Itekhnoloji yokwakha yendlu efudumeleyo efudumeleyo kunye nomgangatho we-Mannard yekhonkrithi: Iipropathi zezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nenkcazo yomsebenzi owisiweyo.
I-Fom ikhonkrithi namhlanje iyanda ngakumbi kwaye ithandwa kakhulu. Ngokuthe ngcembe wagxotha izikhundla kwizinto zokwakha zesiko njengezitena, ikhonkrithi kunye neenkuni. Siza kuxelela eli nqaku ukuba yenze njani indlu efudumeleyo kuyo.
Kutshanje, rhoqo ekwakhiweni kweendawo ze-cottages ukhetha iibhloko zekhonkrithi zeFom. Namhlanje siza kukwazisa kwitekhnoloji ekuvumela ukuba wakhe ifudumele kunesiqhelo, indlu evela kwezi zinto. Siza kukhumbuza ezinye zeempawu zekhonkrithi ye-foam ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo.
Xa Izinto Esibonisa "Phefumla"
Ukusetyenziswa kweebhloko ezinkulu (400300250mm) kunciphisa ubunzima bomsebenzi wokwakha kwaye ubakhawuleze malunga ne-4. Kule meko, ukuxinana okuncinci kwento (nge-600kg / m3- 3 amaxesha amancinci ngaphantsi kwe-Brick) ikuvumela ukuba unciphise kakhulu iindleko zothutho kunye nokufaka. Iibhloko zentloko zinokunqunyulwa, zingqongqo, ziginya, ukuqhuba, kulungile, okwenza kube lula ukuba kwakhiwe iindonga kunye ne-gasket yonxibelelwano. Enye impahla emangalisayo yekhonkrithi ye-foam - i-vapor i-vapor (amandla okutsiba umphunga wamanzi, ihlala ikhona emoyeni yendawo yokuhlala) isondele kuwo umthi, kwaye kulula ukuphefumla.
Ukukhuselwa kweendonga kwikhonkrithi ye-fom
I-Perosity ayizizo kuphela izibonelelo zayo nje, kodwa nekhonkrithi ye-tham - i-foam ikwazile ukufunxa umswakama, kwaye ukuba iyakrazula, iibhloko zingawa. Kungenxa yoko le nto kuyimfuneko ukukhusela umphezulu wedonga lweendonga ezivela kwi-themospicrication. Kodwa oku kufuneka kwenziwe ukuze kunganciphise ukunciphisa umphunga we-vapor wesakhiwo sodonga.Ukubandakanywa kokhuseleko olunjalo kusebenza i-vapor-feck spentes-failing yepeyinti elandelayo ye "Deafeble", iplasitiki (iplasitiki okanye intsimbi) okanye i-nyibila. Abaxhasi be-potem "Ikhaya lam yinqaba yam" ikhetha ukugqiba isitena. Kodwa nakuphi na ukuthathwa yile nto, kufuneka unike umsantsa ophakathi kweselula, Ngaphandle kokufumana ithuba lokuphuma, iya kuqalisa ukusiphumela kwicandelo eliphakathi kwezixhobo ezibini, kwaye nakubukhulu bodonga, ukuba ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi aya kukhokelela ekutshabalaliseni Iindonga ze-Foam ze-Foam kwiNdlu: ngaphakathi kwi-suidity ephezulu (igumbi lokuhlambela okanye ikhitshi) i-rooporaf ye-radic yokuthambisa okanye eyahlulwe ziithayile ze-ceramic.
Sukumkhupha ubushushu ekhaya
Ubunzima be-foam yekhonkrithi kwiyunithi enye bunokutshisa ubushushu kwi-R03M2m2c / w, ephantse ihlangabezane nemfuno zogcino lobushushu lweRussia. Ukuba udonga lwekhonkrithi ye-porous luvalelwe ngezitena (kunye ne-ventilation), ke ixabiso layo i-R0 liya kuba malunga ne-4m2c / w. I-Akak yenza ukuba indlu isafudumeza? Kuyimfuneko ukuqhubeka nokufaka ngakumbi iindonga, umzekelo, umaleko onokuqina ngokwaneleyo of Polystrene ubuxoki, ukuba uyibeka phakathi kwekhonkrithi ye-fom kwaye ujonge. Ukuchasana nobushushu obutshintshileyo kunokubangelwa ngu-4.5-5m2c2c / w nangaphezulu.
