufakwa kokufakelwa. Ngokwakha kwalo, amapuleti e-polystyrere Foam noma i-polyurethane Foam enobukhulu obungu-25 mm abekwe emfudlaneni we-sand-breaker. Ungakhombisa futhi i-polyurethane foam kusuka ekufakweni okukhethekile. Ngaphezulu kokufakwa, ukhonkolo osindayo uthululwa, kugcizelela igridi yalo yomgwaqo.Ukufakwa kwe-insulation kanye ne-materproof purtip engu-1.2 m ububanzi kuzovikela iribhoni ekhonkolo eqinisiwe kusuka kumswakama nakwindlela ephakathi nendawo yaseRussia kuzonciphisa ubungozi bokuqandeka komhlaba phansi. Ngeshwa, amathuba okunyakaza kanye nokuqhekeka kwesigameko ngokwawo agcinwe, ngoba inhlabathi ayigcini ngokuqondile kuphela, kodwa futhi nasendleleni evundlile.
Izinketho zamadivayisi schiodski
1 - Itshe elichotshoziwe; 2 - Isihlabathi; 3 - ukhonkolo oqinisiwe; 4 - I-Pescograbvy; I-5 is a screen screen; I-6 - ugqoko wamanzi; 7 - Itshe lokuncipha; 8 - Geotextile; 9 - Styrene Polypleas; 10 - Ukuhlola amatshe; 11 - Ukuxubana kwesihlabathi; 12 - tile