Izinhlinzeko eziyisisekelo nezincomo ekuhlelweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesiza. Izindawo ezisebenzayo, amathrekhi wedivayisi, amafomu amancane wokwakha.
Uthathe isinqumo esibalulekile: uthenge indawo yezwe futhi uhlose ukufeza iphupho labo elide, wakhe ikhaya lakho. Siyakuhalalisela! Lesi yisibopho esihle kakhulu futhi esisebenzayo, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile kwemali eyimali. Manje kumayelana nokuchazwa okusebenzayo kokukhulelwa.
Yize ubuciko bokwakha nobuciko bokwakha "baqonde" konke nakho konke, kepha-ke, uma ungeyena uchwepheshe kule ndawo, ezinye izincomo eziyisisekelo nezincomo zizoba ngokusobala. Bazosiza ukonga isikhathi, imali, izinzwa, hlukana nesidingo sokulungisa amaphutha acasulayo. Umphumela, uzothola injabulo enkulu emibonweni yethu enengqondo (eade and crazy), efakwe amakhono ezakhiweni ezinhle ne- "Paradise Koshchi". Le ndlela uchungechunge lwezihloko ezinemidwebo, amacebo nemidwebo kufanele usisize.
Vele, kunezinto eziningi ezikhethekile lapho imibuzo enjalo kuxoxwa ngayo ngokuningiliziwe. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinzuzo zenzelwe ikakhulu labo abazopenda ukomela ukwakha indlu elula yezwe ebuhlungu, yelula ukusetshenziswa kwamaphupho abo iminyaka. Kepha ngemuva kwakho konke, umuntu wesimanje webhizinisi akukude ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi esanele futhi afisa ngisho nokufunda lezi zincwajana nezincwadi!
Abahlakaniphileyo beqiniso bathi kuyadingeka ukulungiselela ukuklama izixazululo isikhathi eside futhi kubiza kakhulu (kubiza kakhulu, cishe i-0.1 kusuka ezindlekweni zokwakha), kepha kuzokwazi ukwakha ngokushesha futhi kube okushibhile (okushibhile (okushibhile (okushibhile (okushibhile (okushibhile (okushibhile (okushibhile). Akunakwenzeka ukungawunaki lowo mbono nokwakha izindleko zesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nokuxhashazwa kwendlu isikhathi eside futhi kuyabiza. Omunye u-U. Cherchil uqaphele ukuthi ekuqaleni sakha ukwakhiwa (ikhaya lethu), bese wakhe izimpilo zethu.
Ngakho-ke, ngazama ukukukholisa ukuba ngiqale ukuthuthuka nokwenza ngcono izindlu ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwephrojekthi nolwazi lwezinto ezithile eziyisisekelo zebhizinisi lezokwakha nezokwakha.
Umklami wamacala wamashumi amabili nantathu, uthisha omkhulu (umFrance waseSwitzerland umsuka uCharles Edward Jeanner) uchaze indlu ngokuthi "yimoto esebenzela izindlu." Wonke umuntu ufuna ukwakha indawo yokuhlala maqondana nemikhuba yawo (kwesinye isikhathi agxuma). Kepha yini engenza ngokweqiniso emehlweni ajwayelekile ajwayelekile?
Inhloso yochungechunge lwezincwadi ezihlongozwayo ukuhlinzeka ngendlela ecindezelwe kakhulu yolwazi oluyisisekelo oluyisisekelo mayelana nokuhlela kanye nokwenza ngcono indawo ye-facade yendlu, mayelana nokuheha ubuhle bokubukwa kwe Ukwakhiwa kanye nezangaphakathi, ubudlelwano obulungile bendawo, ubukhulu bezakhiwo, kanye nezincomo kwizixazululo ezakhayo nemishini yobunjiniyela. Konke lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ngokwezifiso nangokomnotho, ukunciphisa izindleko zomsebenzi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, uthuthukise ikhwalithi yokusebenza yokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezinde, ngaphandle kokuguqukela ekushintsheni. Ukuphoqelela lokho, ukuthi ngeke kududuze kangakanani futhi induduzo izokwazi ukuyixazulula kanjani endlini ngemfudumalo engokomoya futhi ivuke kuwe uthando lwakho lokuhlala kwakho!
Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ngesiza sokuthuthuka kwaso.
Inhlangano enengqondo nesakhiwo sesakhiwo somhlaba esincane sibandakanya ukuhlukaniswa kwaso kwizindawo ezisebenzayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo nezinhlaka kubalulekile ukuthi ezinye izinto (izingxenye) azicindezeli abanye ngobukhulu bayo noma obukhulu.