Ewe, inyanzeliso olufihlakeleyo phakathi kwekhonkrithi ye-fom kunye nezitena? Ukuze ukwazi ukuyenza ngaphandle kwawo, inkqubo kufuneka isebenze ngempumelelo - inkqubo yendalo okanye enyanzelisiweyo. Emva koko onke amagqabantshintshi amanzi avele kwinkqubo yomsebenzi woqoqosho lwabantu, endaweni yokuba angeniswe kwiindonga zekhonkrithi ye-fom, ziya kuphuma ngaphandle. U-Othom, njengoko iingcali zenkampani "Isitayile-1" Yakha indlu enjalo, siya kundixelela ngakumbi. Le nkqubo ithathe malunga nonyaka: Ibhokisi yakhiwe ngexesha lokufudumeza, kumhlobiso wangaphakathi obandayo.
Isiseko
Indlu enendawo epheleleyo ye-298m2 yakhiwa ngokweeprojekthi zomntu ngamnye, apho yonke iminqweno yabanini bathathelwa ingqalelo. Ukusukela kwinxalenye yelali ye-cottage, apho kwakhiwa isakhiwo, inqanaba lomhlaba laliphezulu kakhulu, bagqiba kwelokuba benze ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala (ayikho kumakhaya esele bemi khona indawo eyakhiweyo).
Ekuqaleni, bamba ubunzulu bamalunga ne-1.7 m (ngezantsi kwendawo ephantsi komhlaba). Emazantsi ezantsi, Isiseko seSiseko sabekwa kubunzulu bama-350mm; Bacwangciswe i-sandy (i-200mmm), kwaye emva koko igrabile (i-150mm) yemiqamelo, inqanaba eliphezulu lalilinganayo emazantsi omhadi. Kwizizathu ezilungisiweyo ezifakwe umkhondo wamaplanga; Isakhelo sokuqina sabekwa kuyo, emva kwekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, ngaloo ndlela ukufumana itheyiphu yesiseko ekuphakameni kwe-300mm.
Xa ikhonkrithi iqulene, iindonga zesiseko sexesha elizayo kwiibhloko ze-FBS (1500600 400mm) ziphakamile kwiibhloko ezine ziphakamile. Babekhohlisiwe kumacala omabini nge-bimous missic (kumacandelo amathathu), ngaloo ndlela bekhusela ukunyakama komhlaba. Ukusuka ngasentla kwiibhloko, umaleko wokungasebenzi kwamanzi (i-hydrohotelool) yasetyenziswa, emva koko yabekwa imiqolo elithoba yobubanzi be-brick forms m150. Kuyafuneka ukulungelelanisa umphezulu weteyiphu yesiseko ukwenza i-monolithic ngaphezulu. Bukela imigca eyenziwe ngasemva, iyimfuneko ekuhlaleni kwendawo phantsi komgangatho. Ngaphaya koko, kumphetho wangaphandle we-Bribbon, udonga olucekeceke lweebhulukhwe (malunga nobubanzi obungaphezulu, malunga ne-24 cm ubukhulu, ephantse ilingana nobungqiwanga kwixesha elizayo Udonga olwenziwe kufuneka lusebenze njengohlobo lwendlela, oya kuthi ugcine i-coritete umaleko kumacala xa ugalela i-monolithic ashlithic. Amacala ayo afakwa i-theint ye-polystrene foam 100mm.
Iindonga zeSiseko ziphakanyisiwe kwiibhloko ze-FBS, zongeza kwiindawo zokugoba (umzekelo, phantsi kwesandiso sexesha elizayo, kunye nokuba ubude bazo abuyileyo kubude bebhlokhi, i-Brick Sundry. Iibhloko zazibekwe kwisisombululo sesanti sesanti kunye nokunxiba, njengoko ukubeka ibeka izitena, kwaye ikwahlukane nomswakama womhlaba nge-bitumen mastic.
