Muva nje, izintshisekelo zezakhiwo eziphansi zophahla oluphansi zikhula.
Uphahla olusicaba lufunwa ekwakhiweni okusemthethweni. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zale ndlela kufanele kubizwa ngokuthi izindleko ezingabizi kanye nezinga eliphakeme lezindlu, kanye nokuthi kungenzeka kube nokwanda kwendawo yalo endaweni yalo
Ngokukhulu okwanele kongqimba oluvundile ophahleni, izihlahlana nezihlahla eziphansi zingakhula
Ophahleni olusebenzayo, njengomthetho, hlanganisa izindawo ezibunjiwe kanye nezindawo ezihlanganisiwe zabahamba ngezinyawo kusuka ku-slabs noma amabhodi
Kumayunithi adlulayo wemigudu ekhanyayo, amapayipi angenzeka kanye nama-ventkanals ahlelwe amatshe amatshe amatshe
Izinto ezingenamanzi zikhuphuke ezindongeni, epanini kanye namapayipi kuya ekuphakameni okungenani kwama-30 cm
Abakhi bezakhiwo nabathuthukisi baheha lezi zakhiwo ezingajwayelekile lapho ungahlomisa khona ipulatifomu yokubona noma ukushaya ingadi yangempela elengayo. Vele, ekusebenzeni konke kuvela ukuthi kube nzima ukwedlula umbono.
Idizayini yophahla oluyisicaba ibangela imibuzo eminingi ephathelene nenani layo, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwenziwa kokufakwa kanye nokufaka ngaphansi kwamanzi, inhlangano yamanzi, ukulungiswa kwamanzi, ukugcinwa kanye nokusebenza kophahla. Thola izimpendulo azilula kangako. Iqiniso ukuthi amafemu okuthola izinkontileka zasekhaya asebenza emkhakheni we-cottage kanye nokwakhiwa kwezwe kwaziwa kahle ngomklamo owaziwa kakhulu - ubukhulu, futhi isipiliyoni sokwakhiwa kophahla olufulethi oluhlelwe ngokuhlukile, ngokuvamile abanalo.
Izindleko zokuphahla okufulethi
Ukunakwa ngokushesha kudonsela ukunaka eqinisweni lokuthi indawo yophahla oluyisicaba ingaphansi kwesilinganiso, ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka izinto ezimbalwa, futhi umsebenzi uzobiza ashibhile. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitatimende sisebenza kuphela ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nomthwalo weqhwa ophansi, naphezu kwalokhu, uma sikhuluma ngophahla olungaxhasiwe. Emigodini ephakathi yeRussia ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuqina kophahla oluvundlile, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izixazululo zobunjiniyela ezibizayo.Ukunqwabelana komfana
Ngokuyinhloko, lapho kumiswa ukumbonga, ungasebenzisa inhlanganisela yemishayo (ngokhuni, insimbi) nephrofayili yenethiwekhi. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abancomi ukusebenzisa imishayo yokhuni (ngaphandle kwe-LVL ngesikhathi se-LVL ngesigaba esivela ku-200 × 100 mm) lapho ingcindezi yesembozo seqhwa idlula khona 1.2 kgf / m2 / m2 / m2) - Lokho wukuthi, iningi lendawo ye-Russian Federation. Ukwehla kophahla kwemishano yensimbi engu-2-axis kanye nokuphakama kwe-wave kusuka ku-60 mm kanye nobukhulu bezindonga kusuka ku-0.7 mm kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudlula kwenani elingamamitha ayi-12 futhi limelane nengcindezi okungenani engu-6 KPA. Kepha ngokuvamile, ayinakuqina kangako kunekhonkolo, futhi akuvamile ukuthi isetshenziswe ekwakhiweni komuntu ngamunye. Kunengqondo ukusebenzisa i-Professional Flooring njengefokulo engahleleki, okuthi, ngendlela, ayikhansele isidingo sokwakha uhlaka lokuvuselela kabusha.