Iziphakamiso zethu nezibonelo akufanele ziqondwe njengezindlela zokupheka ezenziwe ngomumo, azikwazi ukubheka zonke izinkomba futhi zingasebenza kuphela njengesiqondiso ekusesheni kokudala izixazululo zangempela, ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lonke ikhaya necebo, njengomndeni wonke, ehlukile.
Ungaqala kuphi? Uzokhungatheka ngesifiso sokuthatha icala kunalokho, nangobusuku obulandelayo (noma ngeSonto ekuseni, noma ...) Uqoqa umkhandlu omkhulu womndeni. Kuzofanela sixoxe ngokuthi hlobo luni lwamakilasi futhi uphumule ukhetha amalungu omndeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, inhlangano yendlu nendawo okuzoba khona. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi asebekhulile bayofuna ukuchitha ukuzilibazisa kwabo engadini nasengadini. Abanye bazokhetha iholide nje elingesikhathi esisha ngomoya omusha, okusho ukuthi badinga utshani obuhle obuluhlaza, izimbali, amathala anomthunzi, i-arc, njll. Intsha nezingane zivame ukukhetha ukuphumula okusebenzayo, iphupho lomhlaba wezemidlalo, indawo yemidlalo yangaphandle, ama-kebabs, njll. Yonke le mibuzo futhi kufanele kuxoxwe ngayo.
Isakhiwo sakho sizoba semsebenzini. Isakhiwo saso kufanele kube uhlelo olucatshangwe kahle lapho kusetshenziswa khona ukusetshenziswa nobuhle kuhlobene futhi kuhambisane nalo. I-Yipri Lokhu akunakuthintwa yizintshisekelo zanoma ngubani kusuka kumalungu omndeni.
Ungumnikazi wesakhiwo se-6-10 nangaphezulu ngaphesheya. Akukubi uma kuyingxenye yendawo ethile ehlanganyelwe, futhi kuhlinzekwa indawo elula esizeni, ekhaya kanye nokugcina izindlu, kanye ne-Street Layout, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwendle kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwegesi okuxhumanisa amanethiwekhi akhona wobunjiniyela . Kodwa-ke, uma amathuluzi evumela, ukusekelwa kobunjiniyela ozimele kwendlu kunganikeza inkululeko nezinzuzo eziningi.
Insimu yendawo kufanele ibe nokukhetha okuthile (mhlawumbe endleleni). Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu kufanele ihlelwe ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo ezintathu ezinemibandela:
- Indawo yokuhlala, nekhaya, indlela ye-Parade, utshani, imibhede yezimbali, indawo yezemidlalo, ichibi lokuhlobisa, njll.;
- Indawo engadini nengadi- nge greenhouse noma ukushisa, njll;
- Kwezomnotho- nge-hozblock, indlu yokugezela ye-sauna negumbi lokugezela (uma engekho endlini), umqoqi kadoti, njll.
Isakhiwo sokuhlala esizeni, njengomthetho, faka "ubuso" (i-facade enkulu) endleleni futhi ngokuhambisana nalo, ngokuhambisana okungenani ne-5M, futhi kusukela emingceleni eseceleni - 3M. Ibanga phakathi kwezindlu ezingomakhelwane okungenani i-12M (AMEZHDA SLAMPLBED - 15M). Esigabeni esincane, indlu kufanele ibekwe eduze komngcele oseceleni, ohlangothini lwesithunzi esiwela khona (ngemuva kwakho konke, kulapho ilanga libe ngcono khona, okungcono ukuvuna). Ngasikhathi sinye, enye yezidingo eziphambili ihlala iyindawo elula nokuhlelwa kwendlu okuhlobene nezindawo ezintathu ezisebenzayo zesiza esihlobene nalawo abhalwe ngenhla.
Ngaphezu komnyango omkhulu ovela emgwaqweni, kuyadingeka ukuba ube nendlela yokuphuma (okungcono kusuka ku-veranda) ngqo ngakwengadi nasengadini, kanye nendlela elula e-Khozon, okungcono etholakala ekujuleni kwe isiza. I-Nozpostroy yakhelwe ngokuhlukana okuhlukile, noma (inketho elula) iyaziwa, futhi ingavinjwa ngomakhelwane. Nakhu okusebenzayo ukubeka i-Metal Mesh Mesh Mesh egeleza pad yezinyoni noma onogwaja uma uzozala.
Amagalaji ahlukane ngokwahlukana futhi abheke umugqa womgwaqo, kepha ayanda ukwakha isakhiwo esiseduze nodonga olusemuva. Akunangozi futhi akubi yingozi (lokhu okuqinisekisa ukukwenza kwezwe) Beka igaraji ngqo engxenyeni ejulile yendlu, ngaphansi kwesitezi sokuqala.
