So that the surfaces trimmed with tiles pleased the eye and served a long time, you need to choose the right glue. Overview of the tile glue market.
("Prospectors") are designed to lay ceramic tiles and mosaic on concrete and brick walls and floors. The feature of the glue "Fast" - the shortened time of solidification (3 hours, whereas the usual tile glue dries 15-20 hours)
("Polyluux")
A- invoice cuff;
Basic;
in equalizing layer;
G-waterproofing;
Dress
Ceramic tile, mosaic, porcelain stoneware, natural stone ... Today, the choice of facing materials for many turns into an exciting and creative occupation. But if you want the surface to be trimmed with a tiles of the surface and served a long time, you need to choose the right ...
Most of us at least once in their life were glued with wallpaper. They have to be changed relatively often, even though the market has long been sustainable materials, for example, on a vinyl basis. Avot Ceramic tile is much longer, sometimes dozens of years, and the ability to "practice" in self-laying of the tile is quite rare. The same, this work itself is still more complex and time-consuming. To mount the tiles, certain skills will be required, and the quality of the finish wants to get high (so that the masonry is with even seams, the tile has not fallen off from the walls of IT.D.). Therefore, as soon as the need for tile work arises, we usually appeal for help from a specialist. And, as a rule, especially without going into the subtlety of the process, the boxes with the tile, in a few days everything should be ready. However, gradually, during the operation of coatings with a facing, then there, here the tile begins to flap, and in some places goes. It is also possible, the master acted correctly and neatly, but used the universal glue where it would be better to apply a special. Avted in the case of cladding Clay glue - one of the most responsible components of the quality of the finish coating. If it is competent to pick up, you do not have to overpay for the alteration of work and for new materials, especially since the good tile is much more expensive than adhesive composition. Therefore, do not hurry to save to the detriment of quality, buying the first glue. Try to pre-figure out what, where and how you are going to glue.
Manufacturers and classification
Today in stores and in building markets you can find a huge variety of modern adhesive compositions for fastening any kinds of ceramic tiles. The number of manufacturers presented numbers several dozen. Foreign firms, whose goods enjoy high demand and soin contributed to the active expansion of the range of tiled adhesives. Some Western companies have already discovered, while others reveal their own plants or joint ventures in Russia, delivering the most undercarial glue compositions to our market (mainly universal mixtures, as well as mixtures for internal and external work). Prices for such products with practically similar quality are usually somewhat lower than on the imported from abroad (find out where one or another adhesive of a foreign brand is not difficult if you carefully read the inscriptions on the package).In addition, the choice of imported materials is so wide that the "Place of Relations" of manufacturers can be studied by geography. Large companies, having a large line of a variety of compounds for fastening the tile, often produce their products simultaneously in several countries. Having traveled to the campaign shopping stores, you can meet glue from French firms Bostik Findley (Sader Trademark), Semin, Emfi; German Henkel Bautechnik (Ceresit trademark), Lugato Chemie, Jobi, Knauf, MEFFERT AG, PUFAS; Polish Atlas and Anker; Finnish Optiroc Maxit Group (Vetonite Brand "), ScanMix; Swedish Terraco; Italian index S.P.A, MAPEI, as well as Litokol (Russia-Italy); Turkish markem IDR.
Russian products are represented by the adhesives of companies "Bolls", "Glims-Proc." Socrates ")," Soot "," Lacra Decor "(trading mark" Lacra ")," Stretch "(trademark" Trowel ")," ROY "(trading brand" Plovetonite ")," Experienced plant of dry mixtures "(trademark" Birsss ")," Ruslumus "(trademark" Eurolux ")," Petromix "," prospectors "," unuster Trading "(trademark" Yunis ")," Stern Dukkerhoff "(Sopro trademark)," Enterprise VGT "(Tradingmark" VGT ") IDR.