Photo: "Ingadi yomlobi"
Kuvela ukuthi i-1 m2 yesisekelo sikakhonkolo osicaba noma wensimbi, amandla okuphatha azovumela ukumelana nesisindo sekhava yeqhwa, kungu-2-2,5 izikhathi ezibiza kakhulu ukwenziwa kophahla lwamapulangwe. Umehluko ku-Flow Flow Rate Rate of the Insursuss uvezwa ngenxa yokuthi into ebizayo yobuningi obukhulu buyadingeka ophahleni oluyisicaba. Kusenethemba lokuthi uzosindisa ophahleni, noma kunjalo, ama-membrane anamuhla we-polymer angena ngaphansi kwamanzi avundlisayo ophahleni oluvundlile - awekho ashibhile (futhi kwesinye isikhathi abiza kakhulu) amathayili aguqukayo. Akudingekile ukufaka amaqhwa eqhwa, kepha ngaphandle kwe-hatch yophahla kanye nohlelo lokudonsa amanzi akwazi ukukwenza. Uma uzama ukunciphisa izindleko ngokulinganisa, kamuva kuzofanela akhokhe isidingo sokulungisa uphahla kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-10-16.
Ukuqina kophahla oluyisicaba kakhulu kuncike emandleni okuvumisayo ukumelana nemithwalo yokusebenza ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okubalulekile
Ekugcineni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ophahleni oluyisicaba kufanele bafanele kuphela ezindlini zokwakha zanamuhla - nendawo enkulu yokukhazimulayo nokuqediwe okuyinkimbinkimbi ngezinto zakamuva ze-facade. Ukuthi kanti enye ngeke isabizi.
Esisekelweni Esiqinile
Njengomthetho, esakhiweni esisezingeni eliphansi sendlu, ukugcwala kophahla okufuywayo kuyipuleti ukhonkolo eqinisiwe noma ye-monolithic eqinisiwe. Amapuleti kakhonkolo aqinisiwe (i-PB, ama-PC, njll, njll.) Ayakwazi ukuqoqa isipayisi esifinyelela ku-9 m futhi amelana nengcindezelo 8, 9 noma 12.5 KPA (isithombe sokugcina ekuphawuleni komkhiqizo kukhonjiswe yilokhu kuphatheka ). Bangasebenza njenge- "base" nganoma yimaphi amaphayi ophahla, kufaka phakathi ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-slabs noma inhlabathi evundile. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kokwakheka, kuzodingeka ukuhlinzeka ngomjaho elolini leloli (ngenkathi imishayo yensimbi kanye nephansi kulula ukunyusa ngosizo lweFlounder). Ukujula kokugqagqana odongeni kuncike kokuqukethwe okungokwakamuva - ngokwesibonelo, ngezitini, le pharamitha kufanele ilingane nobukhulu bepuleti. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokufakwa kophahla, kubalulekile ukuvala amalunga ezinto ngesisombululo futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kuvalwe uphawu ngeribhoni le-polymer.
Photo: Astbo.
Inzuzo esemqoka ye-membranes esekelwe kwinjoloba yokufakelwa - bagcina ukulimala emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okungukuthi, bangafakwa ebusika
Ukuhlukaniswa kophahla oluyisicaba
Uphahla olufulethi luhlukaniswe ngokungaxhaphaza futhi luxhashazwe. Owokuqala uvakashelwa ukubuyekezwa kuphela, ukuvimbela nokulungiswa; Ngale njongo, i-hatch yophahla ifakwe lapho kuholela khona izitebhisi ze-attic. Uphahla olusebenzayo emakamelweni luvame ukuba njengethala, okungukuthi, ukuhlanganiswa okuhlala isikhathi eside ukugqokwa kwalo, futhi isisekelo sokuthwala senzelwe imithwalo eyengeziwe. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuxhashazwa - Ukuphahla okunamaphaphu anezindawo, zasendle ngaphezulu kwekhekhe eliphambili lokushisa elifudumele nge-turf; Imvamisa amathrekhi ahlelwe kanye neplatifomu yokuzilibazisa. Uphahla olusebenzayo kufanele luhlinzekwe ngendlela elula yokuphuma, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ohambweni lweTambour.