Lapho ubeka indawo yengadi, ungakhohlwa ngamathrekhi anethezekile ukusuka endlini kuya kuma-grokelels (ububanzi bethrekhi ngu-0.4-0.6 m). Eduze ne-irision hose pipeline, nemithombo ethwala amanzi ethwala amanzi kungenzeka.
Izilimo zemifino nama-sitrobheli atshalwe ngemibhede engcono ukuba nezinhlobo ezisuka enyakatho ziye eningizimu (ngokushisa okufanayo yilanga). Indawo yesiko ngalinye ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele iguqulwe - Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezakhi zomzimba enhlabathini futhi kuvikele izitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifo. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi umakhelwane kanye nokushintshwa kwamasiko ahlukene kungaba wusizo futhi kube yingozi (kunezincwadi ezikhethekile ngalesi sihloko).
Esizeni kungakuhle ukwaba ukwaba imibhede yomuntu ngamunye ezocubungulwa yizingane. Nikeza izingane indawo engcono kakhulu (impumelelo yokuqala ibalulekile), yokusungula engadini edingekayo.
Isakhiwo esibhalwe phansi, kufanele sizame ukuze ngemuva kwezimvula ezinamandla noma ukuncibilika kweqhwa ngaphambi kokufakwa futhi kumathrekhi aphambili akwazanga ukungcola, ukungcola kungaveli. Masisho ngokushesha ukuthi kungakuhle ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi umuntu ongena endlini wedlula ekutshaleni okuluhlaza, utshani obunezimbali. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa umbono wendlu, kodwa futhi kuvikele nasemkhaleni nothuli emigwaqweni, kufihla ekubukeni okungafuneki kwangaphandle.
Akuwona wonke amathrekhi kumele aqonde (ngaphandle kwenhlabathi phakathi kwemibhede). Amathrekhi amathrekhi aqala ngokususa ungqimba wemifino wenhlabathi ecishe abe ngu-15 cm kanye nama-backbuts we "Slag" e-Porsed ane-porous (slag, imfucumfucu, izitini eziphukile, amatshe anesihlabathi . Ungqimba oluphezulu lungakhiwa izitini, amatshe noma ama-slabs kakhonkolo asayizi ahlukene (kusuka ku-60 kuya ku-6060 cm, 3-6 cm ubukhulu). Kuyadingeka ukulenza i-humpback kancane - ukugeleza kwamanzi - bese ufaka ungqimba olulungiselelwe ngaphambi kokhonkolo (ukwakheka kwe-1: 1: 10: Ibanga le-400; ubumba noma amatshe amancane; isihlabathi noma amatshe amancane; isihlabathi). Ungqimba olungenhla kufanele lukhuphuke ngaphezu komhlaba ngo-3-5 cm.
Amathrekhi avame ukuqiniswa umngcele (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka esitini esisethweni elide ende). Imiphetho ye-paving ayidingeki ukulayisha, amapuleti angafakwa ngokukhululeka futhi ngisho nezikhala ezincane otshanini, kuzoba lula kakhulu, futhi amanzi kuzoba lula ukungena emhlabathini. Umnyango wegaraji futhi ipulatifomu yemoto kufanele yenziwe ngokuya ngokulungiselela okufanele, ngokwesibonelo, amatshe ngokhonkolo wokuthulula. Ukuvimbela imifantu, kulandela imitha ukuhlela izikhala. Kepha kungcono ukwakha umnyango ngohlobo lokubandlulula kwamapuleti kakhonkolo angu-3-5 (afanele kanye namamitha ajwayelekile ajwayelekile ajwayelekile ajwayelekile, amaphutha agcwele ngesihlabathi).
Amathrekhi abunjiwe, amathala avulekile, umpheme ungafakwa iphethini, nokufakwa kwamathayili anezinkonzo kanye nemabula (Breccia), kodwa kuzo zonke izimo kufanele kube nendawo enomoya ukuze ingashayi phansi emvuleni noma ehlane.
Uma insimu inethambeka ebaluleke kakhulu, kufanele ihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezihlukene ukuphakama. Ukwakheka okukhangayo kakhulu kwesiza nezakhiwo kungatholakala. Ngaphakathi kwamaconsi, lapho ukukhetha kwendawo kudlula khona ngo-10-15 (I.E., 1 m ubude banda ngo-10-15 cm), izitebhisi ezivulekile kufanele zakhiwe (ngesinye isikhathi kusuka ku-3-5 izinyathelo). Ihlotshiswe ngamatshe amahle amatshe, izitshalo nokukhanyisa okucabangayo, izitebhisi ziba yinto ebalulekile yokwakhiwa komhlaba. Kukuphakama okunengqondo ngokwengeziwe nobubanzi bezinyathelo (I.E., ukuthambeka kwezitebhisi) kuzokhuluma lapho kucatshangelwa iphrojekthi ethile yendlu.
