Kutshanje, umdla wezakhiwo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo kunye nophahla olutshatileyo luyakhula.
Uphahla olucekeceke luyimfuneko kulwakhiwo lwemodyuli. Phakathi kwezinto eziluncedo zale ndlela kufuneka zibizwe ngokuba yindleko ezifikelelekayo kunye nenqanaba lezindlu eziphakamileyo, kunye nokubakho konyuko olwenziweyo kwindawo yayo
Ngobukhulu obaneleyo bofayili ochumileyo eluphahleni, izihlahla kunye nemithi esezantsi inokukhula
Kuluphahla olusebenzayo, njengommiselo, dibanisa iindawo ezinamacala kunye nendawo enamachwephesha abahamba ngeenyawo ukusuka kwi-stobs ye-pubing okanye iibhodi
Kwiiyunithi zokupasa ii-tunnels zokukhanya, imibhobho ye-flue kunye ne-ventkanals icwangciswe i-gravel drainage
Izixhobo zokwenza amanzi zivuselwa ezindongeni, iparati kunye nemibhobho ukuya kubude obuyi-30 cm
Abayilayo kunye nabaphuhlisi batsalela le izakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga onokuthi uzixhobise iqonga lokubona okanye i-stash igadi yokwenyani. Ewe kunjalo, ekusebenzeni yonke into ijika ibe nzima ngakumbi kunethiyori.
Uyilo lophahla olusesicaba lubangela imibuzo emininzi enxulumene nexabiso layo, ukhetho lwezinto zokufakelwa kunye nokufakwa kwamanzi, umbutho wamanzi, ulondolozo kunye nokusebenza kophahla. Fumana kubo iimpendulo azilulanga. Inyani yile yokuba iifemu zemvumelwano zasekhaya ezisebenza kwicandelo le-cottage kunye nokwakhiwa kwelizwe zaziwa ngowona uyilo olwaziwayo-kwaye amava okwenziwa kophahla olucekeceke alungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo, bahlala bengabenzi.
Ixabiso lophahla olucekeceke
Ukuqwalaselwa kwangoko kutsala ingqalelo kwinto yokuba indawo yophahla olusesihlahlayo ingaphantsi komda, kwaye ke, izinto ezingaphantsi ziya kufuneka, kwaye umsebenzi uza kuxabisa ngexabiso eliphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, le ngxelo isebenza kuphela kwimimandla enemozulu efudumeleyo kunye nomthwalo ophantsi wekhephu, ngaphandle kwale, ukuba sithetha ngophahla olungasetyenziswanga. Kumgaqo ophakathi waseRussia ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina kophahla oluthe tye, kuyafuneka ukuba basebenzise izisombululo zobunjineli bobuchwephesha.Inkwenkwe i-Overlap
Ngokomgaqo, xa kwakhiwe i-overlap, ungasebenzisa indibaniselwano ye-beams (i-Woodn, intsimbi) kunye neprofayile yomphangi. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali azikhuthazi ukwenza imiqadi yeplanga (ngaphandle kwexesha le-LVL kunye necandelo le-200 × 100 kwi-BIRD) kwimimandla yekhephu engaphezulu kwe-1.2 kpa (malunga ne-120 kgf / m2) - Oko kukuthi, uninzi lwentsimi yeRussia Federation. Uphahla lwe-phalldap lentsimbi 2-Axis Axis kunye nomgangatho oqeqeshiweyo kunye nobungakanani beendonga ukusuka kwi-12 mm kunye nobungqingqwa beendonga ukusuka kwi-12 m kwaye unyamezele uxinzelelo oluyi-6 kpa. Kodwa ngokubanzi, kunxunguphele kunekhonkrithi, kwaye kunqabile ukuba kusetyenziswe ulwakhiwo. Kusengqiqweni ukusebenzisa umgangatho wobungcali njengomsebenzi wokungenela ulungelelwaniso, onokuthi, ngendlela, ungayicingeli isidingo sokwakha isakhelo esisesikweni.
