Ikoranabuhanga cumi na zibiri zo kubaka byihuse Inyubako: Amateka na Genoctity, ibintu biranga umurimo wo kwishyiriraho buri buryo bwo kubaka vuba
Ati: "Amagorofa imwe" arubakwa cyane cyane n'ikoranabuhanga ryitwa amazu ateganijwe. Muri iyi ngingo yo gusuzuma, tuzavuga kubyerekeye gukoresha ubu buryo mubintu byuburusiya, kimwe no gusuzuma bumwe mu buryo butangwa nisoko ryimbere mu gihugu.
Reba mu mateka
Nta gushidikanya ko amazu yo mu gihugu ntagushimwa Uburayi, hano ikoranabuhanga-yimbaho ryakoreshejwe hamwe na XV. Iya kabiri ya Avot Inzu yabo iramenyerewe kuba Kanada, aho nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yatezaga uburyo bworoshye kandi buhebuje bwo gutanga umusaruro uhendutse no kubaka amazu. Ikadiri yimbaho yimbaho yabaye ishingiro. Icyakora, ntabwo yakoreshwaga cyane gushyira mu bikorwa iki ikoranabuhanga na gato muri Kanada, ariko muri Amerika, mu nkengero za New York, mu mpera za 40.Icyo gihe ni bwo bull, ninde usuzuma se wa Amerika "Amagorofa umwe" na se w'amagorofa amwe, yasabye Abanyamerika kuva mu gihe cya hafi ya york mu gihe cy'inkenga - mu nzu imwe n'umuryango umwe wakozwe n'uburyo bwuruganda. Igitekerezo cyari gifite uruhare ruryoherwa ku buryoherwa ko kubara iyo zubakwa: Mu myaka 5, Isosiyete y'Abalewi yubatse inyubako zigera ku 17.5, ndetse no mu mpera za 60. Amafaranga yabo yarenze ibihumbi 140. UKO buryo, inzira yo gutanga umusaruro n'inteko ikurikira byagombye kuba byagombaga kubahiriza komisiyo hafi amazu 30 kumunsi!
Nibyo, inyubako ntizatandukanijwe nubunini bunini bwinzu ya mbere yububiko bwikigo, hari 74m2 gusa (munsi yo munsi yaho yari yarahari). Mu ikubitiro, amazu yose yo mu midugudu yari amwe. Imishinga hamwe nibisubizo bitandukanye byubwubatsi no gutegura igenamigambi byagaragaye nyuma gato. Plush Amazu Yambere Yambere Yayoborwaga Icyumba Cyiza, Igikoni, ibyumba bibiri cyangwa bitatu cyangwa bitatu cyangwa bitatu cyangwa ipantaro (nicyumba kimwe). Muri icyo gihe, itanura hamwe nibikoresho byo murugo byari mu gikoni, harimo na firigo na mashini imesa.
Ariko niba umuntu atekereza ko inzira yo gukurura abanyamerika mu nkengero zari ubwato, aribeshye cyane - "bidahwitse" byateguwe neza. Gusohora mu bwubatsi buke bwatewe ahanini byatewe no gushyira mubikorwa bya gahunda ya leta kugirango dutezimbere ibikorwa remezo byakarere. Umubano n'amafaranga manini yinjijwe mu kwishyiriraho itumanaho, kubaka umuhanda. (Ukoresheje inzira, muri iki gihe niho hakiri ingamba zabanyarwandakazi.)
Gukurikira Amerika, kubaka inyubako zishingiye ku rwego rwo hasi-ziyongera muri Kanada, ndetse no mu bihugu byinshi by'Uburayi. Uyu munsi kwisi hari inganda zose zitanga amazu yinganda zuruganda. Ikoreshwa tekinoroji ya kera kandi iduka. Bamwe muribo bamaze kubona ku isoko ryikirusiya kandi bararengana.
Nta kunanuka nta cyiza
Kubwamahirwe, Uburusiya bwa kijyambere kubijyanye no kwimuka gukomeye mu "Ishyamba rya Kibuye" kuri lono ya kamere ntishobora kwirata, ahubwo, ku rundi ruhande. Kubaka inzu yigenga kugeza igihe runaka ntabwo yishimiye inkunga yabayobozi. Noneho tekereza mu buryo butunguranye kandi yemerera akazu k'impeshyi ufite ubusitani n'ubusitani bwegeranye. Ariko ko muri uyu Dachan ashobora kubaho umwaka wose, ndetse birenze rero haranditswe (niba, birumvikana ko utari umunyamuryango wubumwe n'inzu yawe mu iyimurwa), kandi sinashobora kugira imvugo. Kavukire mu gihe cyo kubaka Capitalism, birasa nkaho ibintu byose byari bikwiye guhinduka. Ariko mu mitunganyirize yo kugurisha amazu mu midugudu yakanzi mbere yo guturamo, ihagarariwe nk '"ibicuruzwa" bidasanzwe, ku biciro, bidashoboka ku muguzi rusange, urubanza ntirugiye.
Kandi, twamenye isomo rimwe ryingirakamaro kuva mu bunararibonye ku isi: ku isoko ryacu ubuntu ahanini ryatanzwe cyane ryakozwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryamazu yabanjirije. WTT ko ubwo buhanga bwatangiye kumenyekana, ikibazo cy'ubukungu cyari "kubiryozwa". Benshi mubateza imbere bagenda bigaragara ko mubihe byubukungu, birashoboka guhindura inzozi mubyukuri, gusa kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora imyitozo murugo. Anaas asezeranya uburyo cyane bwo kubigeraho nukugabanya igihe cyo kubaka kandi, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryihuse, kugabanya amafaranga yumurimo, kimwe nigiciro cyinyubako zikora. Aba nyuma bemerera mubihe bimwe kugirango bareke gukoresha ibikoresho byo guterura (reba "IVD", 2010, n 1). Iyi "magic" ni iki?
