Down with durable!

Construction of a building with a total area of ​​262 m2 on the technology of pre-facaded panel-frame wooden houses. Description of phased works.

Familiar from childhood Picture - "soar" in the air panel

Outdoor Sandwich - Wall Panel Wall

Mounting lugs and holes for rhy-bolts on top of wall panels

Holes for sockets and switches with pre-laid under the covering of the mounting "twine"

The upward zone of the panels on which the roof is based on, make "nests", and glued in them

"Labyrinth" seal on the side surface

The mounting pocket is covered with OSP stove

The perimeter of the first floor turns out to be closed in 5 hours after the start of work

Installing the temporary staircase

Nested in the "nests" of the panels of the bar in the deposit zones relies on the control of the columns

To the heads of the screws along with the washers do not rise above the floor level, they are interinted in cut out deepening

On the slab overlapping the balcony, the waterproofing material has been pasted at the factory. His releases are settled on conjugates with a balcony design

For the installation of ventilation channels and chimels in two plates left openings. Outdoor side surfaces plates are protected from moisture with polyethylene film

In addition, the stages of installation of the walls of the second floor are no different from the mounting stages of the first: first the external and internal bearing walls, then in special grooves of these walls "insert" non-vacant partitions

The central wall of the second floor is increasing at the expense of the plate-upstarts with a height of about 1.5m. Drades of the parties are adjacent to the triangular plates of frontones. This "floor" builders conventionally called the third

The plate and triangular frontones of the third floor are bonded between themselves and with the walls of the second floor with the help of screws installed in the mounting pockets along the edges of the plates

Upper "nests" panels - advanced and in cutouts of triangular fronttones are inserted with glued bars, which strengthen the design, and serve as a reliable support for the roof panels

The glued bars attach to the walls of the walls with long, flashing them through self-drawing

The design of roofing plates is the same as the slabs of the overlap: the frame with laid inside it insulation (230mm). The difference is that the ends of the plates that will become sinks are not insulated and covered with brown protective and decorative composition. Complied, forming roof editions over the frontones, the insulation is laid only in the part that will be above the room. Applite over the balcony is not insulated at all

To attach the roof plate to the glued to the bruus, use the screws with a length of 360mm

After completing the build of the house, the facades and laying of the tiles begin

The ends of the interhesive floors are closed with foam, and then shuffled

Included places to the facade fasten "thermal" panels

The entrance to the house and the scene is covered by a paralower, which is placed on the reinforced Mesh concrete

Floor plan

Plan of the second floor

It is no secret that quickly we know how to build a small garden houses. The construction of a house for permanent residence is usually stretched at least for a year, or even two. While will be erected while they are separated ... If you are interested in technologies for which this process takes 2-3 days, then our article is for you.

The panels are delivered to the construction site by trailers - they are tightly closed awesome, which are securely protected on the road from rain, dirt and dust, as you, dear reader, and I really liked you to watch at home as a child. First bricks: you do not have time to look back - and a five-story building is erected for a year. I was the same: it is necessary how fast! Then there were panel houses. True, by that time, it was once again for a long time to look at construction, but on the way to work and back the edge of the eye managed to notice: "Wow, the house has grown over the week." Injury, delay a couple of minutes to admire. Here the crane was removed from the truck the panel with the windows in it in it, and she began his smooth takeoff. Here are the installers (no longer just builders) sealed it as an ants, and sparkled immediately in several places. People quickly appeared and as quickly disappeared in the depths of the house, and the panel took its place. The panel behind the panel, the floor behind the floor - and through several miscalculations on the former wasteland rose a new nine-statement. I looked at it and thought: "Yes, probably, such a speed of construction is just the limit of dreams ..." And in general, it was not mistaken: there were technologies for the construction of buildings from monolithic concrete, under which it became possible to build houses of the most bizarre form The pace of construction has not increased. Yes, and the entertainment in the process itself was very difficult - the taja-raised by the crane with concrete does not go to any comparison with the panel to go down.

Originally from childhood

Probably the one who invented the construction technology, which we want to tell, also once loved to watch the "flying" panels. After all, all the elements of the most entertainment "from childhood" are present here: here the panel flew off from the car platform, smoothly floated to the built-up structure and, having hung over it for some time, sank to the designated place ... Only welding after its landing does not sparkle, because The panel is not reinforced concrete, but on a wooden frame.