Ifoto: "Igadi yombhali"
Ijika i-1 M2 yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi okanye isiseko sentsimbi, amandla okuzola eya kuvumela ukumelana nobunzima bekhabhathi yekhephu, ngamaxesha angama-2-2. Umahluko kwiqondo lokuhamba kwevolumu ye-insule krwada ikhutshiwe ngenxa yokuba izinto ezixabisa kakhulu izinto ezixineneyo ziyafuneka kuphahla lophahla. Kusekho ithemba lokusindisa eluphahleni, nangona kunjalo, i-melymer ye-polymer yale mihla iyindlela ebonakalayo eluphahleni-ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu) iithayile eziguquguqukayo. Akukho mfuneko yokuba fakele ii-shendostandadas, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-hatch yophahla kunye nenkqubo yokuqhutywa kwemitha. Ukuba uzama ukunciphisa iindleko kuqikelelo, kuya kufuneka uhlawule isidingo sokulungisa uphahla kanye emva kweminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15.
Ukuqina kophahla oluthile kuxhomekeke kubuchule bokuthwala isiseko sokusebenza kwemithwalo esebenzayo ngaphandle kwengxaki enkulu
Okokugqibela, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uphahla olucekeceke lufanelekileyo kuphela kwindawo yoyilo lwanamhlanje-kunye nendawo enkulu yokugcwala kunye nokugqibezela okuntsonkothileyo. Ukuba kwaye enye ayisayi kuba naxabiso eliphantsi.
Kwisiseko esomeleleyo
Njengommiselo, kwisakhiwo esisezantsi sendlu, umoya ophahlakeleyo ophahlayo yiplate yekhonkrithi. Iipleyiti zekhonkrithi zekhonkrithi (PB, i-PCs ye-PC, i-PV, njl.njl) zikwazi ukwemba ixesha le-8, 9 okanye i-12,5 kpa (inani lokugqibela ekumakisweni kwemveliso liboniswa kolu bukhulu ). Banokusebenza njenge "isiseko" ngazo naziphi na iipine zophahla, kubandakanya nomaleko ophezulu wezilayidi zokufaka okanye umhlaba ochumileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufakelwa koyilo, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukubonelela ngohlanga kwilori yelori (ngelixa imithi yentsimbi kunye nomgangatho kulula ukuphakamisa i-flounter). Ubunzulu bendawo yokugquma kudonga luxhomekeke kwimixholo yokugqibela-umzekelo, ngezitena, le parameti kufuneka ilingane nobungqindilili beplate. Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke nokufakelwa kophahla, kubalulekile ukuba uvale udibaniso lwezinto ezinesosisombululo kwaye ukongeza itywinwe nge-ralymer ye-polymer ye-polymer.
Ifoto: Arbo.
Eyona nto iphambili kwi-membrane esekwe kwirabha yerabha-bagcina i-elasticy kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, oko kukuthi, banokubekwa ebusika
Ukwahlulahlulwa kophahla olucekeceke
Uphahla olucekeceke lwahlulwe lwahlulwa lungaxhaphaza kwaye luxhanyiswe. Eyokuqala ityelelwe kuphela ngohlaziyo, uthintelo kunye nokulungiswa; Ukulungiselela le njongo, i-hatch yophahla ixhotyiswe apho kukhokelela kwizitepsi ze-attic. Uphahla olusebenzayo kwiindawo ze-cottionals zihlala zikhonza njengendawo ethe tyaba, oko kukuthi, i-coraties enganyangekiyo ichaphazeleke kuyo, kwaye isiseko esisiseko senzelwe imithwalo eyandisiweyo. Iindidi ezixhaphazekileyo - uphahla olunendawo yokubeka umhlaba, endle ngaphezulu kwekhekhe eliphambili lobushushu kunye ne-turf ye-turf. Ngokwesiqhelo kuyazicwangciswa iitrekhi kunye neqonga lokuzonwabisa. Uphahla olusebenzayo kufuneka lubonelelwe ngendlela efanelekileyo, umzekelo, ukusuka kuhambo lwetambo.