I-Doull
Xa usenza isiseko se-onsep njengomsebenzi ongezantsi osuswayo, amashiti omgangatho wobungcali asetyenziswa. Isakhelo sokuqinisa ifakwe ngaphezulu kwabo (intonga enomgangatho we-20mm sasisetyenziswa) kwaye sayiphakamisa kumgangatho oqeqeshiweyo malunga ne-70mm besebenzisa ii-70mm besebenzisa iiBeacons zentsimbi.Ngaxeshanye kunye negumbi elingaphantsi, umgangatho wegaraji wacwangciswa, inqanaba le-1.2 m ngaphantsi kwe-overlap. Apha, umgangatho wobungcali awukasebenzi. I-Sandy Pilmeme (i-200m-200mm), eyayitywina ngokupheleleyo kwaye ikhutshiwe, emva koko i-rubble ifakwe ngaphezulu komqamelo kunye nomhlaba oxhaphazayo. Ngaphezu kwesiseko esilungiselelwe ngale ndlela, kwaqokelelwa isakhelo sokuqinisekisa (ngokweetekhnoloji enye ngokwesiseko ngaphezulu). Emva koko umgangatho wegaraji kunye ne-overlap yesiseko yayithunyelwa ngekhonkrithi ye-M300 ye-M300 Ikhonkrithi (uMateb - 2200ME). Igumbi lesiko lesiko lasekhohlo lemingxunya yokungeniswa kokunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nemibhobho yothumo, kunye nesetyhula yombane.
Uncedo lweNdlu
Isebenza ekwakhiweni kweendonga zaqala ngokulandela isisombululo-isisombululo esinesanti secala le-subser of theick yesihlwele (esebenzise ubushushu obunobushushu be-goltsyn yesitena se-goltsyn. Kwangelo xesha, kwiindawo eziya kongezwe kumhlobiso ongezelelweyo ongezelelweyo (umzekelo, phantsi kokuvula iifestile, apho udonga lwaqokelelwa ziithayile), isebenzise isitephu esiqhelekileyo (esingesiso esingesiyo).
Ekubeni wadala khazi ka-300 mm kujikelezo kwi kujikelezo, oko zigqunyiwe evela ngaphakathi kunye kwamacwecwe istro amagwebu 100mm kwaye baqalisa ukwakha iindonga ukuthwala yangaphakathi langaphandle, ukubeka iibhloko amagwebu eziphathekayo ukuya isicombululo. Yonke imiqolo emithandathu yezitena zobuso, ehambelana ubude beebhloko ezimbini ze-foam, i-garding yadityaniswa nodonga lwekhonkrithi le-Foam ngegridi yokuqiniswa kwentsimbi (i-vanter inqunyulwe). Ngaphakathi kumgangatho ophezulu ochazwe yiprojekthi, zombini i-Masonry iqhagamshelwe omnye komnye kumqolo ngamnye weebhlokhi. Iibhlokhi ezinqunyaziweyo zifunyenwe ngokusiva isixhobo esipheleleyo sesandla.
IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA (Imigodi) ye-ventilation, eyinxalenye yeendonga zangaphakathi, iposwe kwizitena, ngelixa i-Masry eyenziwe ngeendlela ezithe nkqo. Iindonga ze-foam ezixineneyo ze-foam zezam zaya zixhunyiwe kusetyenziswa i-Grid yokuqiniswa phakathi kwezitena. Lilonke, imigodi emithathu yanikezelwa endlwini.
Xa usenza i-Window Ukuvula iwindows, ukujonga imigangatho kumacala abo kwabekwa ukuze zidityaniswe kwi-protrusions eziza kuvala umsantsa phakathi kweWakhe yeWindow nodonga. Iwindows kunye ne-jumers esebenzise iintlobo ezininzi. I-Gumpete yekhonkrithi esezantsi enecandelo le-220120mm libekwe ngababini. Phakathi kwazo, ngokunjalo phakathi kwe-jumper yangaphandle kwaye ixhaswe ngaphezulu kwesitena (ixhaswa ngaphezulu kwefestile yokuvula, ikona yentsimbi idityaniswe, igqunywe ngepende ye-anti-corrosion) yabekwa ungqimba lwe-polystyrene foam. Xa isixhobo se-jumpers esingaphezulu komnyango wezindonga phakathi kwemiqadi kunye ne-polystyrene foam (kule meko, isebenza njengesandi).