The construction of prefabricated panel-frame wooden houses from elements of full factory readiness is a new technology for our country. But it is not worth sharing, thinking that finally the domestic manufacturers made a revolution in construction and are now on the whole step "ahead of the planet of the whole" (no matter how much we want). The production of frame-type houses in Europe arose about 50 years ago, and then developed all over the world. Such buildings have long false residents of Canada, USA (including Alaska), Norway, Finland, Germany IT.D. In view - modern panel-frame houses are not only not inferior to wooden or, for example, brick, but in something even exceed them. It should be noted that the technology of creating (more precisely, production) panel-frame houses are constantly being improved. This is due to the appearance of new equipment for the manufacture of panels themselves, as well as the use of the latest materials, such as glued wood, and effective insulation. Finally, one of these new German technologies has been successfully implemented in the Russian market.

1, 2. Special attention is paid to the accuracy of installing the first panel. Its external plane is put forward by the edge of the foundation on 65mm - the thickness of the outer sheat. This will prevent the rainwater for the foundation

3, 4, 5, 6, 7. To the foundation, the panel is fixed with metal corners. Initially, the corner is attached with a screw to the panel, and then to concrete: drilled hole and clog the pad anchor. Fastening step - about 1 m

8. During the mounting of the panel to the foundation, it is held in a vertical position of crane pins. After a thorough alignment by vertical, it is fixed in this position using an adjustable metal pan. It is also at first fasten with self-draws to the panel, and then a dowel to the concrete plate. Now the crane involve to install and consolidate the second panel, after which the pitch can be removed

9, 10, 11. Installing the second panel. After alignment relative to the edge of the foundation, as well as the first panel, it is attached to the first screws: one in the upper zone, the second in the lower. At the same time, they are screwed up so that the pucks sublated under the heads of the pucks, "drowned" in the polystyrene layer, rested into a solid frame

12. To securely connect the panels, in addition to the two mains, four additional self-pressing are required. They are installed in the mounting side pockets - they are easily flashing by Minvatu, tagging the frames

How it's done

Bolshnaya (up to 12m) Wooden glued wood structures produced a HAUS-KONZEPT plant "Commonwealth" (Russia). It is equipped with high-tech equipment Weinmann Concern Homag and Weinig-AG Groups, whose work is managed by SEMA software (all - Germany). The manufacture of panels in the workshop conditions allows you to achieve a high accuracy of the size, which provides a significant installation speed and reducing the cost of the inner decoration of the premises. In addition, the assembled house is endowed with many advantages: it turns out to be environmentally friendly, warm and economical in operation, since it has high heat-saving characteristics.

Of course, the panels can not do directly according to the sketches of the customer. The beginning of production is necessarily preceded by a project that prepares the design bureau of the company: Floor plans, facades, as well as the necessary cuts of houses with dimensions and high-altitude stamps. According to them, you develop a detailed specification of materials and working design documentation, and also create processing programs for CNC machines (with each part assign the code, according to which it is automatically labeled in the manufacture). In general, the software manages all stages of work until drawing up the network schedule.

The company's design bureau has already created more than 25 projects of houses. We chose one (conditional name - "2-18", the total area is 262.1m2) and traced for its construction. The company's installers raised this house in one of the villages near Moscow.

If such a rich choice of finished houses does not satisfy the customer, an individual project can be developed. Its cost will be 270-1200rub. For the so-called "present square meter" area of ​​the house (this value takes into account residential and non-residential meters, the area of ​​balconies, loggias, terraces IT.D.).

Design panels

Plane with a glazed door - on the project here exit to the terrace Wall panels. Their frame is made of glued bars with a cross section of 18060mm mounted in 625mm increments. The lower horizontal frame of the frame is processed by the biolated composition. Mineral wool mineral wool plates (Denmark) of the total thickness of 180mm are laid between vertical frame racks. The sides of the insulation is closed oriented in a chipboard (OSB-3) with a thickness of 12mm, on which a vapor insulation polyethylene film is fixed, and on top of the gypsum drywall with a thickness of 12.5 mm. The overseas side of the insulation is covered with an OSP plate with polystyrene foam slabs (40mm) pasted on it, which are plastered on a plastic grid with 6x 6mm cells. When finishing a house on top of this layer, structural plaster is applied, it is painted with facade paint. It is worth noting that on the project some wall panels are partially or even completely devoid of a layer of expanded polystyrene. Waich places with an external finish of the house set the so-called "thermal" panels - plates of polystyrene foam with already pasted "tiles" simulating brickwork.

Panels of partitions are simply inserted into technological grooves in the carrier moans, this is not all that should be told about the design of wall panels. They arrive at the construction site with pre-installed windows made of glued wood and equipped with two-chamber glass windows. Window slopes both with outdoor, and from the inside almost completely decorated - it remains only to install the windowsill corresponding to the intended interior of the future at home. The entrance door is also mounted in advance. True, she is a shield, temporary - the owners simply change it to the steel. Interior doors are absent - there are only openings under them in the panels. These doors home owners will also be installed later. Alerts of the panels, which when assembling roofing plates are based on, there is a special groove. Innode glued with a glued timber with a cross section of 250180mm - it assumes the load from the roofing plates, evenly redistributes it and transmits the frames of the walls. The same zone - large panels, to which, during the manufacture, attached the assembly paintings by self-drawing (tap slings for them); After installation in place they are removed. Extracted panels under the crossbar of the frame there is a metal mortgage element, into which the ryy-bolt is screwed before installation (the hole is drilled in the frame under it), and then unscrew it.