Ibitekerezo byagwiriye, ihame ntirihinduka
Isoko rya kijyambere ryimbere ryinyubako zibanzirizaga ni zitandukanye. Biracyagaragaza tekinoroji ya kera yo kurema amazu yavuzwe natwe, ukurikije ibyo igishushanyo gitwara gikorerwa aho bita imbaho. Ikadiri yabo ya Calibted Yumye ifite trim gusa hamwe nimpande imwe gusa (umuhanda) kandi ntabwo yuzuyemo insulation. Hafi yikintu cyonyine cyahindutse imyaka 70 muriyi ikoranabuhanga byakoreshejwe mugukoresha paneur kugirango zigirire ibintu bigezweho, ni ukuvuga ibisenyuko (birambuye kubyerekeye urwego rwa kera, 2010, n 3, cyangwa urubuga IVD. ru).Benshi mu isoko ryacu n'uburyo bushya, ukurikije ibyo urwego rwinyubako bizamurwa bivuye ku giti cye (rimwe na rimwe ibintu bidasanzwe) ibintu byateguwe ku ruganda, hanyuma bikagire umugati. Hariho imyumvire myinshi yinzu - kuva kuri panel cyangwa no kuva mu modoka nyinshi. Urutonde rwibintu bisanzwe bigura byinshi, kuko muruganda kugirango bakore, ariko inzu myinshi ikoreshwa, ariko inzu irasarurwa byihuse. Ariko nubwo verisiyo ifitanye isano nuburyo bugezweho bwamazu yikoranabuhanga avuye muri kera, ihame rikomeje kuba iyubakwa ryabanje kumasanduku yo kubaka ibibanza bishoboka. Guhitamo imwe cyangwa indi miterere bigomba kuba bishingiye cyane kubyo ukunda bijyanye no kubara mubukungu.
Ntabwo twifuzaga kuba umusomyi, Monotonique yanditseho ikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga ryihuse, ariko icyarimwe bashakaga kumufasha kutitiranya amakuru menshi. Kubwibyo, twahisemo gutanga ibyiciro byacu byubwoko bugaragaza muburyo bwameza. Ariko mbere yuko utangira inkuru kuri bo, tuzategura bimwe bikenewe, mubitekerezo byacu, ingingo. Kugabanya urugero rwingingo, ariko birashoboka kugereranya uburyo bwasobanuwe hagati, ntituzaganira muri buri gice:
Ubwoko bwifatizo bubereye ubu bwoko bwikoranabuhanga. Kubera ko ikoranabuhanga ryose ritwemerera kubaka amazu ahagije, urufatiro rwikirere rukwiye. Guhitamo uburyo bwihariye bizaterwa nibigize ubutaka aho inyubako y'ejo hazaza, ndetse no mubyifuzo hamwe nubushobozi bwa ba nyirabwo;
Gufunga Itumanaho. Barezwe hamwe n'amategeko, kimwe n'imbere yikamyo isabune, akenshi kubwibyo;
Uburyo bwo kwinjiza urukuta rw'imiterere n'ibisenge. Kugirango ukore ibi, koresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gushinga urwego. Hanze ya Frame ikosowe hamwe na diffusion idasanzwe ikwirakwiza, bizagufasha gusohoka mubushuhe kuva kubimenyesha hanze, ariko bikanda imvura numuyaga. Inzitizi yakandamijwe ku murongo utubari cyangwa imyirondoro yo gufunga ikoma ikarema icyuho gihumeka. Hagati y'ikadiri, amasahani yo kwiyerekana neza, kongera ubunini bukenewe rero. Kuva mu nzu, film yo kugenzura imyuka ihuriweho na racks, ntabwo izaha urubyaro rwo mu rugo kugira ngo yinjire mu nzu y'inzu mu rukiko;
Uburyo bwo gushushanya imbere no hanze yinkuta zashyizweho. Hariho byinshi muribi: Kuva mu rukuta no ku gisenge birashobora kubibagwa no gukaza, ibiti, imbaho, imbaho, bireba amabati. Gusohora hanze no guhitamo byinshi. Kugira ngo bakore ibi, bakoresha amatafari, kugana amatafari (plastike, ceramic, ibyuma), imbaho, umurongo, kwigana umurongo (blowhaus) Idr. Kubwibyo, tuzasuzuma murugo muburyo bwo kwitegura gutya, ni ukuvuga ko, byakemuwe, bitwikirije igisenge, kandi amadirishya yinjijwe mu gufungura. Ariko icyarimwe, imiterere yakusanyirijwe mubintu byihariye ntabwo bitwikiriye ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose: insulation irinzwe imbere hamwe ninzitizi zuzuye, ariko uhereye hanze ya membrane. Inkuta z'inzu y'ikibaho zifite trim, zihuye n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ingwate.
Usibye iri tegeko bizakorwa gusa mugihe kizaba nkenerwa gukurura abasomyi ibitekerezo kuri kimwe cyangwa ikindi kintu cyikoranabuhanga ryasobanuwe.
Imbonerahamwe 1. Gutondekanya Ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe mukubaka Amazu Yingufu Yihuse Yuruganda| Inteko kuva | |||||||||||
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| Ibisobanuro bitandukanye | Imbaho | Ibice byinshi - module | |||||||||
| Ikadiri uhereye kubintu bifatika | Ikadiri kuva kumiterere nziza | Imbaho ku giti | Imbaho zishingiye kuri beto | ||||||||
| imwe | 2. | 3. | Bane | bitanu | 6. | 7. | umunani | icyenda | 10 | cumi n'umwe | 12 |
| AMAFARANGA MU BURYO BWO KUBONA | Ikadiri kuva kumurongo | OSP-Shingiro Ibirindiro | Urwego rwakozwe na Steel Yatunganijwe | Icyuma gikomeye | Imbaho hamwe n'amakadiri ava mu kibaho, yatwitse oops-plaque | Imbaho ifite ikadiri kuva kumurongo, yatunganijwe na CSP-Slay | Panel hamwe numuriro wibiti bishingiye kuri fiber | Ikibaho hamwe ninyongera yo hanze | Sip panels | Ibikorwa bya beto bya beto hamwe nicyuma | Modules yijwi rishingiye ku kiti |
Ikadiri kuva mu bice byihariye
Noneho biroroshye kandi bihendutse gutumiza ibisobanuro byuzuye bikenewe muguteranya urwego, impongano muri iyi sosiyete. Abanyamwuga bakoresheje igishushanyo cya mudasobwa Menya neza imiterere nubunini bwa buri gice, hanyuma ubikore mubikoresho byemewe. Ubu buryo bugufasha gukora nta gukora kandi bikwiranye nibintu "murwego". Itanga kandi ibice byiza hamwe hamwe nibindi, bivuze, Inteko nziza no kwizerwa nigishushanyo muri rusange. Ubu buryo bwihutisha inzira yo guterana, igabanya umubare wamakosa ashoboka hanyuma amaherezo ikuraho imiterere yimyanda. Ibisubizo byo gukora byurwego rwibintu mumiterere y'uruganda, gutanga no guterana amafaranga bihendutse kuruta kubaka uburyo bwumwuga.