I-jumpers yoqwalaselo olungekho mgangathweni okanye i-sped yenziwa kwindawo yokuqiniswa ikhonkrithi. Xa usenza iWindows windows, ikhonkrithi yongenisanga i-curring curring (izitena zabekwa kwimodeli yomthi omiselweyo). Ezi jumpers zaye zafakwa kwi-polystyrene eyandisiweyo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, xa iindonga ezivela kwiibhloko zempumlo ziye zakhiwe, kumacandelo azo aphakathi kunye naphezulu kuyacetyiswa ukuba acwangcise i-carts ethengisayo. Ukongeza, ibhanti kwicandelo eliphezulu lodonga liyadingeka kuba amaqhina e-Overlap akufuneki abekwe ngqo kwiibhloko zekhonkrithi ze-Fom. Kule meko, zombini i-beltete i-belts igqibe kwelokuba ukwala. Inyani yile yokuba ziyafuneka ikakhulu xa i-overlap yenziwa ukusuka kwiplate ezilandelwayo. Kwakukho ne-monolithic efikisayo, ngenxa yoko ibhanti yenziwa phantsi kwayo kwindawo ephezulu yodonga, kodwa hayi ikhonkrithi, kodwa isitena.
Kancinci malunga ne-Overlaps
Phantse itekhnoloji efanayo njengegumbi elingaphantsi, yenza umgangatho wokuqala ngaphezulu: usebenzise umsebenzi ongezantsi obonakalayo ovela kumgangatho wobungcali, isitena se-Lateral I-IT.D. Umahluko phakathi kwe-Brick Ventilations iziseke kwangaphambili ngaphezulu kwenqanaba eliphezulu le-Overlap, kwaye emva koko ubandise ngakumbi kumgangatho wesibini. Ukuze izisele zingakhukuliswa ngekhonkrithi, bazivalela ukuba banciphise ubugwebi be-polystyrene, kwaye bayigubungela irabhasi ngaphezulu.Emva kwekhonkrithi efunyenwe amandla, eqhubeka nokubekwa kweendonga zomgangatho wesibini, zakhiwa ecaleni kwendlela efanayo neendonga zokuqala. Ukunyusa kweMaurolal (ixesha lexesha le-150150mm) ngaphezulu kodonga lwangaphandle lwegaraji, kunye nayo yonke imijikelezo yeendonga zendlu ngokwayo ibeka iintonga zentsimbi.
Iingxaki zomoya
Ezimbini kwezintathu zokuzonwabisa ezenziwe kwindawo yokuqala kwi-gorick brick. Kule meko, ubukhulu be-mandry yayimalunga ne-380 mm, engadlulanga iparamitha ehambelanayo yeebhloko zeendonga ze-foam (ezingama-300 mm). Isibakala sokuba imigodi ivela eludongeni, abanini bangenakufana kwaphela, kwaye banyanzelisa ukuba ubukhulu babunjalo. Inzame yokugawula "iprotrusion" ithweswe impumelelo ngempumelelo nganye kwimigodi emibini. Okwesibini kwakufuneka kudityaniswe ngokupheleleyo, emva koko bakhuphe, kodwa sele bevela kwizitena ezigcweleyo.
I-my yesithathu, eyona nto inzima kakhulu, bekungafuneki ukuba iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iposwe kwi-bite epheleleyo. Ukongeza kwi-ventricanov ezintathu, umoya kwigumbi le-Boiler kunye negaraji (la magumbi mabini asebenza itshaneli enye), igumbi lokuhlala lisebenza kwi-chimneys yesibini, kukho i-chimneys yesibini kunye nendawo yerhasi. Iindlela zokutshaya iVoBA zisekwinqanaba lokwakhiwa kweemigodi ezibekelwe imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto. Iindlela zangaphandle zazo zona zonke iimigodi ezintathu zinemibhobho yeplastiki enobubanzi be-110-160mm. Umphezulu wayo ongaphakathi udala ukumelana ne-moya mncinci kwaye kuthintela uthuli.
