Ingqimba ye-single-ungqimba kanye namafilimu ahlukene asetshenziswa nge-subbroase avame ukubizwa ngokuthi umoya kanye nokungena kwamanzi. Kepha kulungile ukusebenzisa igama elithi "membrane ye-membrane".
Photo: "Tekhnonikol"
Ibonisa ngokunembile inhloso yalokho okubambe iqhaza ekuhoxiseni umphunga wamanzi kusuka endlini futhi ngokuthembekile kuvikela ukwakheka kwemiklamo emgwaqweni ovela emgwaqweni.
Abasubathi abaqeqeshiwe nabathandi bendlela yokuphila enempilo yokusebenza okusebenzayo komoya omusha bakhetha izingubo ezikhethekile. Ivikela ngokumelene nomoya, imvula, iqhwa nakasikhathi esifanayo ikhipha umswakama owabelwe umzimba kanye nesithukuthuku. Ulwelwesi lokuguquguquka lusendleleni efanayo, ehlala ifakwa ngaphandle komklamo we-ternary ophahleni. Ifilimu elincanyana linamandla okukhiqiza umphunga wamanzi avela kuleso sakhiwo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye lisebenza njengesithiyo esingenakunqotshwa sokungena ngaphandle kwezakhi zomswakama, ukuvikela ngokuthembekile izinto, ukufakwa kwama-attal, kanye ne-attic elibandayo noma indawo yokuhlala.
Ngabe umswakama unjani uma indlu imbozwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zophahla? Okokuqala, lapho izinga lokushisa le-oscillations elingaphakathi kophahla, i-condensate ivame ukwakhiwa. Okwesibili, inkungu, izimvula ezinama-oblique kanye nomoya onamandla kungaholela ethonsi lamanzi namaconsi eqhwa esikhaleni esingaphansi. Futhi okwesithathu, umphunga wamanzi ungene emagcekeni endlu. Ama-membranes aguqukayo akhiqiza ngaphandle, futhi ngamanani amakhulu ancishiswe ngaphandle ukuze ahanjiswa kancane kancane. Mukhulu kangakanani umphumela omubi wokuba khona komswakama? Zigwebe ngokwakho: Noma ngabe umswakama omncane ku-1-2%, ukuthuthuka okushisayo kokufakwa kwe-fibrous thermal kukhuphuka ngo-20-30%, ngakho-ke, ukulahleka kokushisa kuyanda kanye nezindleko ezingezekile zokugcina i-microclimate entofontofo endlini kuyadingeka. Ukunyathekisa izakhiwo zophahla zokhuni zigcwele ukubukeka kwamakholoni okubumba kanye nesikhunta, ukugcwala insimbi, okuholela ekunciphiseni ekuxhashazweni kwazo.
Uphahla lwekhekhe lwekhekhe ngaphezulu kwe-mansard yokuhlala
Photo: Rockwool.
1 - Uphahla; 2 - imvume enomoya; 3 - imigoqo yamahloni nezilawuli; 4 - I-Membresion membrane; 5 - Ama-Rafters; Amapuleti ayi-6; 7 - Ifilimu ye-Vapor Barrier; 8 - DOM; 9 - Ukushaywa kwangaphakathi
Kuvela ukuthi umswakama uyisitha esikhulu sobuqotho namandla ophahla. Ulwelwesi lokuguquguquka lusiza ukugcina izinhlaka zangaphakathi kanye nokufaka okufakiwe esimweni esomile, ukunweba izimpilo zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la mafilimu avimbela isimo sezulu sezinhlayiya zokufakwa, sinciphise ukulahleka kokushisa, ukuvimbela ngokususwa kokuxhuma kanye nokwandisa ukumelana kokushisa kokushisa kwezinhlaka ezivalekile. Okungukuthi, futhi kuyinto ekonga amandla, futhi ngesikhathi somonakalo ophahleni - umshuwalense kusuka ekuvuza. Emakethe yasekhaya, ama-membranes aguqukayo amelelwa yizinkampani eziningi, kufaka phakathi: "Hexa", "i-Onntulin" (Brand "Ondutis"), "Technonol", "Technonol (Tyvek" Jeta, Rockwool .
Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezindlu, amakhasimende amaningi azama ukunciphisa izindleko ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamafilimu aphansi noma ashibhile, njengokuvikelwa kwe-hydraulic. Yize ulwelwesi lokuphazamiseka ludlula emapharamitha amaningi. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa kwamafilimu amafilimu e-hydraulic njalo kusho ukusetshenziswa kwegebe lesibili eliphefumula, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwalo, akuzona izindleko ezingezekile kuphela zemigoqo, izilawuli kanye ne-fasteners, kepha futhi kwandisa isikhathi somsebenzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindleko zezezimali zingaqhathaniswa nenani le-membrane ye-deffsion, ebekwe ngqo ekushiseni okufakwayo, okushesha kakhulu futhi okushibhile. Sincoma ukusebenzisa izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme ezihlanganisa amandla, izindawo zokuvikela kanye nokubhekelwa okuphezulu kwe-vapor, njenge-tyvek decise membranes (DuPont).