1. Fakhverk igezweho
Amateka. Fakhverk (It. FACHWERK) ni imiterere yo kubaka niyo shingiro ryibice byibiti (ibintu bihamye), ibiti (ibintu bya horizontal (ibintu bitambitse (ibintu bya diagonal bitanga ibikoresho byose bikomeye n'imbaraga).
Ibisobanuro byahujwe nubwoko butandukanye bwimbaraga, kimwe na brazers yimbaho. Gufungura hagati yibintu byari byuzuyemo boot, cyangwa amabuye manini, uyivange n'amabuye mato hanyuma ushireho kubisubizo bya lime gushimangirwa numusatsi wamafarashi. Gake cyane yuzuye amatafari cyangwa mbisi. Yaremye "indege" yashyizwe kandi yandujwe na tone yoroheje. Ikadiri-itunganijwe neza yasigaye imbere yifishi, hamwe nibisobanuro byijimye byatandukanijwe urukuta rwa ruswa kuri geometrically. Ibi bifatanije no kugaragara kwinyubako zidasanzwe, zabaye ibiranga nyamukuru biranga Fakhverka.
Mu gihe cyacu, gushima uburyohe bwo hagati muri ubu buryo, twahisemo kubyutsa, ariko bimaze gukoresha ibikoresho bishya byubaka nikoranabuhanga. Kubwibyo, uyumunsi fakhverk irimo kuvuka kwa kabiri. Amazu yukuri, agezweho na kimwe cya kabiri-Akenshi ntabwo akunze gusa n '"abagize uruhare".
Ikigezweho. Ibintu bitangwa ahazubakwa ibiti bikozwe ku biti kandi byateguwe byimazeyo inteko (Ishusho 1). Uburyo bwo guhuza ibice, ibiti no guswera birasa mu binyejana bike bishize: kumira umurizo "no kumurika (Ishusho 2). TomeIvh muri ibyo bice byashushanyije, hakenewe ingwate yumutekano, aho kuba ugeze gusaza, ibintu bihuza ibintu bikoreshwa, inkoni. Ariko ibi bikoresho bikorwa kugirango mu kubaka ibyuma ntibigaragara.
Mu mwanya uri hagati yimodoka, isanduku yinyo yimbaho, yuzuyemo ibikoresho byubukwe bwa none birashizwemo. Hanze, aba nyuma barinzwe n '"ingabo" zo kurangiza (shyiramo akabari, shiraho ibiti Idr), kandi uhereye imbere, nk'itegeko ryumye. Na Windows izigama (Ishusho 3-4) ikoreshwa cyane kugirango yuzuze ikadiri.
Ibyiza by'ikoranabuhanga birimo ko imiterere ikomeye ifite imbaraga zituma bishoboka gutegura umudendezo wo gutegura umwanya w'imbere mu nzu (byibuze ibice mu Imbere). Nanone kandi bafite uburemere burebure bwa Windows inshuro ebyiri, zigufasha gutegura Windows yigifaransa.
2 hashize imyaka 3, isosiyete "Treograpp", "Mosgeoplan", Osko-haus (bose- Uburusiya), inzu ya gloria (Finlande) Idr. Yatujugunywe mu mahanga, ari kumwe n'imbaho ebyiri maze babakoranya hano. Uyu munsi, inzego nkizo ziratangwa cyane kandi zikora murugo: "Idhangelsk 'Idr.
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2. Ikadiri kuva kumurongo
Iri koranabuhanga risa nigice-cyimbaho, ariko biracyatandukanye. Itandukaniro ryambere riri mubyukuri ko ibice byurwego bitakaranze, hamwe na seti. Yabigize gutya. Imbata zambukiranya igice cya 200. 50Mum yumye mu cyumba, hanyuma imyuma ku bunini bwa 176 na 44mm no guca mu murimo. Aba nyuma bamenetse hamwe na diameter ya 16mm, abazara n'imbuto bigabanyijemo igice cya 176 kugeza 176mm. Ariko iyi biti yibiti ntabwo bikomeye, tubikesha imikoreshereze yuburebure butandukanye, bihita byakira ibihingwa, imitwe nibindi bintu bikenewe kugirango bihuze ibizwe muri rusange murugo (uburebure bwibikoresho byambere birashobora kugera kuri 12m ). Ihuriro nyuma yo guterana ni stude ya posita cyangwa ibyuma bitibasiye amashuri. Itose kandi igizwe nitandukaniro rya kabiri riri hagati yiyi verisiyo ya tekinoroji ya techniniya kuva iwambere (Ishusho 5-6).
Itandukaniro rya gatatu riri mu kuba ikibanza cy'imiterere yo kubaka amashanyarazi kidakeneye gukurikizwa mu bugari bw'isahani y'ibibanza, kubera ko igice cy'ikirere cyabaye, kizuzuza icyicaro cya ingano iyo ari yo yose. Iya kane ni uko ibiti byabanjirije bihendutse birenze gutondeka inshuro 2-2.5.
Ibiranga. Ubwa mbere, hepfo (gukandagira) yashizwemo, bigenwa ku rufatiro binyuze mu gice cy'amazi (uburyo buterwa n'ubwoko bw'ifatizo). Noneho, ibice bifatanye na sisitemu yo gukandagira kuri sisitemu ya "Groove" cyangwa ubufasha bwimpande, no hejuru-itambitse, bikaba bigize gukosorwa. Ibikurikira, inzira irasubirwamo.
Hanze, imitwe yimikorere yibyerekeranye nigice cyuzuye cyimigozi yimiterere, hamwe na firime yo kwigana. Igisubizo ni umwobo ufunze hagati yibintu byurwego, aho, hamwe nubufasha bwibikorwa bidasanzwe, kwinjiza byinshi. Ibi bikoresho bikozwe mu mpapuro. Igizwe na fibre ngufi na selile ya antipiren (aside ya boric, 12%) na antiseptike (bora na borati, 7%). Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, humura urugwiro, hagati (Itsinda G2), rishoboye gukuramo amazi agera kuri 20% (kubunini), ariko ryumye, bugarura burundu imitungo yo kwigarurira. Byongeye kandi, irinda hejuru yimbaho kuva kubora. Ubwoya bwuzuye ubusa bwiboneza ubwo aribwo bwose, nubucucike bwabwo mugihe kuniga bishobora guhinduka murwego rwa 5-35 kg / m3. Ikinamico, ni kimwe mu gihe cyo kwisundukira- amafaranga 25. Kuri kg 1.