I-Monolithic ZH \ B I-Overlap isuswe kwikhonkrithi enzima esebenzisa i-rocked (umzekelo, ukusuka kwiipleyiti ze-OSP kwi-rocket-jacks). Iqinile isakhelo esinamanqanaba amabini okanye amane avela kwi-rods esinemithambo ene-12 mm. Ubungakanani beplate ye-monolithic ayilawulwa (ngokwahlukileyo kwiqela lesizwe), elinika inkululeko yoyilo xa uyila isakhiwo; Ezinye izibonelelo kukunqongophala kwe-Seams, ukulula kokuthelekisa kwesixhobo seyunithi (i-chimney, iVentkanalov) kunye nomthamo ophakamileyo ophathwayo (phantsi kommiselo wobugcisa).
Ukukhuselwa eluphahleni kubabandayo nobushushu
Kwicandelo lokuphakama eliphantsi, ekufumaneni ubuphi umoya ongenamntu, kuba i-attic ifuna iindleko ezongezelelekileyo kwaye inyhashe indawo yoyilo yeNdlu. Ke uphahla kufuneka lukhuselwe kubusika obubandayo nobushushu behlobo. Kule meko, inqaku elipheleleyo lophahla lweflethi kukuba i-suble switter ikwindawo ephezulu ye-Carriers (engxondorheni ihlala phakathi kweedrafti). Ukuba uyafudumele igumbi elingezantsi, i-Dew Points ingaguquka kubungqingqwa bokugqithiswa kwe-overlap, eya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kobomi benkonzo yelokugqibela.
Ifoto: Tytan.
Imastics kufuneka isetyenziswe ikakhulu kuphahla locwangciso oluntsonkothileyo
Ukukhethwa kophahla, ngabantu abaninzi. Wanele ukuba ithethe kuphela kwi-SP 17.13330.2011 ngaphezulu kwe-40 "i-Recipes". Kwangelo xesha, iinkampani - iinkampani-iinkampani kunye nabavelisi be-inshontelo banikezela ngezisombululo zobunjineli ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, bahlala belele kwenye yezikim zengcinga ezimbini okanye isiko okanye isikhumba.
Izikimu zophahla lwesixhobo "Tehtonikol"
Ifoto: "Tokhnikol"
"I-Terrace yophahla lwe-Tn": 1 -Ukugqithisela; I-2-i-vaporizo; I-3-5-I-EPPS (kubandakanya ungqimba lwekhefu); I-6 - iglasi; I-7 - I-Logicroof v-Grmbrane; 8 - I-Geotextile; I-9-I-TIILE kwiiNkxaso
Uyilo lwemveli ngokubanzi lulandelayo: Ubuncinci i-30 kpa, enye okanye ezimbini zomaleko ngobukhulu be-200 mm. Oku kungasentla yingqimba (umzekelo, kwifilimu ye-polythylene), ngokutsho kweyona nto iguqulweyo ye-zoom yesoom igalelwe (uphahla olufihlakeleyo lunika i-2-3% ukuya kwiziko okanye kwimiphetho ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba yamanzi). I-scress eyomileyo isebenza njengesiseko sokuqengqeleka kwamanzi okanye sokufumana amanzi.
Ifoto: "Tokhnikol"
"Uphahla lophahla lwe-Tn": 1 - Ukugquma; 2 - U-Otkladka kwi-ceramisit; 3 -Ukuqiniswa kuqiniswa; I-4-I-Frimous Primer; I-Teblelast Epp "; I-6 - "Gegorelast Green"; 7 - I-Geotextlety; I-EPPs; I-9-I-MMMMPROM HIO; I-10 -iler echumileyo
Olunye ukhetho lunokwenzeka. Umzekelo, ukuthambeka kwe-stred kungabekwa emazantsi ekhekhe; Kule meko, ukuphefumla kwamanzi kulungiswe nge-Grael Ballast, iithayile zokugcina iithayile kwiinkxaso okanye iidosi ezizodwa. Ezinye izinto, masithi senze inkqubo "ruf bland" (i-rocwool) okanye i-teknoikol bias ivumela ukuba wenze i-scred: ipleyiti ilula ukudala ukuntywila kwamanzi.