U-Anton Chernikov
Umphathi wephrojekthi "Ukwakha amafilimu", Tekhnonikol PPK
Photo: "Odutis"
Okwema-membranes, igebe elilodwa lokungena komoya (a), kumafilimu wefilimu le-hydraulic - amabili: 5 cm ngezansi, 8-10 cm ngaphezulu (b)
Izici eziyinhloko zamafilimu aphansi
Izici eziphambili zazo zihlola ikhwalithi yamafilimu angaphansi komhlaba ane-Vapor PermeAbility, umthwalo wokunciphisa, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo, ukuqina kwamanzi, isisindo, isisindo. Imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme konke okulinganiselayo (ukuphakama okubonakalayo ngokwenye yezinkomba, njengomthetho, kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwabanye). Ama-mempelision membranes afaka amafilimu ane-Vapor PermeAbility engaphezu kwama-600 g / m² ngamahora angama-24 noma nge-sd esilinganayo se-SD ngaphansi kwe-0.04 m. I-web enamapharamitha aphansi asuswa ngempumelelo umswakama Ukufakelwa, ngaphandle kwegebe lokungena komoya. Ngasikhathi sinye, ekwakhiweni okungaphansi kokungaphansi kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngesithiyo se-vapor kusuka ohlangothini olufakiwe lokufakelwa.
Inani lomthwalo wokuphikisa kanye nokushintshana nge-membrane canvas libonisa amandla okusebenza, okubaluleke kakhulu kwinqubo yokufaka nalapho usebenzisa okuqukethwe njengophahla lwesikhashana.
Ukubona ngeso lengqondo: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Media
Ngesikhathi sekhekhe lekhekhe lophahla, kusetshenziswa amafilimu ezinhlobo ezimbili. I-POOSOLation (kusuka ekufakweni kokufakelwa) kuvikela impahla efaka ukufakwa kanye nokugqwayiza kophahla ngokungena ngokuqondile kokungena komugqa wamanzi kusuka ezakhiweni zendlu. Ama-Memplesion Mempranes (ukusuka ngaphandle kokufakelwa) akhiqiza umusi futhi akhonze ukuvikelwa okungangeni manzi ekuvuselelekeni nakwelinye umswakama kusuka ngaphandle
Lapho ukhetha amafilimu ophahla lwensimbi noma enye indawo ekhaya, etholakala ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu noma ezibandayo zesimo sezulu, kufanelekile ukunaka izinga lokushisa lokusebenza noma ibanga lokushisa lapho kufanele kusebenze khona. Ihlobo elangeni lokushisa komoya ngaphansi kwe-wetal coating lingafinyelela ku-80 ° C, futhi lishiye ngokweqile i-membrane, ikakhulukazi, ligcwele ngokulahleka kwezindawo zomsebenzi.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe ye-UV, i-polyethylene kanye ne-polypropylene, lapho kukhiqizwa khona ama-membranes avame ukukhiqiza, alahlekelwe izimfanelo zawo futhi awe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuze uleveli le nkinga, izithasiselo ezithuthukisiwe zokumelana ne-ultraviolet zethulwa kumafilimu. Umenzi ukhombisa inani lezinsuku noma izinyanga lapho okuqukethwe kungenzeka khona ngaphansi kwethonya eliqondile lokukhanya kwelanga ngaphandle kokulahleka kwezakhiwo eziwusizo.
Umkhandlu
Uma ungabaza ukuthi uwuluphi uhlangothi ulwelwesi ophahleni, futhi yini ekufakweni, ancike ngendwangu ezindebeni futhi acashe kancane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulwelwesi luzobe lufiphala, ngomunye - cha. "Uhlangothi" lwefilimu olungenakufinyeleleka lubekwe ophahleni, futhi "wacabanga" ekufakweni.
I-materproof (manzi, noma ingcindezi engenamanzi) - Amandla we-membranes aguqukayo ukuze ugcine iposi lamanzi futhi lingavuli. Ekusebenzeni, kusetshenziswa amamilimitha wekholamu lamanzi njengeyunithi lokulinganisa. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukunganakwa kwamanzi kwanganini ulwelwesi olusebenzayo kufanele kube cishe yi-1000 mm. Iqiniso lokuthi inkomba iphakeme, ibe ngcono.
Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi eyisisekelo, ulwelwesi lokuphazamiseka luvame ukwenza okwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubeka ifilimu nge-ribbon ehlanganisiwe, ukuhlinzeka ngemichilo ye-hermetic yezindunduma nomunye, akukho ompompiwe abengeziwe abanama-adhesive abadingekayo. Ngenxa yezimfuno ezandayo ekuphepheni komlilo kwezinto zokwakha, amakamelo ane-flame retardant coating ayaqhubeka afunwa. Abasekeli ukushisa, bavimbele ukusakazeka kwelangabi ebusweni kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaconsi avuthayo awela. Ukuze ugcine i-microclimate ethembile ngaphansi kophahla lwendlu, kufanelekile ukubona kuma-thermometers. Ehlobo elishisayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwalo okuhlanganisiwe kukhombisa kuze kube ngu-50% wemisebe ye-thermal yangaphandle kusuka ezintweni ezivuthayo zophahla. Ebusika, bavimbela ngempumelelo ukulahleka kokushisa kusuka kungqimba lokufaka okufaka inhlekelele, kufaka isandla ekunciphiseni izindleko zikagesi.
Imvamisa, umsebenzi wokwakha uyamiswa ngenxa yokubambezeleka ekulethweni kwezinto zophahla noma ukufika kobusika. Ngakho-ke, amanzi angangeni manzi futhi azinze emisebeni ye-UV eguquguqukayo membranes tyvek (DuPont) angasetshenziswa njengophahla lwesikhashana olungafika ezinyangeni ezi-4. Idizayini yophahla imbozwe yi-wembrane Webs, ilungise ama-counterburburst bruses, ukuyilungisa ngaphezulu kwe-rafted, futhi ilinde ukufika kwezinto zokwakha noma ukuphela kwamakhaza. Enye i-nuance: Ukusebenza okujwayelekile, ulwelwesi lwe-deffion lubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela kahle ukuhanjiswa komoya omncane. Lo msebenzi kufanele uxazululwe lapho ufaka, futhi okungcono kakhulu lapho uklama uphahla, ikakhulukazi uma sikhuluma ngophahla oluyinkimbinkimbi olunenombolo enkulu yezimali, ama-ridges, i-Cuckoo, ama-ERKER. Uma kunomoya owenele olawulwa ukujikeleza umoya ophahleni olulula lwe-Sheaf, bese kuba yinkimbinkimbi, njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa izinto ezingeziwe: ama-grids we-venuser, njll.
USergey Samonin
Izinkampani ezimele ukuthengisa kanye nokumaketha izinkampani ze-tyvek Dyvek DuPont
I-Delta-maxx ye-membrane (Dörken) ikwazi ukubamba inani elikhulu lomswakama wokuvuselela, elizohwamuka kancane
Ifilimu le-Delta-Maxx (Dörken) Limelana nebutho elinqabile okungenani okungenani ama-350 n / 5 cm ku-Prod. / Popper. Indlela
Ifilimu le-Delta-Maxx (Dörken) Limelana nebutho elinqabile okungenani okungenani ama-350 n / 5 cm ku-Prod. / Popper. Indlela
Ubukhulu besendlalelo se-tyvek membrane (DuPont) 175-220 microns, okungukuthi, izikhathi ezi-6-8 ezidlula zonke zokwenziwa kwezinto zokwakha ama-multilayer
Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ngokubekwa uphawu okuthembekile kwamasayithi ayinkimbinkimbi nama-apioins
Okungenakuqhathaniswa kwe-vapor kanye nomoya okuhlanganisa nomoya mempranes kuhlinzeka ngamateyipu okufakwayo
Ukuqinisekisa ukuqina okugcwele kwesendlalelo se-membrane eguqukayo, zonke izintambo ze-canvas zisampule ngokufaka iribhoni
Ama-Memplesion Mempbranes
| Ibizo | "Izospan am" | "Membrane for Roofing" | "Membrane I-Super Factima Optima | "ONDUTIS SA115" | Tyvek solid. | I-Isover HB Light |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Umenzi | "Hexa" | Rockwool. | "Tekhnonikol" | "Onntulin" | DuPont. | Saint-Gaben |
| Into uqobo lwayo | I-Polypropylene | I-Polypropylene | I-Polypropylene | I-Polypropylene | I-Polyethylene ephezulu | I-Polypropylene |
| Ipaki i-Regreen ations, G / M² (Amahora angama-24), hhayi ngaphansi | 1550. | 850. | 1000. | 1100. | 683. | 1000. |
| Amandla amakhulu wokunweba ku-Prod. / Popper. indlela N / 5 cm, hhayi ngaphansi | 125/95 | 110/90. | 230/180 | 190/100 | 250/210 | 160/100 |
| Ukususwa kwamanzi, amanzi e-MM. insika akukho ngaphansi | 1000. | 5000. | 2000. | 1000. | 2350. | 1000. |
| Ukuqina kwe-UV, inyanga | 3-4 | 3-4 | okune | okukodwa | okune | okukodwa |
| Usayizi we-roll, m | 1.6 × 22,31 | 1.6 × 70 | 1.5 × 50. | 1.5 × 50. | 1.5 × 50. | 1.5 × 50. |
| Intengo, hlikihla. / Sheers. | 2000. | Ngo-1950. | 5920. | 2910. | 5670. | 3570. |