Ibikurikira, igishushanyo cyagenzuwe gitangwa imbere no hanze yibikoresho byatoranijwe, kandi uwatoranije rwose ikadiri (Ishusho 7). Itose ni itandukaniro rya gatanu kuva igice cya kabiri. Twabibutsa ko urwego rwabaringaniye arirwo rwiterambere ryumwimerere (reba "IVD", 2010, 2010). Iratanga kugeza isosiyete imwe "izaba inzu" (Uburusiya).
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3. Ikadiri kuva i-ciams
Urwego rw'inzu rwaremwe kuva mu bice byakozwe mu ruganda rutangwa n'ibiti bidasanzwe by'imitsi (iki gice gitanga igipimo kinini cy'imbaraga no kurwanya kunama). Kubaka amazu ku buhanga bworoshye: Ubwa mbere mu biti bituma "kuzunguruka" gukosorwa, hanyuma urwego rw'inkuta n'ibice biteranyaga mu ndege yacyo, maze bitangira guhuriza hamwe imirasire ya mbere. Ibikurikira, inzira irasubirwamo. Imiterere y'imbaraga z'igisenge bikorwa kuva mu mirima yiteguye cyangwa ibintu byabo no hejuru y'isahani ya oxc ifite ubugari bwa 15-22mm. Isahani nkiyi yashizwe hejuru no ku biti byo hejuru. Ibice bihujwe hakoreshejwe ibyuma na screw.
Amashanyarazi na Pipes byashyizweho kaburimbo byuzuye no kugabana hasi. Kugira ngo ubigereho, mu bice biri hagati by'amahanga hakurikijwe amategeko amwe, ibyobo byaciwe. Kugirango ukore ibice byurwego rwibice, ubwoko bubiri bwamahanga na sts birakoreshwa.
Ibiti bishingiye ku biti (PHP-BEAS). Ibi biti 2-bikozwe muburyo bwuruganda, bukaze munsi yigitubatu muri linch, stine cyangwa isafuriya ya 3-89 kuri 38mm Kata imirongo 10-15mm ikora imyitozo yurukuta icungira (Ishusho 8). Abakora bamwe bongeye gukosora ibintu bifatika bifatika byimigozi yicyuma. Uburebure bwa cims yarangije - 241-457mm, uburebure - kugeza kuri 12m. Uburemere 1 M- 5-20 kg. Kwerekana ibiti n'inzego zabaturage (Ishusho 9-10), kimwe n'igorofa yihuta hamwe na Sinuste zihuta, na Sisitemu y'imikorere, RNR "," RNR "." Uburusiya) Idr.
Imyanya y'ibyuma (http). Umuntu wese bagize amahanga, ibisigazwa byatanzwe, nkuko bimeze mu biti. Ariko, urukuta ruhuza ntabwo rukorerwa mu isahani ya OSP, no kuva ku ibyuma bisobanuwe byimikino 0.5 z'ubugari hamwe no guhinga polymer (Ishusho 11-13). Imiterere ya Wlof iteganya guturika cyane nibiranga ibiti byiza. Ntabwo hashobora kubaho inkuta nkizo zonyine, ariko ebyiri (ziherereye kure ya 15-20mm murindi). Amazu nkaya ameze neza kurwanya impande kuruta urukuta rumwe.
Urukuta ntiruhakana, ariko bazahatirwa mu gikiro. Kugirango ukore ibi, kurupapuro rwabavura imyanda hamwe nintambwe ya 50mm, amenyo yongeyeho, nimwe mubiti kugeza ubujyakuzimu bwa 20mm. Uburebure bwibyuma bivuwe ni 180-490mm, uburebure - kugeza kuri 24m. Uburemere 1 M-7-27Kg. Inganda ikora yikoranabuhanga, kimwe nimiterere yimiterere, amagorofa yihuta kandi ya sisitemu yihuta ashingiye kuri bo mugihugu cyacu, kugeza ubu
"Imizigo" | 
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"HTS-RASLAND" | 
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4. Urwego rwo kuva kubyumba byatunganijwe
Muri iyi myumvire, urwego rwimiterere yicyuma gahoro gahoro, bisa nibikoreshwa mugushinga imirongo yumye, ubunini nigice muriki gihe ni bike. Byongeye kandi, izimwimurwa zifite aho zifatanije. Urabikesha, inzira yubushyuhe flux kuva kumugezi imwe irarambuye undi hanyuma, igihombo cyubushyuhe kigabanuka kiva mu nyubako ukoresheje ikadiri (Ishusho 14-16). Birumvikana ko ubunini bwibikoresho byumwirondoro nabyo bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe lp - ubunini bwabwo burimo, "imigezi ntoya" yubushyuhe (burya, ubushobozi bwumwirondoro bugabanuka). Kubwibyo, umurimo wuwashizeho ntabwo ari ugukora imiterere ike cyane yo kumwirondoro, ariko nanone kugirango ubone igisubizo cyubaka cyemerera kugabanya igihombo kinini.
Ibiranga. Hano haribintu bitatu byingenzi byo guteranya imiterere ukoresheje imyirondoro itoroshye.
Wubake ku rufatiro. Ibintu byose byasuzumwe byatanzwe mbere yaciwe kandi byanditseho, ndetse no ku mwobo wogucumbagurika kugirango uhuze. Igikorwa cya Brigade yo gukusanya ni ugufata igice kimwe cyinkuta, kurenza urugero cyangwa imirima yo gushiramo no kuzishyira ahantu hamwe nahantu hamwe cyangwa bolts.
"Mini-Igihingwa" ahazubakwa. Ibintu bishyikirizwa urubuga rwubwubato muburyo bwo kumeneka kandi bwanditseho. Kwibonera hafi ya Fore Fonde for Urufatiro rutegura urubuga mbere yo guterana (mubisanzwe ni igitero cyoroheje kumeza ameza yinteko). Ngaho, abakozi bakusanya ikadiri yitsinda rikurikira cyangwa umurima wa rafter, hanyuma uyishyire kuri fondasiyo no gukosora mumwanya wumushinga.
Ibintu byuzuye byiteguye. Ikadiri y'urukuta n'imirima ikusanywa ku ruganda. Kubwibyo, ireme ryinteko yabo ryemeza uwabikoze, rikaba ryihuta cyane akazi kurubuga rwubwubatsi.
Itumanaho. Koresha amahitamo abiri yo kwishyiriraho. Iyo umuyoboro wambere wamashanyarazi hamwe nimiyoboro yuzuyemo imbere yimpapuro zurukuta numurima upimisha, hanyuma bafunzwe no kwigana. Iyo iyakabiri ari iyambere, urwego rwizewe kandi insinga n'imiyoboro ikemuwe hejuru yumunwa urengera. Tuzabanza kwomekaho isafuriya yibicuruzwa byicyuma kumutwe wikadiri, hanyuma trim yimbere. Amahitamo yombi afite ibyiza byabo nibibi; Guhitamo ibi cyangwa ikindi gishingiye kumiterere yaho.