All tiled adhesives, essentially, can be divided into two large groups. The first form glue pastes, or mastic, which are sold already in the ready-to-use form and are a homogeneous mass, a consistency resembling a thick sour cream. Combines these materials that they are water-dispersive compositions, that is, they contain finely divided, but not dissolved in water polymer (as a rule, artificial resins and their derivatives). Such a suspension hardens only after evaporation of water. The example of the example will give a well-known adhesive type "Bustylate" (water dispersion based on polyvinyl acetate). Adhesive pastes are packaged in rigid plastic buckets of various capacitances (mainly up to 5kg). They do not need to be diluted or thicken, it is enough to stir the contents of the bucket, and you can immediately begin to work. Dispersion mastic and pastes have excellent adhesive properties, are evenly distributed on the base, and after drying it is formed a sufficiently elastic layer. True, their scope is limited, for the most part these are simple internal work, as well as repair and restoration of old tile coatings.
The most extensive group of tiled adhesive mixtures shut down with water. The composition includes a mineral binder (its function is performed by various cement marks) and fillers (most often quartz sand). Cement-sand glues per share of binder and fillers accounts for 95-99%. Rest- organic binders and modifying additives. Organic and synthetic binders in a dry state are powder-sprayed and dried water dispersion of polymers. Dissolving in water, the powder restores its dispersed qualities, and therefore is called redispersed. The problem of modifying polymer adding is to give adhesive with those or other required properties, depending on the application area. To do this, the recipes of different materials include water retention, plasticizers, foaming, pigments, setting regulators (accelerators and moderators), as well as emulsifiers, hydropobizats (i.e. water-repellent substances) and other additives. Vitoga one glue has excellent adhesion and holds heavy large-format tiles, the second has improved elasticity, the third-increased water resistance and frost resistance of IT.D.
The advantages of dry cement-sand mixes in front of ready-made adhesive mastic mastics. These are the best mechanical qualities of hardened solutions, high fastening reliability, suitability for use in external facing. Dry formulations are sold packaged in bags weighing 5 or 25kg, so it is always possible to choose the desired packaging depending on the scope of work. An important factor remains the difference in prices. The three-kilogram bucket with dispersion mastic imported production costs about $ 7-10. A standard bag (25 kg) of a good domestic tile glue based on a dry cement-sand mixture will cost $ 5-6.
Structure
The overwhelming majority of tiled adhesives today are sold in the form of dry mixes closed with water. These are complex multicomponent compositions, and each manufacturer has its own natural recipe for their manufacture, which are not disclosed secrets. Therefore, we can only judge about the approximate composition of the mixture. Glue necessarily contains fillers: usually it is dry fractionated (that is, with particles of strictly defined size) quartz sand, crushed dolomites, limestone, ground calcite and slags. The incident of the binder can act as mineral substances (Portland cement, having lime, gypsum) and organic, based on polymers (artificial resins). In order for the novel solution to be optimal viscosity and did not resolve it, cellulose esters are added to the mixture: their presence in an amount of at least half of the percent makes it possible to obtain materials suitable for the basis with strong water absorption with almost no prior processing. Due to the introduction of cellulose esters, adhesion is improved adhesion and to the base, and to the tile. In addition, the time is increasing during which the position of the tiles can be adjusted. Finally, the composition of the dry adhesive mixture includes so-called radispensable polymer powders, that is, in specially dried aqueous dispersions of polymers that restore their physical condition and properties when the solution is shown with water. Thanks to these components, the viability of the solution increases, not only the frost resistance of the glue is improved, but also its adhesion, even with non-standard bases (plastic, chipboard, a layer of old paint, poorly absorbing moisture surfaces). Achetoba give glue certain qualities, for example, such as strength, elasticity IT., plasticizers, hydropobizats, thickeners, foaming agents and other additives are introduced into its recipe.