The accuracy of the installation of panels is controlled, measuring the diagonal of the sides of the panels in the inner trim, the technological grooves are left - the so-called pockets through which the panels are bonded with each other using self-samples. At the time of traveling panels from the plant to the construction site, these pockets are covered with rectangles from OSP-slabs (sometimes they are nailed to the stove near the pocket) - during installation they are removed, and after installing and bonding panels, they are rebounded with each other again. Later, the plates in the pockets zone are closed by sheets of "GyroC". In addition, the side ends of the slabs, joined in length, are made in such a way that the external and internal sheatting of one slab flickering on the sheathing other, creating a "labyrinth", protecting the joint from purging and rain.

Such a detail is worthy: in the inner lining of the panels, holes for installing sockets and switches are made in advance. The sediment (in the insulation) is laid by the "twine", with the help of which the corrugated tube with copper conductors and self-tapping PVC insulation is laid to these holes.

Having a frame (similar wall) design of the ceiling of the first floor based on the carriers of the outer and inner walls and powerful glued beams. They are fixed with self-tapping screws 360mm. Holes for the self-tapping screw in the required quantity are drilled in advance in the places defined projects still at the factory

Overlapping panels. The design of their wooden frame is almost the same as the wall panels, only the section of the bar is 23060mm. Insulation in overlaps, since it does not experience the load, laid less dense - URSA V-15 (Russia) with a total thickness of 120mm. From above on the oscillation frame of 12 mm thick. From the bottom the insulation hold the shell boards with a cross section of 8520mm, installed in a step of 400mm. In the form of the panel hits the construction site where it is mounted. The collected design of the house to it is reduced to it below the vapor insulation membrane and the sheets of "gypsum" with a thickness of 12.5 mm. On the top of the OSP plate laid the pipes of heating and water supply and covered with a polystyrene foam 50mm thick. On top it is placed with a waterproofing film with a thickness of 0.2 mm and poured the reinforced with a metal mesh with cells 100x 100mm cement screed with a thickness of 60mm. Similarly arrange the floor on the first floor.

The first wall of the second floor is installed almost the same as the initial wall of the first. At first, they are fixed with a pier and corners, only do not use dowels, but screws. Then it fixed one of its edge of the triangular frontones of the one-storey part of the house, and the other is perpendicularly located the second wall. So formed a rigid design

Roofing panels. According to the design, they are not much different from the overlap panels. The difference is that the layer of the insulation here is much thicker - 230mm. In addition, on the OSP plate on top of the on-use waterproofing membrane "Yutaplek 135" (Juta, Czech Republic), which has editions of the edges of the plate, which after installation will be headed for adjacent structures to create a solid carpet. The membrane to the OSP plate is pressed by boards a counterbalance segment of 9035mm; Their thickness determines the magnitude of the future of the ventilation. Perpendicular to the counterclaim is nailed the doomlet of the same section with a step corresponding to the selected roofing material. When finished to the panels, the paрарозоляция film and "gypsum" are laid. Such a design of panels provides stable thermal characteristics of the house built at any time of the year: it remains warm for a long time (for example, when the heating is disconnected, the temperature decreases on average for 2 s per day), and in hot weather it is cool.

Inacontal, the most interesting question for the reader: how much does it cost? The factory price of the set of parts is from 11 300 rubles. For the specified square meter of the square. The cost of the assembled and trimmed house is significantly higher - from 24 500 rubles. For the same unit of Square (at the expense of transport and other expenses).

Achto under the house?

The foundation of the house combined. At first, the trenches were digging and at the bottom staged a sandy (150mm), and then gravel (150mm) pillows. After cast monolithic reinforced concrete tapes with a total height of 1m (50cm in the ground and as much - above the ground), under which the tap and sewer pipes and the electrical circular were laid in advance. Between the ribbons laid the plates of extruded polystyrene foam (thermal insulation of the future floor), cast a reinforced concrete plate with a thickness of 250mm.

Before starting the installation on the line of future walls on the concrete, ribbons of rolled waterproofing ("Tehtonikol", Russia) were used. The stoves were compensated by plastic spacers with a thickness of 5mm.

The construction of the house is described in detail in the section "Panel Design" and in signatures to photos. It is necessary to take only one addition (since this moment remained behind the scenes): the gap between the foundation and plates of the walls was stamped and closed with ceramic tiles from the outside.