Umusaruro w'amadini utoroshye hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwubatsi b'amazu ryabo ryamenyerejwe na Arsenal St, "insite", "umushushanya" (byose- Uburusiya) Idr. Ibigo byinshi nabyo bikora ku isoko, ibyo ubwabyo bitatanga umwirondoro, ahubwo bikabaka gusa inzego zabo.
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5. Ikadiri yibicuruzwa bikomeye
Ukoresheje kurema imiterere yinzego, imyirondoro ikomeye (Ishusho 17) aho kuba igoye, birashoboka kugabanya cyane igiciro rusange cyimiterere. Amahitamo menshi yo gukoresha ibintu nkibi. Urugero rwa konte tuzareba kabiri.
Itangiriro-Rus (Uburusiya), butanga umusaruro ukurikije tekinoroji yo mu Itangiriro (Kanada), itanga gukora ikadiri y'urukuta rw'inkuta no kurenganya, ndetse no mu mirima y'imyenda gusa mu ruganda. Ku rubuga rwubwubatsi ruzaguma gusa kugirango bahuze hagati yabo ubwabo gushushanya ukoresheje drill (Ishusho 18). Ko rero imyirondoro ikomeye yicyuma idahinduka "ibiraro bikonje" (bikozwe neza cyane, kubera ko ihagarikwa ryabuze), ubwubatsi bwakusanyirijwe inyuma "burya buke hamwe nibura 50mm, kandi iherezo ryo hanze rishyirwa hejuru yacyo (Ishusho. Cumi n'icyenda). Twafashwe gusa imbere yinkuta n'imirima. Kubwibyo, gufungura aho gusiga kumurima wa P-shusho byashyizwe imbere.
Igishushanyo cyumwimerere cyinzu cyatanze igitekerezo cyigihingwa "lissshan" (Uburusiya). Ikadiri yinkuta zinyuma hamwe na Centrepcece yinzu (nayo irakusanyijwe muburyo butandukanye bwa gari ya Gmal ibyuma hamwe na Mm 1.2-1.5 Nubunini bwa 100mm (Ishusho ya 20-21). Akanama nk'iki kagizwe n'impapuro ebyiri z'icyuma hamwe no gukwirakwira, hagati yayo hari urwego rwa polyinethane. Ubugari bwa Kaneli - 1150mm. Impapuro zo hanze zirashobora kuba zoroshye cyangwa zifite amababa, gukora uburyo bwo hejuru. Kurekura imbaho 18, kimwe no munsi yigiti no munsi yamatafari. Guhindura ubwoko bwamababa, amabara n'ibishushanyo, birashoboka gutekereza ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'inkuta zo hanze z'inzu ku rwego rwo gushushanya. Ubuso bwuruhande rwa panel bifite sisitemu yuburyo bubiri na spike. Irashobora kubonwa nka kashe ya labyrint, irinde kwizerwa guhagarika no gukonjesha ingingo.
Imirima ya stropyl yaremwe mubicuruzwa cyangwa ibiti (Ishusho 22). Mu rukundo, parike imwe ya sandwich irabagenewe hepfo, kimwe no kurukuta. Igisubizo gikozwe na atike kubibanza byambere. Umwanya wacyo ukoreshwa kumusozi, abafana nubushyuhe burimo muri sisitemu yo guhumeka murugo, bikubiye muri paki.
Kuva imbere munzu, ikadiri irabiba amabati ya plasterboard mubice kimwe cyangwa bibiri (bisabwe na nyirayo). Muri iyi cavity, urashobora gushyira itumanaho cyangwa wuzuze insulation yabo nziza. Twabibutsa ko tekinoroji yasabwe uyu munsi ari kimwe mu bihe giherereye ku isoko ry'Uburusiya.
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"Itangiriro-Rus" |
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Amazu y'ikadiri
Itondekanya. Kurndate (nkitegeko, anchor bolts) yagenwe numurongo wa antiseppike, ariko kuri yo hamwe nibintu byicyuma cyangwa birebire bikanda ibice: imirima, imirima cyangwa panel. Abateranye ntabwo baturutse kuri panetion ya "Nakata" zisuzugure hakoreshejwe ibisasu byamabuye y'agaciro cyangwa ibikoresho byinshi, kandi hejuru bikurura hasi yashyizwe ahagaragara, bitanga igishushanyo mbonera cyo gucika intege. Gukoresha crane, inkoni ya etage ya etage ya mbere yashizwemo. Kuruhande rwibibuga byo hejuru yiyi panel, bashyizwe kandi bifatanye kubice by'ejo hazaza, hanyuma ibintu byo gutondeka hejuru yabo, kandi inzira yose irasubirwamo. Ibikurikira, bakusanya igishushanyo mbonera, ibisobanuro bifatanye kugeza ku nkuta za etage ya kabiri.
Reba muburyo burambuye uburyo bushimishije bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga.
6. PRIANE N'IMBARAGA N'IMBARA, YISHYA AMAKOKO
Ikoranabuhanga ryatejwe imbere na Miteki (Kanada) ryakiriwe cyane mugihugu cyacu. Abashyizwe ahagaragara harimo imbaho yumurima, igorofa yumurima hamwe numurima. Amakadiri ya Wall yateranijwe ahereye ku gice cyambukiranya 150 na 50mm, uhambire imisumari ihinduka. Ikadiri ya Rack iherereye nintambwe ya 560mm. Ikadiri n'imbere y'ikadiri bizashyirwa ku masahani ya osp hamwe n'ubwinshi bwa mm 10, no imbere - nanone hamwe na plaque ya plaque (Ishusho 23). Kugira ngo ingingo za panne zidahagaritswe, imbere no hanze igifuniko cya kimwe cyinama kinjira mu kindi. Ibara ryinkike zishingiye ku nkingi zakozwe muburyo bumwe, ariko zipfukiranwa kumpande zombi na plasterboard. Igabana imbere ryijimye, amakadiri yabo akozwe mu gice cyambukiranya 100 kuri 50mm.