Thuthukisa ukuthuthuka, ukuvuselela i-plot kuzosiza amafomu amancane wokwakha: i-gazebo, i-pergola, i-sandbox, amabhentshi, ifenisha yengadi egcinayo, ingxenye yayo engenziwa mathupha.
I-Gazebo (ishadiwe ngokhuni eyenziwe ngama-racks, ama-beams, ama-rafalines cross Isigaba 510, 515cm), abanjwe amagilebhisi asendle noma i-hop, ngokwesikwele (ubungako be-22m, ukuze umbhede (usayizi omncane. Ngasikhathi sinye kunamafutha futhi ethokomele. Ukuphakama kusuka phansi kuya kuhhazu wophahla - 2.2-2.5m. Ukufaka okuvulekile kunezinyathelo ezi-2-3. Uphahla (ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiselo esiphakeme, esimbozwe ngamathayili akhanyayo) singagcina ngokuphumelelayo nge-vapor kusuka kubha yensimbi egobile egobile kanye nocezu lwensimbi yamaqabunga.
I-Pergola iyindlela engasindi yokhuni yemigqa emibili yama-racks vertical (1010; 1015cm) exhunywe endaweni ephakeme engama-220-20cm amadeli amade ende (510; Inika isithunzi esikhanyayo, umphumela wokuba sodwa, ingasetshenziswa njengento yobulungu bendawo yesayithi noma njengesixhumanisi (ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwendlu nendawo yokuphumula).
Zonke izinhlaka zokhuni zamafomu amancane kufanele zicutshungulwe yi-antiseptic ngaphambi kokufakwa. Kuhle ukuwahlukanisa ngokwakheka okunjalo okungafihli ukuthungwa kwemvelo kwezinkuni (ngokwesibonelo, iPenotchaks). Ukubekwa okusebenzayo okuzungeze indlu yamatshe amakhulu (kusuka ekuphakameni okungu-1-2m), amafomu okuhlobisa ama-ceramic (i-Vaz, amafomethi), ama-sculptics wokhuni.
Imizimba yamanzi encane yokufakelwa kanye namachibi okubhukuda ihlotshiswe kakhulu, kepha ngalokhu- Kukhona izingxenye ezisobala zomagazini wethu.
Amanzi amaningi esizeni kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu. Ukususwa komswakama wasemkhathini (amaqembu, ukuncibilika kweqhwa) ngomthambeka omncane kungenziwa ngenxa yemithi engajulile ezungeze umkhawulo wensimu. Njengoba kunezinga eliphakeme lokuma kwamanzi avikelwe phansi, i-drainage evaliwe yinethiwekhi yeziteshi ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukuqoqa nokususa umswakama owedlulele kusuka esizeni, ngokwesibonelo, emgodini oseceleni komgwaqo. Kulokhu, eyodwa (kwesinye isikhathi ezimbili zendlu zibekwe) Isiteshi esikhulu esinomthambeka ongekho ngaphezulu kwe-1 cm yamapayipi angu-2M. Kunomugqa wehlangothi, equkethe amapayipi we-asbestos-cement noma ama-ceramic anobubanzi obungu-100mm, ezindongeni zazo izimbobo ze-drill nge-15-20mm. Ungasebenzisa lokhuni (futhi nezimbobo) noma amabhokisi ezitini (kuhluma phakathi kwezitini ngo-20- 40mm). Amapayipi namabhokisi atholakala ezansi kwemisele esisekelweni seRubble, futhi ngaphezulu alala ngosayizi we-chabble of nombolo 50mm; I-twig ibekwe ngaphezulu kwemfucumfucu enobukhulu obungu-50-80mm; Lapho-ke imisele ilele ngenhlabathi, engathathwa.
Uma amapayipi agcwalisa ngokushesha inhlabathi, khona-ke izimbobo ezikuzo maduze zizohudula, futhi ukuqoqwa kwamanzi kuzoma. Ukujula kwe-drainage kumele kube: ngaphansi kwengadi, hhayi ngaphansi kwe-0,6 m, ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezithelo 1.0 m.
Kumacala ambalwa abuyindisi (ngokwesibonelo, i-cuvette, ichibi ngakolunye uhlangothi lomgwaqo, kanye nalapho ebeka khona uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi), ungadinga idivaysi yamaphampu okupompa, ukubuka imithombo kanye nama-Septicles. Izimo zeWatih zidinga usizo lochwepheshe abafanelekayo kanye nephrojekthi ehlukile yokuxhumana yobunjiniyela.
Ngemuva kombuzo mayelana nokuhlelwa kanye nenhlala-kahle yesayithi, kufanele kuxoxwe ngephrojekthi yendlu. Kepha sizokhuluma ngakho emakamelweni alandelayo.