Engineering systems

Since the house is located in the village of Urban Type, it was connected to the local water supply network and the heat center. The alert of the boiler room was mounted only by a node of the input and consumption of cold water, a collector cabinet and an electric water heater with a capacity of 200l. It also placed the switchgear equipped with appropriate fuses, automata and Uzo.

The electric pipes are placed in the ceiling plates in PVC tubes, and then with the help of the "twine" walls in advance in the panels. Pipes of water supply systems and heating hobs screed

The wiring of the heating system was performed from metal-polymer pipes. In the notes installed Kermi convectors (Germany), equipping them with automatic thermostators. For cold and hot water pipelines, the pipes from molecular-cross-linked polyethylene with an anti-diffusion layer were used in thermal insulation. Ventilation in this house is natural. The intergal overlaps and roofing plates on the crate under the insulation were paved by the spiral-suture pipes with a diameter of 100mm from galvanized tin; Their exits to the room were covered with decorative lattices. Ventilation risers staged in those places where special openings are provided in the slabs of overlapping and roofing panels. The same openings were used for laying other pipelines, including sewage. For the latter, PVC pipes with a diameter of 40, 50 and 110mm with pre-installed connecting seals applied.

Odors, and not only ...

So, there is obvious advantages of the presented technology:

High level assembly at home that reduces the cost of construction;

the factory quality of the surfaces of the panels, which allows to reduce the cost of external and internal finishing;

Low operating costs;

A variety of types of external finishing: surfaces can be plastered and painted, finish with "thermal" panels, artificial Stone IT.P., as well as combine various methods (only it is necessary to specify it at the design stage).

There are, in our opinion, and two essential drawbacks. First, the construction site should not be small, otherwise it does not differ not only by the truck crane, but also bringing the trailers panels, as well as the stacks of panels - unfortunately, they arrive at the construction site not always in the order in which they are mounted Therefore, it does not always work "from wheels". Secondly, the installation of panels is not styling bricks, which is still not so scary to instruct the omnipresent "gastarbaters" from the CIS countries. You do not want - you will have to hire professionals installers from the manufacturer's company or at least to order the chief installation, and the cost of such services (see "Panel Design") is quite high. However, the last drawback can be viewed as a dignity: installation of the house by the manufacturer of panels - a kind of guarantee of the quality of its assembly.

The enlarged calculation of the cost * construction of the house with a total area of ​​262m2, similar to the submitted

Name of works	Number of	price, rub.	Cost, rub.
Foundation work
Handling axes, planning, soil removal	70m3	700.	49,000
Sand base device, rubble	28m3.	220.	6160.
Device of the foundations of ribbon reinforced concrete	36m3.	2800.	100 800.
Waterproofing horizontal and lateral	150m2.	170.	25 500.
Loading and transportation of soil by cars	60m3	520.	31 200.
Other works	-	-	14 100.
TOTAL			226 760.
Applied materials on the section
Concrete heavy	36m3.	3100.	111 600.
Crushed stone granite, sand	28m3.	1100.	30 800.
Hydrosteclozol, Bituminous Mastic	150m2.	-	17 550.
Armature, Formwork Shields and Other Materials	set	-	23 500.
TOTAL			183 450.
Walls, partitions, overlap, roofing
Preparatory work	set	-	9800.
Installation of wall panels	420m2.	670.	281 400.
Installation of overlapping panels	262m2	590.	154 580.
Installation of roofing panels	300m2.	650.	195,000
Hydro and vaporizoation device	562m2.	fifty	28 100.
Bitumen Tiles Coating Device	300m2.	370.	111 000
Installation of the drain system	set	-	11 900.
Eaves Bearing, Svezov	set	-	10 800.
Filling the openings by window blocks	36m2.	-	50 400.
Reinforced concrete tie device	262m2	-	132 100.
Wall shockting and painting	set	-	235 400.
TOTAL			1 220 480.
Applied materials on the section
Wall, roofing panels, overlap panels	set	-	3,385,000
Steam, wind and waterproof films	562m2.	-	28 100.
Insulation	562m2.	-	63 500.
Bituminous tile, components	300m2.	-	156,000
Window blocks	set	-	215 900.
Soil primer, reinforcing grid, sandbetone	set	-	104 800.
Soil, mixtures dry, paint facade	set	-	127 500.
Other materials	set	-	97,000
TOTAL			4 177 800.
Engineering systems
Electrical and plumbing work	set	-	254,000
Boiler room, plumbing and electrical equipment	set	-	370 000
TOTAL			624,000
* - The calculation is made without accounting of overhead, transport and other expenses, as well as profit firms.

The editors thanks the company Haus-Konzept "Commonwealth" and "Moscow Public Scientific and Technical Organization of Builders" (MONTOS) for help in the preparation of material.