Imirima ibangikanye (Ishusho 24) ifite igishushanyo cya lattice, bikozwe mu kibaho cyumye cyumye hamwe nigice cya 100. 50mm ihujwe nicyuma-chval - MZP (Igishushanyo cya 25, 26). Imirima irashobora kugira uburebure butandukanye (byibuze 350mm), bigenwa mugihe ushushanya (kubirangiza, gahunda idasanzwe ikoreshwa). Imbere muri nkuyu biroroshye guhagarika itumanaho. Igishushanyo n'imiterere yimirima yimyenda (Ishusho 27), bitewe numutwaro usanzwe, nawo ushyirwaho mugihe ushushanya. Bameze nk'imirima yo gukwirakwira, mu kayira, bikozwe mu gice cya 160 ku ya 500, 125 kuri 50 cyangwa 100 kuri 50mm, bihujwe MZP. Iyo gushiraho, umurima wometse ku rukuta rwibiti no gushushanya.
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"Itangiriro-Rus" |
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7. Prinel ifite ikadiri kuva kumurongo, yatunganijwe na CSP-plaque
Iri koranabuhanga ntabwo rikwirakwira mubunini nkibanze, ariko ntigikwiye kwitabwaho. Yateguwe na Tamak (Uburusiya) hamwe na Tsniiisk. V. Kuchereko, "Amazu ya Tsniiep" n'ibindi bigo byambere. Onna-Yakozwe kuri ubu buryo bwa panel (Igishushanyo 28, 29) - Igiti cyimbaho, ariko ntabwo gikozwe mu kibaho, ahubwo kikozwe ku kibaho, ariko kuva ku kibaho cyumye, ariko kuva ku kibaho cyumye gishingiye ku 144 kugeza 70mm. Ikadiri yuzuyemo ibitagenda neza ubukana bwa 75Kg / m3. Ibi bikoresho biva imbere birinzwe nisumigisho ryumwuka hamwe na sima-chip igifuniko (csp), hamwe nisahani ya CPP gusa. Kuri perimetero yinama, hari imigaragarire idasanzwe itareba gusa gufatanya gusa nyuma yinteko, ariko nanone kwihutisha (kumenya-gutemeranya). Amakadiri ya panel yegeranye yongereye hamwe na bolts. Kubwibyo muri racks, ibyobo biracura mu modoka, kandi ntoya "ntoya isigaye mu gipfukisho cy'imbere cy'imitwe.
CSP-Slacks, irajanjaguwe, ari iy'itsinda ryabagize ubwoba kandi bidafite ishingiro ibikoresho bifite umwotsi muto. Inzu yakusanyijwe mu mitwe, yuzuyeho amasahani nk'izo (Ishusho 30), ifite urugero rwa IV yo kurwanya umuriro kandi icyiciro cyo kubaka umuriro C2 (imiterere isanzwe yimbaho ifite ishingiro ryumuriro). Gukoresha CPSP-Slabs bitanga izindi nyungu zurukuta kugirango gusa (amahitamo yubukungu), kimwe no ku rundi ruhande, umurongo w'amabuye ya porcelain cyangwa ibuye ry'amabuye.
"Tamak" | 
"Tamak" | 
"Tamak" |
8. PANEL NA FIBEBOARD BASE
Nkuko mubizi, umugabane wintare wikiguzi cyo kubungabunga urugo ni ugushyushya amafaranga. Juka-Talo (Finlande), yahawe amazu yacu yimodoka, atanga igisubizo cyuzuye kubibazo byo kuzigama ingufu, harimo ibintu bine byingenzi.
Ibibyitwa bishyushye bya Lmprunko (Ishusho 31, 32) byakozwe hashingiwe ku mibiri ibiri yamenetse ibiti bimaze gusobanurwa ibishishwa bya OSP. Itandukaniro nuko ibiti bya Lmprunko bikozwe mubintu bisa na DVP yacu (MDF), ariko ntibitinya ubushuhe. Ibi biti, ukurikije uwabikoze, kora ibishoboka byose kugirango wirinde kugaragara kw '"ibiraro bikonje" (ni ibintu bifatika bikozwe mu biti bikomeye cyangwa bifatanye).
Umwanya wa Wall - Imiterere yinshi, ikubiyemo umuyaga wumuyaga hamwe nubwinshi bwa 10mm mubintu bisa na pombrane no kurengera neza invir (Finlande) hamwe nubunini bwa 270mm. Iyanyuma yuzuye imbere hamwe na bariyeri ya varirite na plasterboard.
Windows yimbaho yashyizwe mu kanwa ku gihingwa (Ishusho 33) ifite ibikoresho byo kuzigama ingufu-yatsindiye ibirahuri hamwe n'ibirahuri byatoranijwe na Argton byuzuye. Uburinzi bwinyongera kuri bo ni hanze ya aluminium hamwe nikirahure. Dukurikije imari, ubushyuhe nijwi ryumvikana byimitungo nkaho hafi 40% kurenza gakondo.
Ibisubizo bidasanzwe bikoreshwa muguhuza ingingo zabari muri bo hamwe na zone yo guhumurizwa no hejuru.
N'itandukaniro rimwe. Guhindura hasi ya mbere yakusanyijwe ukoresheje Lmprunko uburebure bwa 400mm. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibishushanyo bubyemerera nta mfashanyo yinyongera kugirango yunguruze amashyiga kugeza kuri 8m z'ubugari, kandi niba relegarisation yo kugenzura kubuntu (kandi niba ivugurura rya regique) ryimbere yinzu.
Jukka-Talo. | 
Jukka-Talo. | 
Inzu ya Yucca |
9. Inkwano hamwe nisuku hanze
Inyungu mu mazu asasu muri iki gihe zikura mu Burayi gusa, ahubwo no mu gihugu cyacu. N'ubundi kandi, inyubako nk'iyi itandukanijwe n'ibiyobyabwenge bito cyane - ugereranije na 10% by'ingufu zakoreshejwe mu nzu isanzwe. Noneho Abarusiya bafite amahirwe yo gutegeka inzu ya pasiporo na nyuma yigihe runaka hamagara panel yo kubaka inkuta, yuzuye hejuru ninzurumo. Bizatangwa biturutse ku kigo gikomeye (Repubulika ya Ceki), cyabonye ikoranabuhanga mu Budage. Inyubako izategurwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngende i Burayi: Gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinkuta zo hanze (U) ni 0.18w / (M2 / K) Ijwi Ry 41DB.
Ku rukuta rwo hanze, Thermofasad yo hanze iracyashizwe ku ruganda (Ishusho 39), yambaye plaster. Idirishya ryashyizwe mumyambarire ya PVC itanu hamwe nibirahuri bikiza ingufu. Idirishya n'umuryango w'igorofa ya mbere nabyo bifite ibikoresho by'uruzitiro birinda ibisambo, urubura, urubura n'umuyaga, ahubwo no mu rusaku rwo mu muhanda no gukomera no kwishyuza.