Uphahla lobutshaba lukhetheke ngendlela eyahlukileyo: kulo, i-interfar enganyangekiyo kwi-extored yamanzi (njengommiselo, i-Polystrene Foram - i-epps) ibekwe phezu kwamanzi. Kwangelo xesha, le yokugqibela ikhuselwe ngokuthembekileyo kumonga woomatshini kwaye ikwindawo yamaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo (i-frezbing kunye nemijikelezo eyahlula-hlula intshabalalo phantse nayiphi na impahla). Uphahla loPristation kulula ukuguqukela ekubeni luxhaphazwe, umzekelo, ulale ngokubulawa kwe-swinage kunye ne-sandbravia kunye nokubeka ii-slabs. Izinto ezingalunganga zesakhiwo zibandakanya amanzi antsonkothileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umyinge kufuneka uthethe ngokwahlukileyo.
Iimfuno ezizodwa zinikezelwa ekufakelweni kwe-thermal yophahla. Izinto ezingafanelekanga ukuba zingasebenzi kuphela zokuphumeza kwe-shirmal, kodwa zixhathise imithwalo yoomatshini - zombini ezi zasasazwa (uxinzelelo lwale migca echazwe apha ngasentla yepayi yepayi, izixhobo) kunye nendawo yengingqi evela kufakelo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba izinto ezizezona zixhobo ze-hydrophobic kwaye azinakutsha. Okwangoku kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufaka interfayili yokufakelwa: Sebenzisa umatshini wezinto ezithile, ukubambelela kunye nokukhululeka. Ukongeza kwi-inculthi yemveli emibini, ilele kungqimba enye iba sisisombululo esifunwayo. I-Rocwool ibonelela ngeepleyiti zoxinaniso eziphindwe kabini, ezinamacala aphezulu aphezulu kunye neyona nto ikhawulezayo yomsebenzi kwaye iphucule umgangatho wabo.
Grigomet gromakov
Ingcali ekuphuhlisweni kwendlela "iphaphapha lophahla lwe-rongwool
Ukususwa kwamanzi kuphahla lophahla
Uphahla olusicaba oluxhotywe nge-parapet (ama-Attic) ukuphakama kwe-30- cm ye-CM, ukunceda ukubonelela ngokususwa kwamanzi okucwangcisiweyo; Kwisiphahla esixhaphazelweyo, ikwasebenza njengocingo lokhuseleko. Kwangelo xesha, kuyilwa uyilo lwemithanga kufuneka lusondele kakhulu, kuba kwimeko yempazamo entlokweni yakho, i-puddle enkulu inokubangela ukuvuza kunye nomonakalo kwizakhiwo ezixhasayo.
Njengomthetho, ukhetho lwenziwa luthando lwe-wanile. Inkqubo enjalo ayinamsebenzi engaphantsi kwefuthe lemozulu kwaye ke ihlale ihleli kwaye ithembekile kune-over. Siza kukuxelela okungakumbi malunga nezinto zayo ezisisiseko.
Iifreyimu zamanzi zifakwe kumacandelo asezantsi asezantsi. Njengommiselo, eluphahleni ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150 m2, i-funnels ezimbini ixhonywe-elona lininzi liqhagamshelwe kulo, kunye nemeko yongxamiseko-kunye nokukhutshelwa kwamanzi ngomngxunya. Ngokwanda kwenani leendlela zokuzonwabisa kunye nomngcipheko, ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kunyuka, kodwa iindleko zayo ziyanda.
Ngenxa yophahla oluthile kunye nophahla olunamanzi, i-finenels ekhethekileyo enamakhonkco achumileyo, esebenzela ukuqokelela umswakama kwiinqanawa eziphakathi, sele ephuhlisiwe. Abamkeli bamanzi kufuneka baxhotywe ngokufudumeza ngombane ngokusekwe ekuzilawuleni intambo - emva koko baya kwenza umsebenzi wabo ngokufanelekileyo xa betshintshana kunye ne-therts.