Universality is not vice
In the line of tile adhesives of almost all manufacturers, there are always one or two types of compositions designed to carry out a wide range of simple work. Such mixtures can be conditionally attributed to the category of standard, or multipurpose. What is meant here? Typically, two factors are the geometric sizes of tile and the type of base to which it will be glued. Of course, an important circumstance remains an area of glue application (either for outdoor or for inner cladding). It is simple, work on the reasons from the old concrete (from six months or more), light concrete, drywall plates, as well as plastering and brick, that is, on surfaces that do not give a shrinkage and non-deforming. The base for glue should not be also susceptible to thermal compression, which happens if floors with the heating system are arranged in the room. Universal adhesives contain a minimum of modifying additives that enhance certain properties of glue, due to which the price of the product.
The dial of standard-universal can be attributed to modern pasty mastic, such as dispersion tile glue SuperKleber from Knauf, "Eurolux-E8-K" from "Ruslux", "Akrol" from "VGT", "CS Universal" glue-paste "KS Universal" , Terraco terraco, Dufa Gigant D21 from MEFFERTAG, Sader Carrelage from Bostik Findley, Universalkleber Gigant from Jobi and others. Most of them are intended mainly for internal works and are recommended for gluing ceramic and mosaic tiles, natural stone, tiles on the surface of concrete, asbetic, aerated concrete, plaster, plywood and extruded mineral fibrous plates. As a rule, the glue is applied to the prepared (that is, primed) base and is distributed to the toothed spatula. If it is necessary to fix the tile with a smooth working surface and the size of no more than 150150mm, a spatula with a height of 3mm teeth is selected. Under the installation of medium-sized (up to 250250mm) tiles and mosaics, the composition is spilled using a spatula with a teeth height of about 5mm. The practical consumption of glue paste depends on the degree of alternation of the base and the ceramics used. So, for small tiles, the thickness of the gluing layer (this is referred to as the glue applied and smoothed with a gentle spatula) can be at least 1.5-2 mm, for the mid-sized 2-3mm, respectively. Approximate consumption of material is necessarily indicated by the manufacturer on each package. At the same time, the permissible thickness of the adhesive layer is negotiated, as well as the nature of the work. Inviro-dispersion paste BIS from Atlas The minimum thickness of the adhesive layer 3mm, and the maximum is not more than 8mm (in the first case, 1 m2 surface will leave about 2kg, and in the second 3kg glue). The thickness of the adhesive layer in any works with the glue paste "xsuniversal" from "Jenss Hause" should not exceed 6-7mm (consumption - 1kg / m2). Be careful using dispersion glue to level the base and filling out voids. If the surface drop is more than 4-5mm, it is better to take care of it before tile work, using the appropriate plaster and putty materials. Applied to a too thick layer (over 5mm), the glue paste has a low adhesion and does not keep tile. It should not also forget that universal pasty formulations have limited water resistance, and the region of their use is not subject to high humidity. Therefore, it is more expedient to choose water-resistant grouts for sealing intercutric seams.
The bases with a high absorbent ability must necessarily be primed. This is especially important for gypsum-containing materials and plaster, drywall, hydro fiber plates. The primer creates a film that regulates the absorption of water from the glue solution and at the same time connects the surface layer if it is not durable enough. It is even better than the base from drywall or plaster to treat a special moisture content of polymer dispersions, the closing pore of the hygroscopic surfaces. In wet premises it makes sense after alignment or primer walls carry out work on waterproofing. Among other things, waterproofing prevents the propagation of cracks from the base to facing coating. Do not forget that at all stages of surface preparation to the finishing finish, the optimal result will be achieved if you use the materials of the same manufacturer. In case, you will firmly know that compatibility, say, the waterproofing layer and the tiled glue is 100%.
