Phokoso la pansi pansi pa mangani: Sankhani zida ndikuyika ndi manja anu

Tikudziwa, momwe mungakhalire kudzipatula kwazomwe zimafunikira komanso momwe mungagwirire ntchito popanda kukonza gulu lankhondo.

Kuchuluka kwa nyumba zokhala ndi nyumba sizimakwaniritsa miyezo yapano. Nyumba zakale zidamangidwa malinga ndi malamulo akale. Kuphatikiza apo, mchenga, chidebe cha mlengalenga ndi ubweya wa mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa, atataya mwayi wawo. Mayamwidwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, ndikuwumitsa matoncings, ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kodzaza ndi mpweya. Monga mukudziwa, mafunde omveka bwino ali bwino kuposa mpweya. Pakapita nthawi, kale kamadzaza ndi madzi kapena fumbi kapena lolemetsa pakuwonekera kwamakina. M'manja atsopano nthawi zambiri amafunika kuthana ndi banja. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ambiri sagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa phokoso la pansi pa nyumbayo. Vutoli lingathetsere okha popanda kugwirizanitsa polojekitiyi m'magulu aboma ndikukopa katswiri wa gulu lankhondo. Lingaliro limagona mu chipangizo cha chowonjezera chowonjezera cholumikizidwa pansi pa tating'onoting'ono.

Phokoso lopindika pansi pa chingwe munyumba

Zabwino ndi zovuta

Zosankha ziwiri zazikulu

Momwe Mungasankhire Zinthu

MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA

• Kukonzekera Kwa
• Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito

Mawonekedwe a phokoso la pansi pansi pamadzi munyumba

Musanaganize nkhani ngati imeneyi, muyenera kuganizira zonse za "" "" ndi "kutsutsana". Kugwira mtima kwa njirayo sikumakayikira ndipo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zounikira.

Zoyipa zimaphatikizapo mtengo wokwera kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi chipangizo chomenyera amuna kapena chofiyira chimapezeka pansi pa chitoliro chomaliza, komanso kulemera kwakukulu kwa misa, makamaka musanakhalepo ndi madzi ambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti muganize ndikuchepetsa kutalika kwa chipindacho - pansi pamlingo ukhoza kukwera bwino.

Pali zovuta zina zovuta - momwe zimagwirira ntchito bwino ntchito, zing'onozing'ono zimangokhala kukhitchini kapena chipinda. Mnyumba yakale yakale, pomwe kutalika kwa makoma kuli kochepera metres awiri ndi theka, mutha kuchotsa phokoso, kusunga mizati yosasinthika. Chowonadi ndichakuti masentimita angapo "amadya" zokutira zakale. Itha kukhala chilichonse. Pali zochitika mukakhala pansi pa phala inali yosanjikiza ya phula kapena china chake, osati ayi chomanga.

Osachepera 10 cm okhalako - chimango chamatabwa, chomwe chimakhala ngati maziko a zofunda pansi ndikukweza pamwamba pa konkriti yolimbikitsidwa. Njira yothetsera luso lotere imapezeka m'mitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo nyumba zokhazikika pamapeto pa makumi asanu ndi awiri.

Vumbu lina limakhala kuti konkriti, makamaka yopanda pake, imakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu. M'nyumba zakale, pomwe nyumba zothandizira zimavalidwa kwambiri, asanayambe ntchito yokonza, ndibwino kukafunafuna ophunzira akatswiri. Makampani akunja amatha kuchita kafukufuku wa makoma ndikugunda ndikulemba mawu omaliza pazomwe akumva. Kuti muchepetse katundu, mutha kuchepetsa makulidwe a konkriti kapena kusankha kapangidwe kake kake.

Zosankha za masana

Ndi kutalika kwakukulu, ndikotheka kupanga bwino komanso kuthira. Kupititsa patsogolo mitundu yozama, mutha kukonza kuchokera kumwamba, ndi pansipa. Zogulitsa zamakono zogubuduzika ndizoyenera pamwamba. Amasiyana pamawu okhwima komanso makulidwe ochepa. Titha kuyika linoleum, kapeti ndipo timakhala pa iwo. Pansi iyenera kukhala yolimba mokwanira komabe, komabe, matako kapena materiet ndibwino kuti atole pamtunda wokhazikika. Monga maziko, zosakanikirana koopsa kwa simenti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kusankha Zinthu

Zogulitsa zimasiyana m'malo ndi mtundu. Pofuna kuti musasokonezedwe ndikuletsa cholakwika, muyenera kumvetsera mwatsatanetsatane zomwe atchulidwa pa phukusi. Kuchulukitsa kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 75 mpaka 175 kg / m3. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya makulidwe otukuka sayenera kupitirira 15 MPA. Kupanda kutero, kapangidwe kamene kamayika kulemera kwa kusakaniza kwa konkriti ndipo mudzataya mafudwe okwanira.