Ukucofa amajelo eemigodi ze-winntilation (Kukho ezintathu endlwini, kwaye kwi-canal nganye) uthathe isigqibo sokusebenzisa imibhobho ye-PVC ye-PVC. Enkosi ngokupheliswa kwabo, ukungqinelana okukhulu kudalwa ngokulula ngetywina. Imibhobho enkulu ihombisa imbonakalo yendlu, ngoko ke ihonjiswe, inamatha ngethayile ye-ceramic, idityaniswa ngombala ngeethayile kwisiseko nakwi-facade.
Ngaphezulu kolunye uluhlu, abachweli
I-Maueuelalat ibekwe ezindongeni kwaye yayigcina ngoncedo lweentonga zensimbi zentsimbi ngemibhobho kunye namantongomane eneekheshe. Eyona nto iphambili ekwenzeni inkqubo ye-raftter enikezelwe njengebhodi yokusika enecandelo le-20050mm. Ekuqaleni, yayicetywe ukusebenzisa iithayile ze-bitume eziguqukayo njengophahla, kodwa ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwabenini bacela ukuba bathathe indawo yakhe yendalo.Ukufezekisa lo mnqweno, umyili kuye kwafuneka abuyise iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-RAFTO kwaye aqinise uyilo (ubunzima be-tiles yendalo yinto enkulu kakhulu). Isiphumo sasisetyenziswa ziibhodi ezifanayo zika-2000mm, kodwa zabhangiswa (zonke izinto ezihlaselweyo zaba zizihlandlo ezi-2 ubude, ubude bayo bungaphezulu kwe-1,5m), i-bitch ye-BOLT (i-Poltid Screds (i-Polting Screds). Inyathelo elihlanganisiweyo - i-600mm. Isibakala sokuba imilenze ye-raf yenziwa ngeebhodi ezimbini zinenzuzo ebonakalayo kwizithuba ezikhulu ungahlukanisa ubude. I-Atch ye-Attic Otlap yenziwa kusetyenziswa iiplanga ezifanayo. Iibhodi zokusika zibekwe ngaphezulu kwaye zisendaweni ephakathi kwe-mineral Wool Wool Wool (iRussia) ibekwe kwindawo ephakathi kwayo njengendawo yokufakwa kwesandi.
Imigca yegaraji ilula, njengophahla lwayo. Isiphelo esinye seRafter sisekwe kwi-bar, esiqhotyoshelwe eludongeni lweNdlu ngeeBhola ze-Anchor, yesibini ukuya eMauerlat, ilele eludongeni lwegaraji. Zonke izinto zenkqubo ye-raftter kunye nokugqobhoza emhlabeni ziphathwa nge-flame yokuzala.
Uphahla lwethayile
Ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya kwiinyawo ze-rafter eziqhotyoshelwe ifilimu ye-Vapor "Yuta, iRiphabliki yeCzech Wools), emva koko i-rocwools ye-rocwool (i-rocwool) ye-purwols, kodwa i-vapor Impahla engenanziweyo ye "Yutafol yafakwa ngaphezulu kwabo d ithengisa" (Juta). NguKlumpila, icinezelwe kwi-aregalitseli (icandelo lebhloko le-5030mm, egqiba ubungakanani besithuba esingenasithuba), kwaye i-perpendicular kwiinyawo ze-raft (ibhloko) kwinyathelo elihambelana nobungakanani yezinto ze-gele.
I-theyile yendalo ye-Braas (iRussia) yathunyelwa eluphahleni esebenzisa intambo ecaleni kwetreyini evela kwiBhodi ezivela kwiBhodi kunye nezixhobo ezibekwe ngokulinganayo. Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke nokufakelwa kwayo, izilonda zenkqubo yokufaka amanzi, kunye nezinto ze-mesh ezikhusela iinzwane zesap esingenayo, zafakwa ecaleni kwengubo yophahla.