Compared to dispersion, cement-sand glue mixtures of multi-purpose destination, such as "Unice Plus" ("Team Trading"), "Plus" ("prospectors"), CeresitCM117 (Henkel Bautechnik), "ATLAS adhesive mixture" (atlas), "Basic" ("Lacra Decor"), Sopro FBK372 ("Stern Duckerchoff"), Fliesenkleber (Knauf, Jobi), Sontact, Unibond (Index), "Glue for Standard Tile (" Taste ") and others Even great opportunities. First, almost all of them are used for both internal and external work. Secondly, the compositions are applicable to the construction of walls from aerated concrete blocks and puzzle gypsum plates. Increased masonry mixtures will be suitable, for example, "Yunis2000" , Atlas Inter, "Glims93FIX". The viability of the solution, that is, the time during which it is suitable for work, the materials of different manufacturers vary from 1.5 to 4 hours. This is enough to lay out, say, the interior partition is even in the very Spacious room. Correction the position of the blocks Styput for about 15 minutes after laying. Thanks to multipurpose mixtures, it is possible to align minor surface drops in the process directly in the process of facing and even putty - with a layer thickness of about 3-5mm (if you need to eliminate small irregularities and defects of the base in the form of shells or cracks).
It is especially worth mentioning that cement-sand mixes provide better fixation of cladding elements on surfaces subject to mechanical loads than dispersion adhesives pastes. Finally, universal dry mixes are suitable for laying tile, ceramic, mosaic, clinker tiles, as well as tiles made of natural stone. True, unlike specialized compositions, not every multipurpose glue can be used when finishing the warm floors, pools. Not all adhesives guarantee and proper clutch with weak (PVC panels, old tile or paint) and deformable bases (such as young concrete or partitions from chipboard and drywall). Therefore, our advice - when buying an inexpensive universal glue (and in general, any glue) carefully read the annotation on the package: the overwhelming majority of manufacturers describe in the most detailed as possible, in what cases and for what kind of bases the product is used. If you still doubt the choice, and the tile will have to be laid, for example, on a young concrete or difficult to clean the surface, it makes sense to carry out a small test for the strength of the compound of the base with glue, and glue with tiles. To do this, glue one or more tiles on the wall and after two days, try to tear it off. If the attempt is not crowned with success, the material is selected suitable. Of course, for the experiment, it will still have to purchase glue, but since ahead of you may wait for a large amount of work and it will take some amount of bags of the mixture, then it is better to try it in advance by having bought a small package weighing 2 or 5kg.
Bad account, universal compositions are good, which during repairs can perform a variety of facing work. For example, with the help of ready-made dispersion mastics, tiles, and linoleum, and ceiling plates made of hard foam or PVC can be glued.
A little about properties
Studying instructions for the use of glue from different manufacturers, you will probably come across that the same properties of mixtures and mastic are called differently. The misconception in terms is most of all striking, if you compare the annotations to domestic and imported products. Often it is connected with the features of the translation. In addition, Russian standards that would regulate the quality of dry mixtures, and therefore domestic manufacturers are focused on Western requirements, as a rule, German DIN or united European norms.
If you repel from European standards, you can highlight the following basic properties of adhesives.
Slip resistance . The adhesive solution should have certain thixotropic qualities, that is, have a thick, but plastic consistency and a sufficient degree of adhesion so that the laid tile does not slip. Most modern solutions are not allowed to slide tiles by more than 0.5 mm, which corresponds to European standards. But there are mixtures and with high-resistant closure (no more than 0.1 mm). The bathtop to them is indicated that the glue is suitable for laying the tile by the method from top to bottom.
Open time (Corcoising time) - this period during which the glued glue retains all its work properties, is not tuned, covered with a thin crust, and you can put a tile on it. Open operation (in some consumption firms) for adhesive solutions is approximately 10-20 minutes, for rapidly disconnecting - twice less. Check if you can still lay the tiles, very simple. Touch the previously applied glue, if it remains on the fingers, continue the work, if not, remove the old layer and apply a new one.
Permissible adjustment time (Some manufacturers call it the correction time or the tile position adjustment time) - the time when, after gluing the tile, its position can be corrected before the setting of the solution begins. The glue must ensure a slight movement of the tile for its final alignment, but it does not allow it to crawl and change its position.
Solution Suitability time (It is also referred to as vitality, time of use, workability IT.D.) - This is the time to continue which the cooked solution saves all its work properties and is suitable for masonry. For standard adhesives, it is usually 1-4 hours.