Umzobo: Vladimir Grigoriev / I-Budadia Media
I-COAGE ingumntu wesintu ophethe i-Drain yangaphandle 1 -Ukugqithisela; 2 -Ukuba nesigculelo salowo wakrwada; I-3-ivaporaizo; 4, 5 - Ukungqiniswa koboya bezimbiwa; I-6 -ingproofisi yamanzi; I-7-Drain
Kwiinkqubo zohlobo olutsha, olubizwa ngokuba yiSihon-vacuum, i-finnels ekhethekileyo isetyenziswa, ukuthintela ukubethwa komoya kukuhamba kwamanzi. Ngenxa yabo, isantya sentshukumo yolwelo kumbhobho (kwaye ke i-bandwidth yeyokugqibela inyuka, enciphisa ububanzi bezinto zenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo ezisezantsi, imali eyonga imali ayibalulekanga, ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo ezinjalo zifuna ukubalwa ngokuchanekileyo kunesicaka.
I-cloinage yenziwa kwimibhobho yothungiweyo - i-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride, kwaye iyavakala ukusebenzisa ingxolo yokufumana iimveliso zengxolo, njenge-raupiano plus (i-rehau), kodwa kungenjalo uya kuva i-murmur yamanzi kangangeyure. Kwi-funnel, ukuphakama kuqhotyoshelwe ngoncedo lwe-elastic. Xa ibeka imibhobho, isixa samadolo kunye nobude bamacandelo athe tyaba ezinciphisa inkqubo ye-bandwidth kufuneka zincitshiswe.
Umbhobho wemibhobho, ubekwe kwigumbi elingaphantsi okanye elinyusiweyo ngaphantsi komhlaba, uqhagamshela ukuphakama ngemvula okanye ubonelela ngamanzi kwitreyini ye-ray. Kwicala lesibini, kukho umngcipheko wokuvala umkhenkce, ke umngcipheko we-ice, ke umngcipheko kufuneka uxhotywe "ubusika" kwi-pumputer yasekhaya (enye kufuneka ixhotywe nge-hydrotherapy). Ityhubhu yempompo icocwa ngokusebenzisa imodyuli ecocekileyo okanye imodyuli yophicotho.
Umzobo: Vladimir Grigoriev / I-Budadia Media
Uphahla olugubungela ukungafihli kunye ne-Inner Drain 1-Stred; 2 - I-PVC Mgrane; I-3 - i-epps; I-4 - i-funnel nge-ring ye-drain; I-5-I-membrane ye-cheminage; Intlabathi; I-7 -ive
Xa ukhetha ubukhulu izinto kwenkqubo yemveli omxhuzulane, umfutho imvula kule ndawo, ugxininise joint venture 32.13330.2012.
Inkqubo ye-suble yangaphandle isengozini enkulu nangaphakathi, kwaye ichaphazela imbonakalo yamabala, kodwa ayifuni ukuba ifowuni ingena ndawo yophahla kwaye ingayityi kwaye ingayityi indawo yeNdlu. Amanzi akhutshelwa ngaphandle kwe-sumapet okanye imibhobho etywiniweyo, apho kufakwe khona i-cynels cynels (efana nophahla olunamanzi) kunye nemikhonto eqhotyoshelwe kwiindonga zezibiyeli. Xa ubabalayo, isekwe kwinto yokuba imitha nganye yemitha yendawo ephantsi kufuneka ibalwe i-1-1.5 cm2 yamacandelo emibhobho. Izinto zenkqubo yangaphandle zingenziwa nge-PVC, intsimbi, ubhedu, zinc-titanium.
