Timanena kuti ndi nyumba yamtundu wanji ndipo ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanga madenga okwera kwambiri pomanga nyumba yabwino.
Mitundu Yopanda padenga
Mbale ndi rafyla
Mayankho a zomangamanga
Zipangizo
- tsamba
- chidutsa
- Zina
Madenga a madenga am'mizinda ndi nyumba zosanja limodzi atha kukhala ndi yankho lofananalo. Poyamba, nthawi zambiri izi nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo zopangidwa ndi sikeleti lolimbikitsira, mu lachiwiri - kayendedwe ka nkhuni, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kapena zolimbikitsira zolimbitsa thupi. Zimachitika mosiyana ndi izi, pomwe zomangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu atsopano a monolithic, ndipo kumtunda kwa kanyumbayo ndi mtunda umodzi wopingasa, koma mwina ndi wosiyana ndi malamulowo. Komabe, pali manthawi ena ambiri kuposa osiyana. Kwa magulu osiyanasiyana a nyumba, mitundu yomweyi ya denga ndioyenera.
Denga limakhazikitsidwa ndi kapangidwe, mawonekedwe ndi kuyanjana.
Gulu la chipangizo chaukadaulo
Rafyla
Ichi ndi chimango chomwe chimakhazikitsidwa pamakoma a nyumbayo. Chisankhochi chinali chofala kwambiri. Zimakupatsani mwayi wothana ndi zofuna za zomangamanga. Kudalirika sikuyambitsa kukayikira kulikonse - njira yadzitsimikizira bwino kwazaka zambiri.
Kulimbikitsidwa konkriti
Chingwecho chimayikidwa molunjika mwina pa ngodya yaying'ono kuti madzi amvula asachedwe pamwamba pake. Zochita zopanga pano sizingakhale zochepa poyerekeza. Ndegeyo yokha ndi yosaoneka, koma palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa mundawo, pangani dziwe kapena malo a masewera. Mitundu ya nyumba zokhala ndi malo ogona zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Posachedwa, m'midzi yakomweko, nyumba zowonjezereka zochulukirapo zimawoneka ngati zamakono, zomwe zimadziwika ndi nkhope zomveka ndi ngolo zowongoka.
Gulu mu mawonekedwe
- Padenga lathyathyathya.
- Imodzi.
- Pawiri.
- Malo komanso okonda.
Kukhala ndi mitundu yovuta kwambiri.
Wonyezimira
Khalani ndi ndege zinayi. Pamwamba kuchokera kumalekezero a nyumbayo ndi matatu, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe a trapezium. Magawo atatu amatchedwa Valmami.
Polvalmu
Sakufika ku Niza mosiyana ndi kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo kwa mbali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe ake akhale ofanana pang'ono ndi dongosolo lamiyendo iwiri.
Chosweka
Awiri mwa zikwangwani ziwirizi amagawidwa mu theka lolowera mbali yakunja. Kuvomerezedwa koteroko kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri malo a adiresi, kumatembenuza pansi chachiwiri. Kupanga kosavuta ndi mtengo wotsika kumapangitsa kusintha kwa uinjiniya imodzi yofala kwambiri.
Mtundu wambiri
Pali nyumba zovuta kuzimiririka ndi zingwe zomangika zomwe zikhonde zimatsogozedwa mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Ophatikizidwa
Uku ndikuphatikiza mitundu yonse ya zonsezi. Zowoneka bwino za nyumbayo zitha kuzunzidwa komanso kupewa, wopanda zochuluka.
Mitundu ya zinthu zodetsa m'nyumba zogona
Tsamba
Izi zimaphatikizapo zokutira zachitsulo, polymer ndi ma sheet ena.Sikwa
Awa ndi mapanelo a asbestos ndi simenti. Pomanga nyumba, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera, popeza ndi kulumikizana kwa nthawi yayitali asbestos ndizowopsa thanzi. Nkhaniyi ndi yoyenera nyumba zapakhomo. Zogulitsa zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 1.75 m ndi m'lifupi kuchokera ku 0.98 mpaka 1.13 m. Unyinji umachokera ku 10 mpaka 15 kg. Itha kumenyedwa pamene kukokoloka kwa madigiri 12 mpaka 60. Kukhazikitsa kumapangidwa ndi kudzikuza kwa kabichi wamatabwa wokhala ndi misomali. Kuchokera pamwambapa mpaka crate musanakhazikitse, ndikofunikira kuyikira wosanjikiza madzi. Sola amatenga chinyontho, kotero nkhungu ndi moss zitha kuwonekera kumaso.