Pores, ulusi ndi ena voids otamatira oscillations amafunika kutetezedwa ku chinyezi. Ngakhale ndi chipangizo chowuma chimakhala pachiwopsezo chonyowa. Madzi amadziunjikira mu ntchito yogwira ntchito, yomwe imatsogolera pakupanga nkhungu ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe amkati. Kuti mavuto ngati amenewa, sizimapezeka pamwamba ndi pansi ndi madzi.

Kuti zisagwedezeke pakati pa khoma ndi slab ya kuchuluka, mastic amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuteteza zotsetsera zonse, zomwe zimakuta zida zodzitchinjiriza zochokera pa polyethylene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi kanema wopyapyala yemwe samatenga milimera angapo kuchokera kutalika kwa chipindacho. Ndi chitetezo chotere, simungawope kuti mukhale pansi panu. Ngati kukhazikitsa ntchito kumachitika molondola ndipo ma seams amatsekedwa bwino, filimuyo imasunga chinyontho.

Phokoso limasiyana mkati. Magulu otsatirawa akhoza kusiyanitsidwa.

Yanja

Ndizothandiza kwambiri, koma kutumikira osati nthawi yotalikirapo. Zina mwazodalirika zitha kudziwika pang'ono. Phokoso ndilotumanja ndi 3 mm. Kuteteza ku madzi mu yankho ndi kuchepa, kusanjikiza kwamadzi kumafunikira kuchokera kumwamba ndi pansi.

Fidulaus

Mwachitsanzo, ubweya wa mchere. Amapangidwa ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Ngakhale pali malo okhala mnyumbamo, mutha kuyigwiritsa ntchito ndi mawu owonda - apo ayi kuti ulusiwo uzimveka. Katundu sayenera kupitirira 0.002 MPA. Mitengo yamiyala imatumikira kwa nthawi yayitali, osawopa madzi. Alibe makoswe. Ubwinowu ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa eni nyumba zanyumba. Kutetezedwa bwino ku phokoso kumaperekanso galasi, ngati okulirapo amafunikiranso, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ubweya wa thonje wa thonje. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri mu nyumba zomwe zili pansi pompopompo, ndikudzitchinjiriza khomo kapena osatenthetsa.

Omangika

Muli ndi mapulangeni a mphira, ma granules ofewa ndi mastic matenda ozizira kutengera aclic. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kubweretsa phokoso. Ndiwogwira mtima, olimba, khalani ndi mawonekedwe osafunikira madzi, chifukwa kupanda ulemu kwawo kumatsekedwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Ndiokwera mtengo, yomwe imalipira kwathunthu pa moyo wautali.

Kutundu

Mwa oyimilira mitundu iyi, mchenga ndi clamot nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa njira zochepa chabe. Zipangizo zambiri zimatetezedwa mwangwiro ku phokoso. Pankhani ya mikhalidwe yake, sikuti ndife otsika mtengo wokwera mtengo kwambiri. Eco-ochezeka ndipo musayambitse chifuwa. Chipangizocho chikauma chouma, ndibwino kutenga mphukira yazambiri kuti zidutswa zazing'ono zimadzaza malo pakati pa zazikulu. Pakunyowa, m'malo mwake, ndikofunikira kuti mugone gawo lomwelo - litakwanira kuti padzakhala zopanda pake.

Mau

Mwachitsanzo, perisele yopangidwa ndi polyethylene imatha kukhala yopanda madzi. Zipangizo za cellict zimasiyanitsidwa ndi makulidwe ochepa, motero, kuyamwa pang'ono. Gawo limodzi limatenga pafupifupi mamilimita asanu. Kuphika ndi kokwera mtengo, koma kumakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa pa chinyezi. Ndikosavuta kuwononga, koma ndi chogwirizira modekha pakugona kwake chikhala zaka 100. Polyethylene amakhala ochezeka, samawola ndipo samawola pakapita nthawi. Kunyowa sichowopsa. Imatha kupirira katundu wamkulu. Imagwira bwino ntchito limodzi ndi ena ogwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri.