Ngophahla olusebenzayo, kunye nophahla olufanelekileyo kwimimandla enemimandla enobunkunkqele, iskimu esiphazamisayo sigqibelele. Kuba umaleko ophuma emanzini uphantsi kwe-inshurensi ye-thermal, ikhuselwe kwiziphumo zoomatshini, kunye nokungabikho kwamaqondo obushushu amahla kunye ne-UV, ekwandisa inkonzo yobomi benkqubo yokuphumla. Izinto zokugcina amanzi asekwe kwi-biture ye-bitures kufuneka ibekwe ubuncinci beendawo ezimbini - itekhnoloji enjalo ixhaphake kakhulu, kwaye ukongeza, ikuvumela ukuba ugalele iimpazamo ezinokubakho xa i-pro Kwi-memymer membrane, umaleko omnye wanele, kwaye ukuthembeka kubonelela ngezixhobo ze-wolding ezizenzekelayo, ezonyusa isantya somsebenzi. Ukongeza, xa ubeka i-polymer membrane ayisebenzi idangatye elivulekileyo, ke itekhnoloji ithathwa njengekhuselekileyo ngakumbi.
I-DMMMMY MIKHAILIDIDI
Intloko yeZiko lobuNjineli neZiko lobuGcisa kwiCandelo lezoBugcisa beCandelo leTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji
Uphahla lweGadi
Uphahla lwentonga olugubungele lusetyenziswe kumazwe anemozulu ebandayo kwaye inomswakazi, kunye nekhaphethi eluhlaza esenze umsebenzi ophambili wokukhusela umswakama.Njengenxalenye yengcinga yanamhlanje yophahla olunamacala, unamacala omhlaba ochumileyo kuyafuneka ukwenza izinto ezingaqhelekanga zesakhiwo, ihonjise i-terrace yophahla kwaye yandise ukusuka kwi-Trays, ivale ukusuka kwi-istraviolet rays. Ukongeza, ifumana amanzi emvula, ikhuphele iidrafti, icofe isandi semvula, sikhusela indawo yomgangatho ongaphezulu ukusuka kwihlobo kwaye kunciphisa ilahleko yobusika. Kukholelwa ukuba umhlaba ukhaliphile kabini udlulisa ubomi benkonzo yophahla. Izinto ezingalunganga ziquka ukonyuka kwemithwalo yenkxaso yezakhiwo kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zokwakha. Ukongeza, ikhaphethi eluhlaza kufuneka ilumke, ubukhulu bayo buxhomekeke kwiindidi zezityalo ezikhethiweyo. Ukuba ayithathi thabatha ingqalelo efanelekileyo, baya kukhululeka kwaye bafe kwimbalela.
Ukucutha amanzi, uphahla kufuneka lubekwe ngaphezulu kwe-subroof the theter theterprooof theist (ngesikim esingaphakathi-ngaphezulu kokufakelwa) i-insumpa ibonelela ngomaleko ophuma emanzini, ukucocwa kwamanzi emvula. Ngeenjongo, iifilimu ezizodwa zisetyenziswa, i-geotetives ye-medings, imigangatho ye-gravels okanye i-scoinage-molnent ye-geothylene, njenge-geo ye-geo okanye iFelta-Floraxx.
Emva koko wagalela umxube wezimbiwa kunye nezichumisi - obizwa ngokuba ngumhlaba. Ingazilungiselelwe ngokuzimeleyo ngokongeza i-clamzite encinci kwi-Peat engathathi hlangothi (5-15%), isanti (malunga ne-20%) kunye nezichumisi. Ke izityalo, eyona ndlela ilula kukuthintela i-turbuelity ye-temow kunye ne-ractor-imbalela - se-sedom, i-clofu, i-cloves-herbicap, i-herbicap, i-herbicap, i-herbicap, i-herbicap, ye-herbicap, i-herbicap, i-herbicap, i-herbicap, ye-herbicap, i-herbicap. Kubo, akukho mfuneko yokuba ulungiselele inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela, kwaye ubukhulu bomhlaba bunokuba yi-6-12 cm (uphahla lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuba lubanzi). Ukuba uceba ukuhamba phezu kophahla phakathi kwamatyholo okuhlobisa, kuya kufuneka ubonelele ngamanzi kwaye wonyuse umthwalo owongezelelekileyo, kufuneka zinikezwe kulo uyilo lwesakhiwo.