All manufacturers in the instructions for use of the material also indicate the time of the final setting of the solution, when it is possible to start the grout of the interputric seams, and the period during which the adhesive is gaining complete strength.
Hands on the seam!
Properly selected and high-quality glue mixture is only half of the case. Following the laying of the tile, the stage of finishing work comes, and above all the sealing of intercutric seams. It is carried out after removing the spacer cross and solidification of the solution, in standard cases not earlier than 24 hours after cladding. The dry rapid mixture, or, otherwise, the fugue is a special composition on a cement basis with the inclusion of modifying polymer additives making material plastic, moisture-resistant and non-shrum. The composition is suitable for use both in dry and in wet rooms. So that the seams were inconspicuous, in tone tone, or, on the contrary, emphasized the texture, coloring and shape of the finish, you can apply applied grouts where pigments are introduced. As a rule, manufacturers offer about a dozen or more colors for wall and 5-6 color variations for floor masonments. The dried grout is firmly held in the seams, not washed away from there with water and is not afraid of ordinary household detergents.
One of the main parameters to be taken into account when choosing a grout is the maximum amount of seam filled. The more elastic material, the seam may be more. High-quality grout dries in a 10-millimeter seam without shrinkage and cracking.
The consumption of a grout mixture depends on the size of the tile and the width of the seam. Let's say that the seams of 2mm width will leave about 0.7-1.5kg of the grout to 1m2, and with a width of the seam from 4 to 12 mm, it may be necessary to 2kg grouts to 1m2 surface.
Existing grouts on the market are allocated in three main groups. The first is simple and universal materials for conventional tiles and ordinary operating conditions (in dry and wet rooms). They close the seams with a width from 2 to 6mm. Such a distance between elements of the facing is characteristic of most types of masonry inside buildings, if it comes to wall and floor coatings.
Universal grouts produce almost all manufacturers, it is enough to name the brands such as "Glims", Ceresit, Atlas, "Wetonite", "Yunis", "prospectors", "Birsss", Knauf, "Plovetonit" IDR.
When laying outdoor cladding from large-format tiles, porcelain stoneware, natural stone quite often, the seams are performed wide, from 6 to 12 mm. In this case, there will be highly elastic core mixtures that maintain the deformation of the seam and are not destroyed under the influence of mechanical loads and thermal compression. Accidentally, these properties make it possible to close the seams between the tiles laid on the heated floors. Calculated such materials includes a mixture for wiping wide seams "from Atlas," Grout for floor tiles "from Optiroc, Ceresis37 from Henkel Bautechnik.
A type of epoxy-based formulations for pools, fountains, water tanks can be distinguished. When the facing surface is in constant contact with water, chemically active disinfectants and detergents, preferably use the epoxy grouts (Fugopox AB, Index; EPOXYSTUK, Litokol; Ceresit IDR).
In order to give standard grouts additional elasticity and moisture resistance, it is recommended to apply the special additive properties that improve these properties. They are a water dispersion of polymers and sold in bottles or canisters. Such remedies are available in ATLAS, INDEX, Henkel Bautechnik, Mapei, Knauf, Litokol IT.D. The superior dispersion is dissolved in the desired amount of water, and then the resulting solution is indulged in a dry mixture. Such a grout can be used in external and internal works, in particular for sealing seams in cladding on sheets of plasterboard and chipboard, as well as in floor coatings, including with systems of warm floors.