Ukufakelwa kwaqala ukubeka malunga nokubina kumqolo wokujikeleza komqolo omnye weethayile, ukusuka kwi-skem kwisitokhwe. Uhlolisile ngenyameko, emva koko, "ukhawulezela" ukuvela kuye, evela kuye, waqala ukubeka imiqolo ethe tye - ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Inqaku ngalinye leethayile eziboshwe kwikhreyithi ye-craines (kule, kukho imingxunya ekhethekileyo kwindawo yayo ephezulu, egubungela "ikhonkco" elilandelayo). Ngaxeshanye benyuka ngentsimbi ye-sth happers ikhephu kunye nekhephu lekhephu. Xa amaxabiso ophahla aqokelelwa ngokupheleleyo, bafaka izinto ezintle (i-idring ye-skate). Emva kokugqitywa kokubeka phantsi kwezinto zophahla, inkqubo yokugcina amanzi eplastiki yawomelezwa nge-tid.
Ukufakwa kweethayile kwaqala ukubeka imiqolo yayo, ukusuka esinkini kwisiketi, emva koko saqala ukubeka uluhlu (ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu). Iibakaki zezinto zamanzi kunye ne-mesh ye-mesh ifakwe ecaleni kwendawo kwangaphambili.
Cozy manard
Sele ngexesha lolwakhiwo, i-attic igqibe kwelokuba ibuyele kwigumbi lokuhlala (yiyo loo nto inkqubo yeRafter yayingeyiyo i-attic, kwaye ingeyiyo i-attic. Yayixhotyiswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuya kwi-overlap, i-fanwood enamanzi ayisebenzi. Wayehlukaniswe ngophahla, exhasa iikholamu, umngcipheko we-ventilation kwaye wazityhutyha ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ezona zinamajoni amashiti. Emva koko kwafakwa i-laminate kumgangatho (phantsi kwendawo), iindonga zitywinwe. Yajika igumbi elicocekileyo neliyihlahlayo apho unokucwangcisa umthambo okanye igumbi lebhili. Ukuphela kwemali engeyiyo iwindow enye, kwaye kufuneka usebenzise ukukhanya okuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba abanini bagqiba kwelokuba kuyimfuneko, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, i-squilting windows iya kuvela kwi-sksketes. Ukufakelwa kophahla olugqityiweyo akunzima kangako.Inkxaso yobomi izindlu
Ilali yokuHamba kwamanzi kwiNdawo yeNdawo yeNdawo yeNdawo yokuHamba. I-Shureji eselunxwemeni kunye nokuhlawulwa. Ukubonelela ngerhasi kwindlu ngaphandle. Yazalisekiswa ngoMsebenzi kaMosoblGaz malunga nokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokhuseleko. Xa ibeka i-wiring, i-wire ye-wire ye-insung yosulelo yasetyenziswa. Yabekwa kumanqanaba aqingqiweyo kwiindonga zangaphakathi, ilele kwangaphambili kumbhobho weplastiki. I-wiring yamanzi ashushu kunye ebandayo, kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza, zenziwa zisebenzisa imibhobho ye-rautiitan ye-rautiitan (i-rehau, eJamani) ukusuka kwindawo enqamlezileyo ye-Pelythylene.
Indlu ivalela i-GT 216 iBoiler enesikhundla se-64-78 kW ye-Detrich (iFrance), ekhonza ubushushu kwi-radiators yepaneli yeKermi efakwe kumagumbi). Ukubonelelwa ngamanzi ashushu yinkxalabo ye-Blailer ye-250 yelitha. Kwakukho inkqubo yokucoca amanzi ngokufanelekileyo.