Uyilo lwe-terrace lubonelela ngomyalezo ofanelekileyo phakathi kwendawo yokuhlala ye-cottage kunye nophahla olusebenza, olukhonza indawo yokuphumla.
Iipleyiti ezenziwe ngokukhanya kwekhonkrithi zinokubekwa ngaphandle koncedo lwe-crane
Nangona kunjalo, kumthamo weplate yeplate yokukhanya okukhanyayo kwikhonkrithi 1.7-2.2 amaxesha abephantsi kwiimveliso zemveli
Ukugquma ukusuka kwi-Prof-hling phantsi kwimingxunya yentsimbi kusetyenziswa ikakhulu kulwakhiwo lophahla olungasetyenziswayo
Izinto eziqengqelekayo ngokusekwe kwi-bitumed eguqulweyo, njengommiselo, zisetyenziswa nge-rubner yegesi, ngelixa kunzima ukuthintela iimpazamo ezincinci ezinokubangela ukuvuza (ukuba akukho machiza lesibini)
I-welding esemgangathweni ye-PVC yokulawula amaqela okulawula lula
I-SOO YOKUZIPHATHA "(ROF Bluff" (Roctwool) (Rocwool) ikwahlula imithwalo yendawo ebalulekileyo evela ekufakweni kwe-insullol yokufakelwa kwe-thermal
Ufakelo lwento yokufakelwa kobushushu
Ukufakwa kwamanzi okubulala kwenkqubo ye-drainage
I-PVC membranes itsiba i-Steam kwaye ikuvumela ukuba wenze ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezingapheliyo. Ziqiniswe ngeKrisimesi yeglasi, iiracks ze-pulsting kunye nomonakalo kwi-fungus, ezilula kufakelo
Inkqubo yendawo yokuphumla eflethini kufuneka irekhodwe rhoqo. Ukongeza, kufuneka ixhotywe ngenkqubo yokufudumeza (ye-drainage yangaphakathi, le mfuneko inyanzelekile)
Xa ufaka uphahla, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa kwiindawo zokudibana ne-parapets, iindonga, imibhobho. Kwezi ndawo, amacandelo onxantathu afakiwe, athintela ioksijini yezinto ezingena emanzini. Ukunqongophala kwe-versis kwi-bimous bimumult bimous yimpazamo yokwakha
Akukho kuvuza
Iphepha kunye ne-Coatings kunye ne-Coatings azifanelekanga ukuba uphahla lweflethi: Amanzi aya kuvuza ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngokuzonwabisa kwezinto. Ke ngoko, sisebenzisa izixhobo eziqengqelekayo kunye ne-mastic. Sibanika inkcazo emfutshane.Rolls oqinile ophahla lwe-polymer-bimous . Amandla oomatshini kwezi zixhobo ngamaxesha amaninzi ngaphezulu kunekhadibhodi yophahla (i-rubberoid, kuphela). Ukulungisa i-Adsporatives eyandisa ukumelana nokufuma, umoya kunye ne-ultraviolet. Lo mbandela ujijeke kwisiseko se-mastic, imilinganiselo ye-mact yoomatshini okanye (uninzi) luyasuswa. Ingubo yangaphantsi yophahla ("iTehnoelast Epp", "i-Infollex Epp", "waqhekeza i-TPP", "i-Tect Ecp", "hydrostezole tcp", njl. ). I-Mills yesibini ifakwe kwi-sumb yeminerali enciphisa umngcipheko woko umlilo kwaye ukongeza ukhusela kumonakalo woomatshini kunye ne-UV. Ixabiso lokungasebenzi kwamanzi zombini iintlobo eziphantsi- ngokusuka kwi-65 nakwi-ruble i-150. Kwi-1 m2, kunye nobomi benkonzo yekhephethi ophahla yiminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30 ubudala.