Abakozi ba Ceki bageze hamwe nitsinda ryabapabukuru bazakusanya ku isanduku yumwaka irangiye yinzu muminsi 3-4 (FIG. 34-37). Umunsi wa Ana 85 uhereye igihe cyo gusinya amasezerano azaba asanzwe yinjizwa muburyo bushya (Ishusho 38), afite ibikoresho byose bikenewe mu icumbi, harimo ibikoresho byo mu gikoni hamwe nibikoresho byubatswe. Bizasigara gusa guhitamo, bizana no gutegura ibikoresho mubyumba no kumanika umwenda. Garanti ku gishushanyo cy'inzu ifite imyaka 30. Muri rusange, sinshobora kwizera, ariko ubu mu Burusiya hari amahirwe yo kumva icyo urwego rwuburayi rwuburayi ari. Kubyemera, ibitekerezo bishimishije.
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10. Sip Panels
Iyi iterambere ryabanyakanada ni inzu hagati yikoranabuhanga ryakarengane, kubera ko ibintu birimo bifite igishushanyo mbonera. Ubushyuhe bwubwubatsi-kwigana sip panel (itsinda ryubaka) rigizwe nisahani ebyiri, hagati ya polystyre yinjijwe nkubushyuhe (panel ubunini - 140 cyangwa 164m). Ibikinisho nyuma yo gutya biratema kugirango ubone imbaho zagaciro kemewe hamwe nidirishya ninzu yumuryango. Byongeye kandi, perimetero yibitabo ikuramo ibifuni byinshi, kandi mu mwanya wabyo hari utubari mu biti bya osk muburyo bwo guhuza bushobora guhuzwa na puzzle mubunini (FIG. 43).
Ibiranga. Yateguwe ku rufatiro rw'ibibaho byibasiye imbaho plafhm zometseho panel; Hepfo, irigereza hejuru ukoresheje urwego rwamatahiro (Ishusho 40). Imbaho zifunze aho paine yashizwemo (Ishusho 41) ifatanye ku gisenge (Ishusho 41), mu gihe ikigo gishyizwe mu kibaho cyashyizwe muri Dummy hepfo. Imbeba zihora zihujwe hagati yabo (Ishusho 42), kandi ingingo zose zirashimangirwa no kwitegura. Ikadiri irakusanyijwe "irangi": Iyo inkuta zo hanze zimwe mumwanya wakusanyijwe, zashyizwemo ibice hanyuma ushireho imisozi, kugirango ushireho ibice na Sip nabyo. Nkigisubizo, buri cyumba gihinduka kasho gakomeye hamwe nikaze yacyo, biva muguhuza panel. Rero, selile hejuru ya selire, kubaka agasanduku murugo. Inteko yo gushushanya igorofa ya kabiri bikorwa na gahunda isa. Ibikurikira, ibice byo hejuru byibitabo bya kabiri bihambiriye hamwe na skate ya firnoti ikora, bitwikiriye igishushanyo mbonera cya fenoth hamwe na "igisenge", igisenge ", impera yibiri yishingikiriza, icya kabiri - kuri gukanda urukuta (Ishusho 44). Imbeba ikosorwa hamwe no kwishushanya kirekire. Isahani ishyirwa munsi yumwanya utarya, umutonda uterwa hejuru yacyo, kandi igisenge cyo hejuru gishyirwa kuri nyuma. Ihemu hagati yurukuta rwinzu yinzu yateranye yavuwe hamwe ninyanja idasanzwe (Ishusho 45). Kubera ko bidasabwa ko ari byiza cyane kurukuta rwa Sip Panel, aho itumanaho riva ku nkike zirenga ku rukuta, zishikwa inzira yo hanze.
Ugushyingo 2010 Imurikagurisha "inyubako y'inzu y'inzu" yabereye i Moscou. Yerekanye ko umusaruro w'ikirere n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kubaka amazu yabyo byamenyerejwe ibigo 20 by'Uburusiya, harimo na Navigator PSK, "Rapanstroy".
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11. panel ya furrete
Iri koranabuhanga rishingiye ku gukoresha panels ihungaho ihungaho, abayitabirizi bitwa kudakurwa hasi. Gahunda yo kubaka hamwe no gusaba kwabo yitwaga Eurobau.
Sisitemu ya NLCBO ikoresha ubwoko butatu bwibintu byakozwe kumurongo wa none wa Sommer Antlagechnik (Ubudage) hakurikijwe umushinga winzu. Iyi ni yo mpamvu zinkuta zo hanze, kugirango zikubiteho imbere zihuze. Ibintu byinkuta zo hanze (FIG. 48) bigizwe na tile ebyiri zishimangiwe hamwe nimbere, ihujwe nubunini bwimbere. Gutera Windows ninzugi zubatswe iyo utera. Ubunini bw'isahani ni mm 50, intera iri hagati yabo ni 250mm. Ku rukuta rushyushye, Polystyrene Foam 120mm umubyimba wometse kumwanya wabujijwe kuri plate yo hanze. Ibintu byumushinga kurukuta rwimbere bifite igishushanyo nkicyo, ariko ubunini buke (250mm) kandi ntibyikeruwe hamwe na Polystyrene. Kugirango uhuze, ndetse nibintu byoroshye birakoreshwa, aho hari isahani imwe nubunini bwimigabane yo gushimangira, ariko nta sahani ya kabiri.
Ibiranga. Ku rufatiro, Urukuta rugaragazwa, rukemuwe mumwanya uhagaritse nicyuma gihinduka (Ishusho 47): Igice kimwe cyometse kuri panel, isegonda Isahani ikomeye ya beto nicyo gisabwa). Noneho imbere mu mwobo ku ngingo ndende kandi inguvu ku nkombe zitera imbaraga, zizahuza ibintu byegeranye hagati yabo. Kuva hejuru kurukuta rwumutwe ushimangira (FIG. 46) Yashyizwe "urwego" rubanda rwo gukwirakwira (infashanyo "zikoreshwa neza (infashanyo" zikoreshwa neza (zihujwe nkoresheje imbaraga ziyongera hamwe nurukuta.
Kunyundaho kurengana no imbere kurukuta, imiyoboro na electrocasels barashyizwemo, nyuma ya NLC yashizwemo hamwe na pompe ya beto yuzuyemo metrete (ikirango ntabwo kiri hejuru ya M200), hanyuma ikajugunya hejuru. Inzoti zikimara gutangira, tangira kumushyire kurukuta rwa etage ya kabiri, kandi inzira yose irasubirwamo. Noneho ibice byo hejuru byinkuta za kabiri ziboshye hamwe nigiti-Mauerlat-Mauerlat, aho ibintu bigize igishushanyo mbonera. Igisenge (Ishusho 49) cyakozwe hakurikijwe gahunda imaze guhindurwa.