Onhulin
Polymer College ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa katundu ndi kutentha. M'malo mwabwino kwambiri gawo. Ontulin angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamakona opindika kuyambira madigiri 6. Amalumikizidwa ndi crate ndi misomali yapadera. Kutalika kwa kutalika - 2 m, m'lifupi - 0,96 m. Kunenepa - 6.5 kg. Mosiyana ndi mnzakeyo, zimawoneka bwino ndipo sizimawopseza kuti mukhale ndi thanzi. Siwokwera mtengo kwambiri. Zovalazo zimakhazikika ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo ovuta. Mikhalidwe yopanda pake ndiyoyaka komanso yopepuka.
Mphunzitsa wakukoleji
Ndi ma sheet a chitsulo. Mbiriyo ikhoza kukhala yosalala kapena mpumulo. Zitsulo zokutidwa ndi polymer yoteteza poteteza chipolopolo. Kukhazikika kochepa ngodya ndi madigiri 10. Kukhazikitsa kumapangidwa pa screwge yodzikuza. Monga maziko, kuthamanga kwambiri kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, malinga ngati sikungotulutsa chinyontho ndipo sikukulimbana ndi chinyezi, kumapangitsa mawonekedwe a nkhungu. Ndi mikhalidwe yokongoletsera sing'anga, mtengo wake umatsika kwambiri.
Zingwe zachitsulo.
Uwu ndi ntchito yaukadaulo, kutsanzira matanthwe. Paukadaulo, zinthuzi sizosiyana. Mafuta azitsulo amawoneka okongola kwambiri ndipo samasiyana ndi ceramic weniweni. Ntchito ya kukhazikitsa imatha kuchitika yokha, pomwe kuchuluka ndi miyeso ya mapanelo ndizochepa.
Mapepala opindika
Denga lamakono, ntchito pomanga nyumba zapakhomo ndi nyumba zosunga zambiri. Ili ndi malo osalala. Thandizo limapangitsa mafupa, otchedwa abodza. Ali m'mphepete kotero kuti wina adayikamo. Pali njira zingapo za "maloko" otere. Mitundu yopukutira padenga imasiyana wina ndi mnzake mwa njira yokhazikitsa. Nthawi zambiri, mafupa amakonzedwa pansi pamalo omangawo, kenako ndikuyika kabizi pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Mapangidwe owumbidwa safuna kukonzekera kotere. Tekinoloje yokulungizidwa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito, momwe zinthu zimasinthiratu musanakonzekere.
Chosankha chomaliza sichili kutali kwambiri komanso luso labwino kwambiri komanso laukadaulo silotsika ndi masitepe aluso, ngati tikuyerekeza zinthu zitsulo. Ndizoyenera pang'ono. Amapanganso ma sheti a mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu, wodziwika ndi kudalirika. Moyo wawo wautumiki uposa zaka 75. Ndiwokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anzawo. Zojambula zina ndizabwino. Mukakhazikitsa, ndikofunikira kuyika wosanjikiza. Kusunthika sikupwetekedwa, chifukwa zitsulo zimatulutsa bwino mawuwo.
Kutalika kwa mitundu yonse yokulunga kuyenera kukhala koposa 3 madigiri. Kuphatikiza kwa mafupa kumapangidwa ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono ya chitsulo, mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu, omwe amatchedwa Belwell.