Qengqeleka i-pvc membranes Umzekelo, i-Sikaplan WP, I-Logicroof, i-Ecoplast yahlulwe ngamandla kunye nokuqina (ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-30 ngaphandle kokulungiswa) kwaye ayixhasi i-quassotion. Nangona kunjalo, bafuna indlela yokufakelwa kofakelo (amajoni eebhendi kufuneka abekwe ngononophelo ngomoya oshushu) kwaye babiza kakhulu - ukusuka kwi-ruble ezingama-320. I-1 m2. Kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ukuba le nto ayinyamezeleki uqhagamshelane ne-bitumen.
Qengqeleka i-membrane kwirakhi-ye-Ethylene-Proplene (EPDM) kunye ne-thermoplastic polyolefins (i-TPO) Umzekelo, i-firedard yelitye, i-logicroof p-rp, igcine i-elasticy kubushushu obuphambili. Qaphela ukuba i-epdm-membranes ye-googogouchi (iklasi ye-G4) kwaye yenzelwe ikakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ekwakhiweni kophahla oluxhaphakileyo lophahla, apho kugqunywe amanzi ngeethayile, igravel okanye umhlaba. I-EPDM kunye ne-TPO Membrane yi-1.3-1.5 amaxesha abiza kakhulu kune-polyvinyl chlorinkl chloride (iimveliso ezingeniswa ikakhulu).
I-polymer-bitmen mastics Vumela ukuba udale umkhwa ongagungqiyo, kodwa kuyavuma ukufaka isicelo se-ofisi eyomeleleyo, efakwe i-slab ye-Overlap okanye i-tie yolondoloze ngokupheleleyo, kwaye le nkqubo ide kwaye ide kakhulu kwaye ide ibe yinto yokubaleka. Ubomi be-mbini-hleka ezimbini bunengxaki ye-5 mm - malunga neminyaka engama-20, ixabiso livela kwi-ruble eyi-120. I-1 m2. Ukuziqhelanisa, i-mastic isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuba ilungiswe uphahla kunye nezixhobo eziqengqelekayo.
I-polymer kunye ne-cemence-polymer ye-bulk yamanzi , Thetha i-Aquascud, i-Osmolastic, Osmoflex, yahlulwe ngamandla amakhulu
kunye nokuqina kwi-ultraviolet. Ukuphucula iimpawu, izixhobo zisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-primus ekhethekileyo kunye neefilimu ze-lining, zomelezwe nge-fiber yemineral (onke amacandelo anikezelwa njengenkqubo enye). Inkonzo yokuHlaliswa kobomi-ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50; Ixabiso-ukusuka kwi-ruble ezingama-700. I-1 m2.
Uphahla lweflethi: Imbonakalo yePragmatics
| Izibonelelo | ukungancedi |
|---|---|
| Ukuphelisa i-Avalanche SOFITION kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa komkhenkce. | Ifuna iindleko ezibalulekileyo zesiseko esisesiseko esinengxaki yokuphatha. |
| Ibonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kwii-chimneys, umngcipheko we-ventilation, i-eriyali; Xa kuthelekiswa nomsebenzi kube lula ukugcina nokulungisa. | Ukuvezwa kwezinto zemotosfic kunophawu, ke ngoko ke kuyaqinisekiswa kuphela ukuba kukho izinto ezixabisa kakhulu. |
| Inokusebenza njengeqonga lokuzihlaziya, itreyini. | Ifuna ukuqwalaselwa konyulo kunye nemeko yenkqubo yokuntywila (ngakumbi kunye ne-drainage yangaphakathi). |
| Ukutyibilika okungaphantsi komthwalo womoya kunophawu. | |
| Ikuvumela ukuba uphumeze umgaqo-nkqubo woPhuculo lweMpuma oluPhathiweyo (ukwenza ulwandiso kwiNdlu ngophahla lobungakanani, kuya kufuneka usombulule umsebenzi onobunzima bokwakha kunye noyilo). |