Yahlula indlu ngaphandle
Ukwenza udonga lokugcina i-terrace, uyilo oluthile lokuthi cwaka oluvela kwikhonkrithi. Ujikeleze i-perimeter ye-terrace yexesha elizayo yaphula umsele ngobunzulu nobubanzi obungamalunga nama-30 cm; Kumhla wakhe, ngoncedo lwencwadana yemigaqo, wenza imingxunya phantsi kweefayile. Phezu kweenqanawa, kufakwa umthi wamaplanga, apho izinto zodonga lwesakhelo lokuqiniswa kwesakhelo kunye neempukane zibekwe kwaye zigalelwe ikhonkrithi. Xa ikhonkrithi ifumene amandla apheleleyo, inkqubela phambili evelisiweyo phakathi kodonga lwendlu kunye nomhlaba olwakhayo wagutyungelwa ludonga lwekhonkrithi kwaye uyityhala. Umhlaba wawubekwa emhlabeni, kwaye emva koko umqamelo wegrabile kunye nomaleko wekhonkrithi (ubukhulu - i-8-10 cm), yaqiniswa yigridi yendlela, yayigalela ngaphezulu kwabo. Emva kwexesha kwikhonkrithi elathulula umaleko wentlabathi enobungqingqwa be-1 cm yokulungelelanisa umphezulu kwaye warhoxisa i-terrace ene-terrace enesiphatho sekhonkrithi.
Phantse itekhnoloji efanayo yakhiwa kunye nendlela yokuqhuba eya kwisakhiwo kunye negaraji. Emva koko wathululwa ngekhonkrithi kunye nendawo phambi kwendlu yasekhaya ithanda kakhulu amandla (ngokuchanekileyo, "ukungabinamali") kwento edakumbileyo.
Ngoku malunga nokungaphandle kwendlu ngokwayo: Kumfutshane kakhulu. Iimfama phantsi kweefestile, nakwisiseko seNdlu, zikhuselwe nge-mesh mesh mesh kwaye yaphosa le miphezulu. Emva koko bagutyungelwa ziithayile ze-ceramic, ezikhethiweyo kwithoni yokujongana namanyathelo ekhonkrithi zezinyuko. Ii-ovests zophahla kwisakhelo somthi sibekwe ngeplastiki.
Yenza ngaphakathi
Ukuhonjiswa kwe-INTRURK yendawo ilula kwaye ilula. Iindonga zaye zafakwa, emva kokudibanisa ngoncedo lweedosi ezinomxholo wesinyithi nge-istel, emva koko idlulile kwaye igutyungelwe iphepha lodonga. Ezi phala zenziwe ngowomileyo, ukuzigcina kwikhonkrithi ye-phaling ngqo kumgangatho wobungcali. Ukuvuleka kwe Window Fowuni.
Imigangatho yenze le: Kwi-monolithic parellap igalele i-tie ye-ceramnjite-corien, kunye nesanti sesanti. Isamente yayimiliselwe (isebenzise i-primer eqhelekileyo yemisebenzi yangaphakathi), emva kokuba i-Plywood ye-Plywood ye-Plywood inamathisele kuyo kwaye ukongeza ukubakhulisa ii-dowels ezinokuzikhupha. Ikhubalo le-Polythylene lafakwa ePhaneur, elalingeniswa kwiBhodi yeTarquet (Sweden). Indlu ijika ifudumele kakhulu, kwaye ndifuna ukulindela ukuba abanini bamkela nothando olunjalo baya kukhululeka kwaye bakhululeke apha ukuhlala. Ukuba umbono wokwakha isithuba esiphezulu senyathelo eliphefumlelweyo abafundi bethu, ngoko khange sitsale ingqalelo kwesi sihloko sibangela umdla.