| Manufacturer | Mark. | Type of binder | Types of bases for laying | Suitability of the solution to work, min | Open time, min | Permissible Tile position adjustment time, min | Consumption of glue, kg / m2 | Packing | Price, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Profix", Russia | "Profix Standard" | Cement | Concrete, brick, gle, plaster, putty in inner dry and wet rooms | 120-180 | twenty | 12-15 | 3-4 | Bag 25kg | 3,4. |
| "Profix Universal" | Cement | Concrete, Gypsum and Foottonal Blocks, Glk, Chipboard, Plaster, Putclones in Inner Dry and Wet Rooms | 120-180 | 15-20. | 8-12. | 2.5-3. | Bag 25kg | 4.8. | |
| "Experimental plant dry mixtures", Russia | "BIRS 26" | Cement | Concrete, brick, gle, plaster, putty in inner dry and wet rooms | At least 30. | At least 10. | At least 10. | 4.5 (with a layer of 5-7mm thick) | Bag 50kg | 5.9 |
| "Jenss Hauz", Russia | "CS Universal" | Silicate based water dispersion | Plastered, wooden, wood-chip, asbestos-cement bases, GLC, tightly holding old paints and varnishes | thirty | five | 10-15 | About1 (at a layer of not more than 6-7mm) | Plastic bucket 1,5kg | 1,2 |
| "PETROMIKS", Russia | "PETROMIKS KU" | Cement | Plastered, wooden, wood-chip, asbestos-cement bases, GLC, tightly holding old paints and varnishes | About 240. | thirty | twenty | 3-4 | Bag 25kg | 9.05 |
| Index, Italy | Unibond | Cement | Concrete, brick, plaster, putty in inner dry and wet rooms | At least 360. | 20-25 | thirty | 2 (with a layer thickness of 6-7mm) | Bag 25kg | 22. |
| "Tigi-Knauf", Russia | SuperKleber | Dispersion of polymers | Plastered, wooden, chip, asbestos-cement bases, GLK, gypsum blocks | thirty | twenty | About 10. | 1.5-2.4 | Plastic bucket 7kg | 11.3. |
| MEFFERT AG, Germany | Dufa Gigant D21. | Dispersion of polymers | Absorbing surfaces from concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, gypsum, plywood and extruded mineral plates, old tile, as well as solid and durable paint and varnishes | twenty | twenty | fifteen | Up to1 (depending on the surface) | Plastic bucket 1kg | 6. |
| Atlas, Poland. | Atlas Plus. | Cement | Prefab concrete structures, aerated concrete, Warm floors, asphalt, monolithic cement floor, DVP, Plaster, Glk, Old stone | 240. | Minimum 20. | 10 | OT3 (depending on the type of tile) | Bag 5kg. | 5.9 |
| "Students", Russia | "Glue tile" Standard " | Cement | Concrete, brick, gle, plaster, putty in inner dry and wet rooms | 160. | twenty | fifteen | 3-5 (depending on the type of tile) | Bag 25kg | 3,1 |
| Jobi, Germany | Universalkleber Gigant. | Dispersion of polymers | Absorbing surfaces from concrete, aerated concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, plaster, plywood and extruded mineral fibrous plates, old tiled, as well as solid and durable paint and varnish coatings | At least 30. | twenty | twenty | 0.3 (with a layer thickness 4mm) | Plastic bucket 1kg | 6,2 |
| "Team Treding", Russia | "UNIS XXI" | Cement | Concrete, brick, plaster, putty, monolithic cement | 180. | About 20 | 10 | 1.3-1.5 (with a layer thickness of 1mm) | Bag 25kg | 4,1 |
| "Mirage", Russia | "Glue tiled IVSIL PROFIT" | Cement | Concrete, Brick, Lime-Cement Plasters, Gypsum and Wooden Surface, Glk, Basics with Old Tiles, Foam Foam, Foam concrete, Chipboard, Slate, Metal, Plastic, Heated floors | 240. | twenty | fifteen | 1.5-2 (with a layer thickness of 1mm) | Bag 25kg. | 3,1 |
| Optiroc, Finland | "Old" (for repair work) | Cement | Walls lined with plastic, ceramic tiles, painted surfaces, lightweight concrete, plaster, GLK in dry, wet and wet rooms | 240. | 10-20. | 10 | 3-4 (standard 66mm tile); 2 (mosaic tile) | Bag 25kg | 15.3. |
The editorial board thanks the company "Convent-Center", "prospectors", "Unice Market", "Stern-Dukkheroff", as well as the representative offices of the "Atlas-Rus" companies, Optiroc Maxit Group and Henkel Bautechnik for help in the preparation of the material.