The scene is called a path with a concrete, asphalt or other waterproof coating, laid around the perimeter of the house close to the walls and intended for protecting the foundation from rain and melting water. We will tell about the various versions of its construction and consider mistakes that contract firms often admit.
It is desirable that the celestone harmonize with the basement, gardening alleys and tracks
On the slopes, reliable scene prevents the blurring and slipping of the soil
Paving slabs made of concoct painted in time sometimes loses aesthetics
A qualitatively performed cesspost significantly reduces the humidity of the soil near the foundation, slowing down, thus corrosion of reinforcement and reducing frosty powder. The "ground roof" especially need floating tapes, the sole of which is located above the depth of the freezing. The slab and pile bases are more stable, but excess moisture still adversely affects their service life, besides, water often enters underground, causing rotting beams and black flooring.
Photo: Bitumast.
High-quality high-quality cements and dry mixtures, hydrophobizers, and in the cold season - antiorrusive and other additives will help to achieve success in the construction of reinforced concrete gentlemen.
The scene helps extend the life of the house, but it is impossible to exaggerate her capabilities. So, it is not able to prevent spring flooding poorly waterproof cellar or basement, stop sedimentary processes and reduce frosty soil.
Fundamental rules
Begin to the construction of the scene around the house follows one year or two after the end of the construction of the box at home, when the initial shrinkage of the foundation is completed. The track in no way should be placed above the waterproofing layer separating the foundation and wall, and to give up the width of the roof on the width of the roof.The scene must be given a bias from home at least 5% (that is, 5 cm with a width of 1 m). Border stones are plugged so that they do not rise above the coating and did not delay the water. If the track is pedestrian, it is better to expand it at least up to 110 cm and not to plant the bushes close to it.
Under favorable conditions (non-empty soil, a small amount of precipitation, an elevated place) can be made of an unintent (about 80 cm) of a break, choosing the simplest way - to lay concrete paving slabs on the sand layer with a thickness of 8-10 cm. However, during the rain flows from the drainage system pipes Quickly wash such a track, so it is necessary to provide a removal of water from the roof in linear drainage trays or point tape recorders of storm sewage.
5 tips on the device of concrete breakdown
- Treatment powders and pastes should not be added to concrete: in the absence of vibropressing, they significantly reduce the strength of the coating.
- The grid or single-level frame of the bar is placed on the stand so that the reinforcement is located approximately in the middle of the thickness of the concrete layer.
- To prepare concrete, it is better to use crushed (ideally - granite) crushed stone 5-20 mm fraction; The worst option is the river pebble with an admixture of clay.
- So that the coating does not dry and do not lose strength, it is necessary to cover it in the heat with a pergamine or polyethylene film.
- It is desirable to improve the properties of concrete by adding plasticizing additives, and when it hardens, treat the surface with a hydrophobizer. Sometimes builders are recommended to perform such a break in the middle lane of Russia, and on problem soils. At the same time, the paving is led by the earth, digging in the clay "KORITS" for a sandy pillow. In rainy weather, it is filled with moisture, leaning through the gaps between the tiles. There is nothing to say that such a deficiency rather harms the foundation of the house.
In most regions of our country, along the foundation, it is required to equip the strip with waterproof (without gaps) with a width of at least 100 cm wide, and it should be raised above the soil by 10-30 cm, smoothding the drop drop with the weld of the row.
If you slow down with the device, the ribbon of the belt foundation will decrease, and cracks may appear in the house walls.
The scene from the asphalt crumb on the sand layer will cost cheap (from 1400 rubles / m2, taking into account the work), but it is unlikely to decorate the house and plot.