Adasoweka

Zimasiyana ndi ma cell a ma cell mapangidwe a voids mu mawonekedwe awo. Izi zikuphatikiza Isolon, isophlex, Isozim. Kuphimba kumakhala ndi makulidwe ambiri. Wokondod polyethylene ndi polystyrene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zomera. Malo abwino kwambiri ali ndi isophane yochokera ku foalad polystorol. Imasinthasinthasintha bwino. Kalasi ya zida zopukutira zimaphatikizapo pulasitiki ya thovu. Si okwera mtengo ndipo ali ndi zovuta zingapo, mwachitsanzo, chitetezo chamoto. Ma mbale ayenera kukhala okhazikika - apo ayi adzamveka pansi pa kulemera kwa yankho. Kupanda tanthauzo kumatsekedwa, chinyezi chotere sichimatengeredwa mwa iwo, ndipo zida zosaphika zosaphika sizofunikira.

Ophatikizidwa

Kukhala ndi machitidwe ofanana munyumba zosiyanasiyana. Amadziwika ndi mtengo wokwera, pomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ndizotheka kutchula za ku Thermaboam, texound yochokera ku Bruba, kukwera, wopangidwa ndi fiberglass wophatikizidwa ndi phula.

Momwe mungapangire phokoso munyumbayo

Pali njira zingapo zogwirira ntchito mwachangu ndi kumanja, koma onse ali ndi mfundo zofala.

Kukonzekera Kwa

Muyenera kuyamba ndikukonzanso. Iyenera kutsukidwa kuchokera kufumbi, lopanda madothi ndi kumanzere. Miyezo yomwe ili pakati pa mbale ndi ma voidi ena adzafunika kuphatikizidwa ndi punty, selalant kapena mastic omwe adapangira ntchito yamtunduwu. Kuti musinthe, simenti-Sandy sakanizidwa kapena mawonekedwe apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makulidwe a 3 mpaka 5 cm. Pamwamba ziyenera kuwuma.

Pambuyo pokonzekera, madziwo amakhazikika. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kanema kuchokera ku footd polyethylene. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, chotetezera chimatha kuyamwa mawu opota oscillations. Kugona kumapangidwa ndi zikondwerero pamakoma potalika kwa chitoliro chomaliza. Wosanjikiza ndi wofunikira kuti mafunde sagwira ntchito kuchokera kumakoma, ndiye sayenera kulumikizana pakati pawo. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, ndikofunikira kupewa "milatho" pakati pa oyimilira ndi kuwombera mu mawonekedwe a zitsulo - mitanda, okonda, zinthu zina.

Pali matepi apadera omwe amagwira ntchito ya mapiri pakati pa makoma ndi malo opingasa. Zowonjezera zimakonzedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zokutira.

Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito

Ntchito zitha kuchitidwa popanda kukatenga akatswiri. Mapulogalamu amakhala kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake, masikono pang'ono ndi makulidwe amakhazikika chifukwa cha kufooka. Ma seams amadzazidwa ndi chithovu chokwera, ngati makulidwe ndi akulu, kapena amathamangira ndi scotch. Mapaipi amatsogolera mafunde omveka bwino, chifukwa chake ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chotetezera. Kuchokera pamwambapa, kanemayo amawumitsidwa, ndikofunikira kuteteza ku chinyezi. Nthawi yomweyo, makoma amapangidwa pafupifupi 10 cm ndi kuwerengera kotereku kutseka tepi yonyowa. Seams ali. Grid yothandizira pulasitiki imayikidwa pamwamba, ndipo yankho lake konkriti imatsanuliridwa. Zouma zouma zikuchititsa zoyipa, kotero ikachita bungwe, imakhala yotheka kupulumutsa patali.

Pali njira zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke bwino. Ndi phokoso lotere, pansi m'nyumba imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamakono. Nayi imodzi mwamaphikidwe. Bamu loyeretsedwa limakhazikitsidwa ndi Thermabiam. Ndi gulu la ubweya wa ubweya wool lomwe limayikidwa mu chipolopolo kuteteza ku chinyezi ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina. Kuchokera kumwamba, pali kolokound - nembanemba, onjezerani mawu opota. Keke yomwe imapangidwira ndi yankho la konkriti, pulasitiki yotsimikizika kapena chida chachitsulo.

Pambuyo osakaniza amagwira ntchito, imatsekedwa ndi gawo lapansi kuchokera ku vibrooflora. Zimawoneka kuti zikuyenda kuchokera pansi kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo, komanso phokoso logwedeza. Vibroflorooroor ikhoza kukhala maziko a chophimba pansi. Imakhala yolimba yokwanira kuti igone, matequet kapena matayala ochokera kumwamba. Pamwamba "kuyenda" sikudzakhala. Mtengo wa zida zizikhala pafupifupi 3,500 Ruble mita mita.

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