Ukubalwa okwandisiweyo kweendleko zeNdleko yeNdlu kunye nendawo epheleleyo ye-298m2 efanayo nengenisiweyo
| Igama lemisebenzi | Inani le | ixabiso, i-Huby. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umsebenzi osisiseko | |||
| Ubume, uphuhliso kunye nengubo | I-210m3 | I-500. | I-105,000 |
| Isixhobo seSand, iRubble | I-60m3 | I-220. | I-13 200. |
| Isixhobo se-Mantment | I-87m3 | I-1620. | I-140 940. |
| Isixhobo sokugcina iindonga zezitena (isiseko) | I-25m3 | 1650. | I-41 250. |
| Isixhobo sePlati siqiniswa kwikhonkrithi (igaraji) | I-8m3 | Ngama-2200. | I-17 600. |
| Ukulinganisa amanzi ngokuthe tyaba kunye nokutshata | I-330m2. | I-112. | 36 960. |
| Ukuhamba kwezithuthi zomhlaba | I-190m3 | I-520. | I-98 800. |
| Ukubuyela umva, indawo yocwangciso | 20m3 | - | I-6300. |
| Eminye imisebenzi | seta | - | I-16 200. |
| Iyonke | I-476250. | ||
| Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwicandelo | |||
| I-Granite yelitye eliqhekeziweyo, isanti | I-60m3 | I-950. | I-57,000 |
| Ikhonkrithi inzima | I-8m3 | 3100. | I-24 800. |
| Ibhloko yekhonkrithi, i-cly yesitena esiqhelekileyo | I-112m3. | - | I-257 600. |
| Isisombululo esinzima | I-19M3. | I-1490. | I-2830. |
| I-HydrosteClool, iFimumumineous Mastic | I-330m2. | - | 36 300. |
| I-Arsal, izihlangu zomsebenzi ezenziweyo kunye nezinye izinto | seta | - | I-29,700 |
| Iyonke | 433710. | ||
| Iindonga, ukwahlula, ukugqobhoza, ukuphahla | |||
| Umsebenzi wokulungiselela, ufakelo lwamahlathi | seta | - | I-7800. |
| Ukulala kweendonga zangaphandle kwiibhloko | I-78m3 | I-980. | I-76 440. |
| Ukujamelana neendonga zobuso | I-130m2. | 320. | 41 600. |
| Izixhobo zokuqinisa izitena zezitena | I-110m2. | 270. | I-29,700 |
| Isixhobo se-monolithic kunye ne-prippers jumers | I-7m3 | Ngama-2200. | I-15 400. |
| Iipleyiti zesixhobo sekhonkrithi eqiniswe kwikhonkrithi | I-68m3 | 2340. | I-159 120. |
| Ukudibanisa izinto zophahla ngesixhobo se-crate | I-190m2. | 740. | I-140 600. |
| Ukufakwa kweendonga kunye nokugqobhoza | I-610m2. | I-54. | 32 940. |
| I-Hydro, isixhobo esibonisa i-vaporizo | I-610m2. | 81. | I-49 410. |
| Indawo yokuphumla kunye nenkqubo yokuntywila | I-190m2. | - | I-58 900. |
| Ukufaka iwindow kunye neebhloko zecango | I-30m2 | - | I-28 400. |
| Eminye imisebenzi | seta | - | I-89,000 |
| Iyonke | I-729410. | ||
| Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwicandelo | |||
| Ibhloko kwikhonkrithi yeselula | I-78m3 | 2025. | I-157 950. |
| Ikhonkrithi inzima | 75m3. | 3100. | 232 500. |
| Isitena sokwakha se-ceramic | I-5.6 amawaka eePC. | I-5900. | I-33 040. |
| I-Brick Ceramic ejongeka | I-6.6 amawaka eePC. | I-9800. | 64 680. |
| Isisombululo esinzima | I-23,5m3 | I-1800. | I-42 300. |
| Ukuqeshisa intsimbi, i-hydrogen yentsimbi, i-fittings | seta | - | I-37 000 |
| Iplanga | I-17m3 | 4500. | I-76 500. |
| I-Paro-, wimi-, iifilimu ze-hydraulic | I-610m2. | - | 22 570. |
| I-roclool ye-rocwools. | I-610m2. | - | I-85 400. |
| I-ceramic tile, izinto ze-Dobormye | I-190m2. | - | I-179 800. |
| Inkqubo yokuhamba | seta | - | I-18 200. |
| Iibhloko zefestile ngefestile egudileyo | seta | - | I-178 200. |
| Ezinye izinto | seta | - | I-103,000 |
| Iyonke | I-1231140. | ||
| * -Contacts ezenziwe kumgangatho ophakathi wokwakha i-moskva ngaphandle kokuthatha i-akhawunti ye-coefficients |
IBhodi yokuHlela ibulela isitayile-1, kunye noMyinge we-Y. Skorovodod ngoncedo lokulungiselela izinto.