Zogulitsa
Tale
Awa ndi ma mbale a croramic adayikidwa ndi mizere yamkuwa. Tile ali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino. Moyo wake wautumiki umaposa zaka 100. Sizikuwotcha, sizimapanga mavuto ndi ma victrimate a kunyumba ndikuyika mosavuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito, munthu m'modzi ndi wokwanira. The Meas iyenera kukhala yochokera ku madigiri 25 mpaka 60. Zitha kukhala zochulukirapo, koma zowonjezera zowonjezera zidzafunikira. Ngati zochepa, muyenera kuyika chosanjikiza chamadzi. Kukhazikitsa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito misomali ndi zomangira zomwe zimayikidwa mu dzenje lapadera. Mbale yam'mwambayo imalumikizidwa pansi kudutsa malo okongola. Ceramic ndiokwera mtengo, koma mtengo wake umalipira kudalirika komanso kukongola.
Matayala a mchenga
Siziwoneka zoyipa, koma moyo wake utumiki umafupika katatu. Ndikosavuta, ili ndi mphamvu zofananazo, kukanidwa ndi mankhwala ankhanza. Zimasuntha mpaka kuzungulira kwa 1000 za kuzizira ndi kuwononga, koma nthawi yomweyo yolimba ngati protototype yake.
Shale mbale
Mwinanso chophimba mtengo kwambiri, ndipo sizodabwitsa. Matayala aliwonse amapangidwa pamanja kuchokera pano. Zinthuzo zili ndi mthunzi wa imvi wa imvi. 1 M2 ndi makulidwe a 4 mm akulemera pafupifupi 25 kg. Kulima muyeso ndi ma cm 15 kapena 30, kutalika ndi 20 ndi 60 cm. Kutsetsereka kochepa kwa madigiri 25. Phiri limapangidwa pamtengo wamatabwa wokhala ndi mkuwa kapena misomali yolimbana ndi mitundu 10 cm.
Mitundu yofewa
Hydroizol
Adabwera kudzalowa m'malo othamanga. Amagulitsidwa m'magulu ndikukhazikika pa phula losungunuka, yotentha ndi burner gasi. Bamu yake imapangidwa ndi polyester, galasi cholester kapena fiberglass. Polyester ndibwino, koma okwera mtengo kwambiri. Galasi ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito komwe mphamvu yayikulu siyofunikira. Musanayambe kugona, muyenera kuyika - kutchinjiriza, ndi kuchokera kumwamba - madzi othira madzi. Ngakhale atayika 10 masentimita pali kuthekera kuti kulimba sikukwanira.
Matayala osinthika
Imapangidwa pamaziko a cholester cholester, chophatikizidwa ndi phula lokhala ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera. Gawo lakunja lili ndi chojambula, kutsanzira tile. Chuma cha mchere chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zimateteza ku kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikupanga miyala kapena ceramics. Canvas adayikidwa pamapepala a plywood mwina pazinthu zabwino zamadzi. Maziko ayenera kukhala olimba. Zinthu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyumba zovuta zotayira pomwe kusintha kokongoletsa ndikofunikira.
Polymer nembanemba
Amapangidwa kuchokera ku rabara, polyvinyl chloride ndi thermoplastic olefins mpaka kumunsi. Ntchito sizikhala nthawi yayitali. Kukula kwake kumakhala kokhazikika ndipo kumatha mpaka zaka 50. Siziphonya chinyezi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, madzi osayendetsa safunikira. Membranes imayimilira kwambiri ngati matayala osinthika, koma samasiyana mawonekedwe odzikongoletsera odzikongoletsera.
Kuchuluka kwa Dera
Ichi ndi mastic, mukamagona ndikupanga zoluma. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maziko olimba ndi ngodya yopanda madigiri 25. Ngati ngodya ndi yoposa madigiri atatu, mufunika gulu lolimbitsa thupi. Mastic imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zingapo za makulidwe a 1 cm ndi pamwamba pa crumb yoteteza kuwala kwa dzuwa. Maziko amatha kuwonetsedwa a Runrderdo. Ngakhale atayika mwachidule, panthaka itha kukhala ikuyenda. Ichi ndi yankho labwino kwambiri la chipangizocho padenga lathyathyathya. Zipangizo zosaphika zosafuna sizisowa, monga zokutidwazo ndizovuta.