I-monolithic zh \ b I-Overlap yakhiwa kusuka kukhonkolo osindayo usebenzisa okususwayo (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kumafayili e-OSP kuma-rockets-jacks) noma okuhlanganisiwe (kusuka efomini (kusuka ku-cortrugated )formwork. Kuqiniswa ifreyimu ye-welded yeleveli emibili noma ene-ezine kusuka ezintanjeni ezinobubanzi obungu-12 mm. Ubukhulu bepuleti le-monolithic abalawulwa (ngokungafani nethimba lesizwe), elihlinzeka ngenkululeko yomakhi lapho behlela isakhiwo; Ezinye izinzuzo ukuntuleka komthungo, ukuqhathanisa ukuqhathanisa kwedivaysi yamayunithi adlulayo (Chimney, Ventkanalov) kanye nomthamo ophakeme (ngokuya ngomthethonqubo wezobuchwepheshe).
Ukuvikelwa ophahleni kusuka kubanda nokushisa
Emkhakheni ophansi ophansi, efunwa kakhulu ophahleni olungasethwa olungenamoya, ngoba i-attic idinga izindleko ezengeziwe futhi yephula isilinganiso sezakhiwo sendlu. Ngakho-ke uphahla kufanele luvikelwe ekushiseni okubandayo nobusika. Kulokhu, isici esiphelele sophahla olufulethi ukuthi ungqimba lokushisa olufudumele lutholakala ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo senkampani (edwaleni kuvame phakathi kwezimbobo). Uma ufudumele igumbi elingezansi, iphoyinti lamazolo lingashintsha libe ukushuba kokudlula, okuzoholela ekwehlisweni kwempilo yenkonzo yamuva.
Photo: Tytan.
AmaMastics kufanele asetshenziswe ngokuyinhloko ophahleni lokucushwa okuyinkimbinkimbi
Ngokuqondene nezinketho zophahla, ziyinqwaba. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi kuphela ku-SP 17.13330.2011 kunikezwa ama-40 "zokupheka". Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkampani - ukumboza kanye nabakhiqizi bezinsikungatha banikela ngezixazululo ezintsha zobunjiniyela. Kodwa-ke, zihlala zithola enye yezinhlelo ezimbili zemiqondo - yendabuko noma i-invilson.
Izikimu zophahla lwedivayisi "Tehtonikol"
Photo: "Tekhnonikol"
Ithala le-tn-lophahla ": 1 - ukumboza; 2 - I-Vaporizolation; 3-5 - I-EPPS (kufaka phakathi ungqimba olwakhekezayo); 6 - I-Glassball; 7 - i-logicroof v-grmbrane; 8 - Geotextile; 9 - Ithayela Ekusekelweni
Idizayini yendabuko ngamagama ajwayelekile ngokulandelayo: Ifilimu le-Vapor Barrerier (Polypropylene, i-polyethylene, isibonelo, isibonelo, isibonelo, isibonelo, ukufakwa, ukufakwa kwamathafa amaminerali ngamandla acindezelayo akhona at okungenani 30 KPA, eyodwa noma ezimbili ungqimba onobukhulu obungu-200 mm. Lokhu okungenhla kungukuhlukaniswa kwe-Hart amanzi). I-Screen eyomile isebenza njengesisekelo se-congrowed noma i-applyproofing coating.