Much pinestone looks like natural sandstone-limestone
Skruce from blocks
Concrete tile
The cost of thin (25-40 mm) stone coatings laid on the sand starts from 1700 rubles / m2, on a reinforced sand-cement screed - from 2200 rubles / m2. Scene from a paving slabs laid on a dry mix, sand or small gravel, beautiful and long-eternal, but its price is not a 3200 rubles / m2
Monolithic reinforced concrete
By the ratio of price and reliability, the optimal variant of the breakfast is made of monolithic reinforced concrete on a sandy-gravel pillow. The order of its device is most often as follows. At first, along the foundation, the fertile layer of soil is removed and set a milking formwork with a height of 15-30 cm, then 10-12 cm of rubble or pebble fraction 20-40 mm and 8-10 cm of coarse sand are poured; Pillow thoroughly tram. Some experts consider it appropriate to separate the pillow from the soil geotextile (which prevents the grading of sandbravia) or even use geotextiles to separate all the layers of the road cake. On top of the pillow pour at least 8 cm of heavy concrete, reinforcing it with a road grid, and better - with a lattice frame from the rod (the quality of concrete will increase significantly if you prepare it using an electrical mixer). After about a day, a thin (2-7 cm) is laid a bias-forming layer of the cement-sandy solution of the brand not lower than M150 or concrete with a fine-flow filler.Start work later than August without the use of additives for concrete risky - in the case of early freezers, the coating will not have time to gain strength.
Despite the reinforcement, the concrete slaughterhouse is often cracking. The fact is that during the autumn rains, a sand-gravel pillow and a soil under it are saturated with water, in the winter are extended, and the spring coating is unevenly plastered. To prevent the formation of cracks, sometimes concrete canvas are divided into fragments using a non-coordinate formwork (for example, from leaf plastic). Alas, the result usually does not justify the expectations, as the plates begin to "walk", and the level changes are formed between them, and a wide gap appears near the foundation. A much more effective measure is the installation along the scene of the linear drainage trays with a water removal into a special well, a cuvette or a shower.
Repair work
You should not try to hide cracks on the breakfast, close to them with a solution, pouring the thin layer of concrete from above or laying the paving slabs. The minimum permissible thickness of the repair concrete coating is 6 cm, and it must be reinforced, and the gap along the foundation is embedded using the injection waterproofing technology, such as a cement-polymer mixture. During the repair, it is advisable to warm the soil at least thin (5-10 mm) layer of polyethylene foam, placed on top of the old gentlestation. If the concrete is completely covered with a network of wide cracks, it is better to completely dismantle the coating and lay a new one.
Today, the cost of the device of concrete glands (work + materials) - from 1600 rubles. for 1 m2. To give the track decorativeness, on top you can put the paving slabs on the cement glue, but the costs will increase by 1.5-2 times. Before starting to lay the finish coating, it makes sense to wait a year or two and make sure that the concrete does not crack.
Concrete replacement with a more plastic asphalt reduces the likelihood of cracking, but with small volumes, these work often costs more than concrete, moreover, the first 2-3 years, and the smell of bitumen comes longer from asphalt.
The scene from the paving slabs laid on a dry cement-sand mixture, waterproof and, while compliance with technology, rarely gives cracks, but costs at least 2 times more expensive concrete.
If, as a result of the shrinkage of the house or soil, the scene has acquired a bias to the foundation, it is necessary to urgently carry out its repair or reconstruction
When building a concrete breakdown to set the desired bias from the house, the formwork is assumed by the level
Before the fill of the concrete, it is important to shed and catch the sand and gravel and put the reinforcement grid, raising it above the pillow level
Do not forget to mount under the spouts of roofing drain dotted receivers of the drainage system
Insulated Otzhestka
Significantly reduce the seasonal movements of a fine-gulled belt basement on the problem ground will allow the insulation of the insulation. With its construction, the plates of extruded polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam with a thickness of 25 mm are laid on the sand-breaker cushion. You can also reflect a polyurethane foam from a special installation. On top of the insulation, a heavy concrete is poured, reinforcing its road grid.The insulation and waterproof strip 1.2 m wide will protect the reinforced concrete ribbon from moisture and in the middle lane of Russia much will reduce the risk of ground freezing under the sole of floating basement. Unfortunately, the probability of movement and cracking of the scene itself is preserved, since the soil freezes not only in the vertical, but also in the horizontal direction.
Options for devices SCHOODSKI
1 - crushed stone; 2 - sand; 3 - reinforced concrete; 4 - Pescograbvy; 5 is a slide screed; 6 - drainage tray; 7 - curb stone; 8 - geotextile; 9 - styrene polypleas; 10 - gravel screening; 11 - cement-sand mix; 12 - Tile