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Amazu ava mu modoka
Ariko ibipimo ntibishoboka. Hariho ingano eshatu gusa: 11,4- 11.5m (uburebure - 2.5 cyangwa 2.7 cyangwa 2.7 kuri 3,66m, 11,9 kuri 4.7 cyangwa 2.9m). Ingano nkizo ziteganijwe mbere na mbere kubushobozi bwimodoka, aho module izavanwa muruganda rugana ahazubakwa. Ngaho, muri bo, haba muri Cubes (FIG. 50), mugihe gito gishoboka gukusanya amazu imwe cyangwa abiri ashoboka (harimo no kongeramo ibice byo hejuru, ibintu byiyongera, imbere Ni.p.). Nyuma yibyo, biracyahuza gusa muburyo bwo gutumanaho hakiri kare hambere kandi tukabahuza n'imiyoboro yubuvugizi hanze.
Kuva mu bigo by'Uburusiya bitanga amazu ku ikoranabuhanga rya modular, babiri: "igihingwa cy'inyubako mbi" n "" igihingwa cya Vologda cyo kubaka imiterere n'imihanda y'imashini z'umuhanda ". Iya mbere muribo itanga modules, ishingiro ryacyo nikagari. Iya kabiri irekura module ishingiye kuri lsk, ariko, ikibabaje, amakuru yamakuru yerekeye ibicuruzwa ntabwo atanga kuburyo bidashobora ariko kuba maso.
Imbonerahamwe 2. Ibiranga inzira yikoranabuhanga yo kubaka amazu kubuhanga buvugwa mu ngingo| Izina | Gutanga amakuru | Igihe uhereye kuritumiririye kugeza ibikoresho byoherejwe murugo 150m2, umunsi | Uburyo bwo gutanga | Gukenera gukoresha Crane mugihe uteranya | Umubare ntarengwa usabwa wabashyiraho, umugabo | Amabwiriza yo kubaka inzu yinzu afite ubuso bwa 150m2, Sut1 | Kugabanuka kwimura ubushyuhe Ro rw'inki nkuru z'inzu, M2 kuri C / W. | Igiciro cya 1M2, Rublesm2 |
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| 1. Ikadiri ya Cyimbi | »Mosgeoplan | 25. | Ibikoresho | Crane | bitanu | 7. | 3.7. | 62M3 |
| 1. Ikadiri kuva kumurongo | "Ese inzu" | 14-21 | Ikamyo | Ntabwo | Bane | cumi na bine | 3.8. | cumi n'umwe |
| 3. Ikadiri kuva ibiti by'amahanga: oya-seb-slacks | »RNR» | 10 | Ikamyo | Ntabwo | 2. | 10 (4 abantu) | 4,11 | 16.5 |
| - Ukurikije icyuma n'ibiti | »Htc-Rusland | 7-10. | Ikamyo | Ntabwo | 3. | 10-14 (abantu 6) | 5,45.77 | 6.5-8.5 |
| 4. Urwego rwo kuva kubyumba byatunganijwe | »Proctor" | 24. | Ikamyo | Ntabwo | 3. | cumi na bine | 3.62. | icyenda |
| 5. Ibyuma bifatika: -Co Inshinge zo hanze zagutse Polystyrene Foam | »Itangiriro-Rus» | 2. | Ikamyo | Ntabwo | 3. | cumi na bine | 4.5 | 7.5 |
| - hamwe na trimetero yo hanze ya sandwich | »Liscant» | cumi na bine | Ikamyo | Ntabwo | Bane | 10 | 4.0 | 8,1 |
| 6. Inkwano hamwe n'amakadiri ava mu kibaho, yakemuyemo amashyiga ya oak (Mitek) | "Ijwi" | cumi na bine | Eurofur | Crane | 3. | 5-7 | 3.5 | 10 |
| 7. Prinel ifite ikadiri kuva kumurongo, yatunganijwe na CSP-plaque | »Tamak» | mirongo itatu | Eurofur | Crane | Bane | 7. | 3,2 | cumi na batanu |
| 8. Panels hamwe na frame kuva i-gukora bays (jukka-talo) | »Inzu ya Yucca» | 56. | Eurofur | Crane (iminsi 2) | Bane | 3-5 | 5.4. | 28. |
| 9. Imyanya ifite ikadiri y'ibiti no kwigomeka hanze | Umusomyi | mirongo itanu | Eurofur | Crane | 9 (Kuva muri Repubulika ya Ceki) | 3. | 6.35 | 603. |
| 10. Sip Panels | »DSC EKodom" | 7. | Ikamyo | Ntabwo | 3. | 12 | 3,95 | 11.5. |
| 11. panel ya furrete | "Klinstroy-Ibisobanuro" | 45. | Phaneevoz | Crane | Bane | 7. | 3.58. | 194. |
| 12. Module yindaya ishingiye ku gihuru hamwe nurubuga ruto | »Uruganda rwo kwisiga-modular | mirongo itatu | Imodoka | Crane 50 T. | 7. | 7. | 3,96 | 14.5 |
| 1 ukuyemo umwanya wo kubaka urufatiro. 2 ukuyemo ikiguzi cya Fondasiyo. Igiciro cya 1m2 cyigishushanyo cyakusanyirijwe gitangwa muburyo bwo kwitegura imbere ninyuma (inkuta zaciwe na plaque) cyangwa hamwe na mibiri (ubukungu) kurangiza. 3 Igiciro kiri mu buryo bwuzuye bwa "strackey" (urufatiro, itumanaho, burundu imbere, amazi, gushyushya. 4 Igiciro kirimo igikoresho cya rubbon yifatizo no gutwara isahani ya monolithic, hashyizweho itumanaho ryubwubatsi, hashyizweho itumanaho ryubwubatsi, gutegura urukuta na karuke mugihe cyo kurangiza. |
Klinstroyddal, Itangiriro - Itangiriro - Itangiriro - Itangiriro - Itangiriro, "Itangiriro -" Itangiriro, "Itangiriro," DSC EKodom ",". "Ijwi", "- Bukka", Umuso w'inzu, Umusomyi, kimwe n'imurikagurisha ry'ubuhanga bukabije bwo kubaka "urugo rwe" kugira ngo dutegure ibintu.