Photo: "Tekhnonikol"
"I-TN-Roofing Luhlaza": 1 - Ukugqagqana; 2 - Otkladka kusuka ku-ceramisit; 3 - Isisulu esiqinisiwe; 4 - I-Bitumininous Primer; 5 - "I-Technoelast EPP"; 6 - "I-Technoelast Green"; 7 - Geotextile; 8 - I-EPPs; 9 - I-membrane planter geo; 10 - ungqimba oluvundile
Ezinye izinketho kungenzeka. Isibonelo, ukufunwa kwesikrini kungabekwa phansi kwekhekhe; Kulokhu, ukuphakahla kwamanzi kabusha kulungiswe nge-baltast yamatshe amatshe, amathayili abunjiwe kuzinsekela noma ama-dowel akhethekile. Ezinye izinto zokwakha, ake sithi uhlelo "ruf Bland" noma iTekhnonikol Bias ikuvumela ukuba wenze ngaphandle kokuhleleka: amapuleti anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, futhi ngosizo lwabo kulula ukudala amaconsi abushelelezi ukuze aqinisekise ukudonsa kwamanzi.
Uphahla lokungenisa lufanelekile ngendlela ehlukile: Kulo, ukumelana nakumelana nokuvezwa okuqhubekayo kwamanzi (njengomthetho, i-polystyrerererenerenerererenerenerenereneren - I-EPPS) itholakala ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, okwenzeka ngokuthembekile kuvikelwe ngokuthembekile kumonakalo wemishini futhi kusendaweni yamazinga okushisa amahle (ama-fresing kanye nemijikelezo ye-defrost kuyabhubhisa cishe kunoma iyiphi impahla). Uphahla lokungenisa kulula ukuguqula luxhashazwa, ngokwesibonelo, ukulala ngokufakwa ngongqimba lwe-sandbravia lokudonsa kanye nokubeka ama-slabs. Ububi besakhiwo buhlanganisa ukudonsa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukudonsa kudinga ukukhuluma ngokwahlukana.
Izidingo ezikhethekile zethulwa ekufakweni okushisayo kophahla oluyisicaba. Izinto ezibonakalayo akufanele zibe ne-coefficied ephansi kuphela, kodwa futhi zimelana kahle nemithwalo emishini - zombili ezatshalaliswe (ingcindezi yezendlalelo ezingenhla zephayi ephahleni, imishini, iqhwa) kanye nokuvela kwasendaweni okuvela ekufakweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo zidle izici ze-hydrophobic futhi azinakho. Okwamanje kunezindlela eziningana zokufaka ukufakwa kwe-thermal: usebenzisa ama-fastener mehendi, anamathela nokubeka mahhala. Ngaphezu kokufakwa kwendabuko okunezingqimba ezimbili, ukubeka engqimba olulodwa kuba nesixazululo esifunekayo ngokwengeziwe. I-ROCKWOOL inikeza amapuleti ahlukile okubumbana kabili, aqukethe ungqimba olunzima futhi olukhanyayo oluphansi, olusheshisa umsebenzi futhi luthuthukise ikhwalithi yabo.
Grigory gromakov
Uchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kokuqondiswa "kophahla olufulethi" lwe-rockwool
Ukususwa kwamanzi ophahleni oluyisicaba
Uphahla olufulethi luhlome nge-parapet (attic) ngokuphakama kwe-30-90 cm, isiza ukuhlinzeka ngokususwa kwamanzi okuhlelekile; Ophahleni oluxhaphaziwe, futhi lusebenza njengocingo lwezokuphepha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka kwamatshe kufanele kusondele kakhulu, ngoba uma kwenzeka kunephutha ngaphezulu kwekhanda lakho, i-puddle enkulu ingahle ifomu, esongela ngokuvuza kanye nomonakalo kwizakhiwo ezisekelayo.
Njengomthetho, ukukhetha kwenziwa esikhundleni sokudonsa kwangaphakathi. Uhlelo olunjalo alutholwa umthelela womkhathi futhi ngenxa yalokho ahlala isikhathi eside futhi athembekile kunangaphandle. Sizokutshela okuningi ngezinto zalo eziyisisekelo.
Amanzi afakwe ezingxenyeni eziphansi zophahla. Njengomthetho, ophahleni olungafika ku-150 m2 m2, kufakwa ama-funnels amabili - okuxhunyiwe ku-riser, kanye nesimo esiphuthumayo - enolango lwamanzi emgodini. Ngokwanda kwenani le-funnels kanye nezimpikiswano, ukuthembeka kohlelo kuyanda, kepha izindleko zalo ziyanda.
Ngokuphambuka kanye nophahla olusezingeni eliphezulu, imithwalo ekhethekile enezindandatho zokudonsa, ukukhonza ukuqoqa umswakama kusuka ezingxenyeni eziphakathi, ziye zakhiwa. Abathola amanzi kufanele bahlome ngokushisa kukagesi ngokususelwa kukhebula lokuzilawula - khona-ke bayokwenza kahle umsebenzi wabo lapho beshintshana amashuna namafriji.
Umdwebo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media
I-coating iyindabuko nge-Outer Drain 1 - Ukugqagqana; 2 - Ukugqugquzelwa kwalesi screen; I-3 - vaporizolation; 4, 5 - Ukufakelwa koboya obunamaminerali; 6 - Ukugoqa okungangeni manzi; 7 - Drain
Ezinhlelweni zohlobo olusha, okuthiwa yi-Siphon-vacuum, kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile, ukuvimbela ukuncela komoya ngokugeleza kwamanzi. Ngenxa yabo, ijubane lokunyakaza koketshezi epayipini (ngakho-ke i-bandwidth yokugcina) iyanda, enciphisa ububanzi bezakhi zohlelo. Kodwa-ke, ngezakhiwo eziphakeme, imali eyongile ayibalulekile, ngaphezu kwalokho, lezo zinhlelo zidinga ukubalwa okunembile ukwedlula amandla adonsela phansi.
I-drainage yenziwa kumapayipi we-SEENER - i-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride, futhi kunengqondo ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yokuthola umsindo, efana ne-raupiano plus (rehau), noma kuzwakala kahle i-riser, uma kungenjalo uzokuzwa ukububula kwamanzi amahora amaningi. Kwama-funnel, i-riser inamathiselwe ngosizo lokuhlanganiswa okuzwakalayo. Lapho ubeka amapayipi, inani lamadolo kanye nobude bezingxenye ezivundlile ezinciphisa uhlelo lwe-bandwidth kufanele luncishiswe.
Ipayipi le-drainage, elibekwe ngaphansi komhlaba noma elifakwe ngaphansi komhlaba, lixhumanisa i-riser ngendle yemvula noma inikeze ukusetha kabusha kwamanzi ku-trayage drainage eqondile. Esigabeni sesibili, kunengozi yokuvalelwa ngeqhwa, ngakho-ke i-riser kufanele ifakwe "ubusika" ngempompo ye-Domen Sendle (eyokugcina kufanele ifakwe nge-hydrotherapy). Ishubhu lempompi lihlanzwa nge-compound evuthayo noma imodyuli yokucwaningwa kwamabhuku.
Umdwebo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media
Uphahla olumbozayo nge-inversion yangaphakathi 1 - Isisulu; 2 - I-PVC membrane; 3 - I-EPPs; 4 - I-funnel ngendandatho yokukhipha; 5 - Ulwelwelwelwesi lwe-Drainage; 6 - Isihlabathi; I-7 - Ithayela le-Paving
Lapho ukhetha osayizi bezinto zohlelo lwendabuko lokudonsa amandla, ukuqina kwemvula kule ndawo, kugxile kwi-venture ehlanganyelwe 32.13330.2012.
Uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi angaphandle lusengozini enkulu kunaphakathi, futhi luthinta ukubukeka kwalezi zimbobo, kepha aludingi idivaysi yezimbobo ophahleni nokungena ngaphakathi futhi ayidli indawo ewusizo yendlu. Amanzi akhishwa ngokusebenzisa ama-parapet funnels noma amapayipi avaliwe, lapho kufakwa khona ama-funnels asendulo) kanye nemikhondo ehlanganisiwe) kanye nemikhombe enamathiselwe ezindongeni zamabakaki. Lapho kubalwa, kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi imitha yesikwele ngayinye yendawo yophahla kufanele ibalwe nge-1-1.5 cm2 yezingxenye zamapayipi ama-drainage. Izinto zohlelo lwangaphandle zingenziwa nge-PVC, i-Steel, yethusi, i-zinc-titanium.
Ophahleni olusebenzayo, kanye nophahla olufanele ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esinzima, uhlelo lokuguqula luphelele. Njengoba ungqimba lwamanzi angaphansi kwamanzi kungaphansi kokufakwa okushisayo, kuvikelwe emiphumeleni emishini, kanye nasekushiseni kwamaconsi kanye nemisebe ye-UV, eyandisa kakhulu impilo yenkonzo yohlelo lokuphapha. Izinto ezivimbela amanzi ezisuselwa ku-bitumen elungisiwe kufanele zibekwe okungenani izingqimba ezimbili - ubuchwepheshe obunjalo buvame kakhulu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, likuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele emaphutheni angaba khona lapho impahla ihamba. Ngomhlaka we-polymer, ungqimba olulodwa kwanele, futhi ukuthembeka kuhlinzeka ngemishini yokufaka i-welding, ekhulisa ijubane lomsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ufaka i-polymer membrane ungasebenzisi ilangabi elivulekile, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe bubhekwa njengophephe ngokwengeziwe.
Dmitry Mikhaildi
Inhloko yeNjiniyela Nezobuchwepheshe Center for Directorate Directorate of Technicokol Corporation
Ukuphahla Kwengadi
Uphahla olumboziwe ophahleni lusetshenzisiwe emazweni ngesimo sezulu esibandayo nesinomswakama ngokulinganayo, futhi ukhaphethi oluhlaza wenza umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuvikelwa komswakama.Njengengxenye yomqondo wanamuhla wophahla olusezingeni eliphakeme, ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile onezitshalo luyadingeka ukwenza izici ezingajwayelekile zesakhiwo, ukuhlobisa impilo yophahla futhi usondeze imisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imunca amanzi emvula, alayishe imisele yemvula, avikele imisindo yemvula, avikele izakhiwo zesitezi esiphezulu ekushiseni ngokweqile ehlobo futhi anciphise ukulahleka kokushisa ebusika. Kukholakala ukuthi ukwakheka komhlaba cishe kunwebe kabili impilo yenkonzo yophahla. Okubi kwaso kufaka phakathi ukwanda kwemithwalo yokuxhaswa kwezakhiwo zokwakha kanye nokwanda kwezindleko zokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhaphephe eliluhlaza lidinga ukuqaphela, ubukhulu bokuthi kuncike ezinhlotsheni ezikhethiwe zezitshalo. Uma kunganaki kahle, zizoqina futhi zibulawe ngesomiso.
Ngokuzimela, uphahla kufanele lubekwe ngaphezulu kwesendlalelo esikhulu esingangeni manzi (ngesikimu sokungenisa ngaphakathi - ngaphezulu kokufakwa) Iphayi eyengeziwe kusuka ku-pres apples azohlinzeka ngesendlalelo sokufaka amanzi kusuka ezimpandeni, ukuhlunga kanye nokususwa kwamanzi emvula. Ngalezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa amafilimu akhethekile, ama-geootellits anobukhulu, amabhentshi amatshe amatshe noma ama-memperres omswakama avela ku-polyethylene ephezulu, efana ne-plapter geo noma i-delta-floraxx.
Ngemuva kwalokho yathela ingxube yamaminerali kanye nomanyolo - okubizwa ngokuthi yinhlabathi substrate. Ingalungiswa ngokuzimela ngokungeza i-clamzite encane ku-peat engathathi hlangothi ekhanyayo (5-15%), isihlabathi (cishe ama-20%) nomanyolo. Ngokuqondene nezitshalo, indlela elula ukukhawulela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-meadow kanye nenhlabathi emelana nesomiso - sedumom, Clove-herbicap, thyme. Kubo, akudingekile ukuhlela uhlelo lokunisela, futhi ubukhulu besendlalelo senhlabathi bungaba ngu-6-16 cm (ophahleni lwalolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi lubanzi). Uma uhlela ukuhamba ophahleni phakathi kwezihlahla zokuhlobisa, kuzofanela unikeze ukuchelela futhi wandise ubukhulu bomhlaba kuya ku-20- 40 cm. Lo mthwalo obizwa ngokuthi umthwalo obalulekile wokugqagqana, ngakho-ke kumele unikezwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo.
Idizayini yethala ihlinzeka ngomlayezo okahle phakathi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala ze-cottage kanye nophahla olusebenzayo, okhonza indawo yokuphumula.
Amapuleti okwenziwe ngokhonkolo okuqiniswe kokukhanya kungafakwa ngaphandle kosizo lwe-crane
Kodwa-ke, emandleni okuthela ipuleti kusuka kukhonkolo oqinisiwe kokukhanya 1.7-2.2 ngaphansi kwezikhathi zendabuko
Ukugqashuka okuvela kuma-prof-flooring emishalweni yensimbi kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kophahla olungapheli
Izinto zokugoqa ezisuselwa ku-bitumen eguquliwe, njengomthetho, zisetshenziswa ngokushisela kwegesi, kuyilapho kunzima ukuvikela amaphutha amancane angadala ukuvuza (uma kungekho ungqimba lwesibili)
Amabhendi we-Welding Quality PVC Coating ukulawula kulula kakhulu
Amatshe e-Stoner
Ukufakwa kokufakwa okushisayo
Ukufakwa kwezingubo zohlelo lokudonsa amanzi
Ama-membranes we-PVC weqa umusi futhi akuvumele ukuthi wenze ngaphandle kwamadivayisi aqeda amandla. Baqiniswa ngoKhisimusi we-Glass, ama-racks ama-punctures nomonakalo wokugunda, akulula kakhulu ekufakweni
Uhlelo lwe-flat roof drainage kufanele lubhalwe njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ifakwe uhlelo lokushisa kagesi (lokudonsa kwangaphakathi, le mfuneko iyaphoqelekile)
Lapho ufaka ophahleni, ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwa ezindaweni ezihlangene kumapharapets, izindonga, amapayipi. Kulezi zindawo, kufakwa izingxenye ezinxantathu, zivimbela umoya-mpilo wezinto ezingavikeleli ekugobeni. Ukuntuleka phambili ophahleni olugoqiwe lwe-bituminous yiphutha lokwakha
Akukho ukuvuza
Ishidi kanye nezingubo zokugembula azifaneleki uphahla oluyisicaba: Amanzi azovuza ngokungenakuphikwa ngamahlaya ezinto. Ngakho-ke, sisebenzisa izinto ezisombile kanye ne-mastic. Sibanikeza incazelo emfushane.Uphahla oluqinisiwe lwe-polymer-bituminous . Amandla kaMshini walezi zinto eziphindwe kaningi kune-Cardboard ye-Rugh board (iRubberoid, kuphela). Izengezo eziguqula ukukhulisa ukumelana nomswakama, umoya kanye no-ultraviolet. Okuqukethwe kuthathwe esisekelweni se-mastic, ngokomishini noma (imvamisa) kuyasuswa. Izimbozo zezendlalelo eziphansi zophahla ("Tehnoelast EPP", "Uniflex Epp", "BrepPlust TPP", njll.) Futhi nge-ECPP ECP "," I-Unifleclozazole TCP ", njll. ). Ama-mills wesibili afafazwe yi-mineral crumb eyehlisa ubungozi bomlilo futhi ngaphezu kwalokho evikela ngomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini kanye nokuvezwa kwe-UV. Izindleko zokufaka amanzi angenamanzi zombili izinhlobo ze-low - ngokulandelana kusuka kuma-65 futhi kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-150. Okwe-1 m2, kanye nempilo esezingeni eliphakathi kwekhaphethi yophahla yiminyaka eyi-15-30.
Roll PvC membranes , ngokwesibonelo, i-Sikaplan WP, i-Logicroof, i-Ecoplast ihlukaniswa amandla nokuqina (kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30 ngaphandle kokulungiswa) futhi ayisekeli ukuhlanganiswa. Kodwa-ke, zidinga indlela yobungcweti yokufaka (amalunga amabhendi kufanele afakwe ngokucophelela ngomoya oshisayo) futhi abiza kakhulu - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-320. ngo-1 m2. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi le nto ayikubekezeleli ukuxhumana noBitumen.
Ulwelwesi oluvela ku-ethylene-propypene rubber (i-EPDM) kanye ne-thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO) Isibonelo, i-firestone rubbergard, i-logicroof p-rp, gcina ukuqina kokushisa okungalungile. Qaphela ukuthi ama-strogoruchi e-strogoruchi (Class G4) futhi aklanyelwe ukuwasebenzisa ekwakhiweni kophahla olusetshenzisiwe, lapho kufakwa khona amanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi ambozwe ngamathayili, amatshe noma inhlabathi. I-EPDM ne-TPO membranes yi-1.3-1.5 izikhathi ezibiza kakhulu kune-polyvinyl chloride (ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo engeniswe).
I-Polymer-Bitumen Mastics Vumela ukuthi udale ukubheja okungenamthungo, kepha kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa kuphela isizinda esiqinile, esingenakuqala - isisekelo sokugqagqana noma uthayi oqiniswe ngokuphelele, futhi le nqubo-ubukhulu. Isikhathi sokuphila okunama-ungqimba amabili ngobukhulu obungu-5 mm - cishe iminyaka engama-20, intengo isuka kuma-ruble ayi-120. ngo-1 m2. Ekusebenzeni, i-mastic isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukulungisa ophahleni kanye nezinto zokwakha ezigoqiwe.
I-Polymer kanye nosimende-polymer bulk materproofing , yisho i-aquaskud, osmolastic, osmoflex, uhlukaniswa ngokuqina okuphezulu
nokuqina ku-ultraviolet. Ukuze uthuthukise izici, kusetshenziswa izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokuhlanganiswa nama-primers akhethekile namafilimu okulahla, aqiniswe nge-fiber yamaminerali (zonke izinto zinikezwa njengohlelo olulodwa). Impilo Yenkonzo Yokuhlala - iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50; Intengo - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-700. ngo-1 m2.
Uphahla oluyisicaba: ukubukwa kwe-Pragmatics
| Izinzuzo | Okubi |
|---|---|
| Isusa ukufana kweqhwa le-avalanche futhi inciphisa ingozi yokuwa kweqhwa. | Idinga izindleko ezibalulekile zedivayisi eyisisekelo enekhono eliphakeme lokuthwala. |
| Inikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuma-chimneys, izikhundla zomoya omncane, antenna; Qhathanisa nobubanzi obekulula ukulugcina nokulungisa. | Kuvezwa okuningi kwizici zezulu kunesilinganiso, ngakho-ke ukuqina kuyaqinisekiswa kuphela uma kukhona izinto ezibizayo. |
| Ingasebenza njengeplatifomu yokuzijabulisa, ithala. | Kudinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe kulungiselelo kanye nesimo sohlelo lokudonsa amanzi (ikakhulukazi nge-drainage yangaphakathi). |
| Okukodwa okungathathina kwemithwalo yomoya kunesilinganiso. | |
| Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise umgomo wokwakhiwa kwezimo ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba (ukwenza isandiso endlini ngophahla lwemikhawulo, udinga ukuxazulula umsebenzi onzima wokwakha nokuklama). |