Ukusela ukuhla kwe-challing bamanzi kwii-cottages kunye namagumbi. Isixhobo, ukuqeshwa, imigaqo, abavelisi, i-oda yexabiso.
Inkqubo ye-AutotIl eneeyunithi ezahlukeneyo zolawulo
Iinkqubo ze-OSMOIC zokusela amanzi osmo-300 (8l / h) kunye ne-OSMO-600 (95l / h) ngeetanki zokugcina ("inkwenkwezi ye-Helios")
Izinto zasekhaya zothotho lwesafire kunye nenkqubo engabizi ngayo kwizinto ezifanayo ngolawulo lwencwadi
Ngokuphuhliswa kolwakhiwo lwe-cottage, ingxaki yamanzi amnyama ekhatywayo iya iyanda ngakumbi. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, unyango lwamanzi lomnini we-cottage yinto yobuqu. Kwimeko yokukhalaza kuye, akuyi kubakho urhulumente okanye iinkonzo zikamasipala ukunceda.
Icocekile kangakanani intwasahlobo?
Isihloko sokucocwa kwamanzi kude nakwi-NOVA. Kule minyaka i-7-8 idlulileyo, iyakhanyiswa rhoqo ngokuprinta. IVS, nangona ababhali beempapasho bezama ukunceda abafundi ukuba bafumane iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki eziqokelelweyo, imibuzo evela kubaphuhlisi babucala ihleli kwaye iphinda iphinda iphinda iphinda iqhubeke. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Okokuqala, imeko yendalo ejikeleze izixeko ziyaqhubeka zisiba mandundu. Ii-terns zeengxowa zenkunkuma kwiindlela zonke eziphantsi kwendlu kunye neemoto kuphela kwesiqinisekiso esongezelelweyo. Kwanamanzi anzongonzongo anzulu anobukroti baqala ukungcola, kwaye amanzi avela kumatshini wobugcisa amiswe ukuba luphawu olucoceko lwendalo. Okwesibini, ukwenziwa ngokutsha ukwakhiwa kokwakhiwa konyusa inani labasebenzisi bamanzi kwaye kuvelisa iingxaki ezintsha zetekhnoloji. Okokugqibela, into yethu ngokwayo kukuziphula umthetho kukungaziwa kakhulu, mayingadlule i-2/3 kumphezulu wehlabathi kwaye malunga ne-80% yobunzima bomzimba womntu. Iimfihlo ezifanayo zichazwa ngokuthe ngcembe, iindlela ezintsha kunye nezixhobo ziqala ukufaka isicelo sonyango lwamanzi. Sifuna abafundi baqhelane.Xa uvuza emhlabeni, amanzi atshintsha i-facko yetyuwa. Ukongeza kubunzima bendalo (iityuwa ze-calcium kunye ne-magnesium), ezinye izinto zokungcola zivela emanzini: i-iron, i-mangane, i-chrome, i-radium, i-roorium ... ingaba sisiqingatha kwimizimba ye-mendeleev yezinto ezifumaneka kwimihlaba kwiityuwa ezahlukeneyo. Ukungena kwindaleko Umzimba womntu ngandlel 'inxenye kubo: Ezona nkqubo zibaluleke kakhulu zetyiwa, i-Acid-Alkaline Alkaline, iinkqubo ezinokubakho ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwizimbiwa ezininzi ezihamba kunye nokutya kunye namanzi . Yonke imalunga nedosi yabo. I-Iructic, kunye nokusilela kuyingozi kwezempilo, kunye noluhlu lwezifo ezidlulisiweyo (ezifumaneka kwiimpapasho ezahlukeneyo) ezoyikisayo.
Kunentsimbi eyingozi kwaye uqinile oqinileyo
Intsimbi. Kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba ophantsi komhlaba ophakathi kwendawo ephakathi yaseRussia, kubandakanya ingingqi yeMoscow, uxinzelelo lwentsimbi lunokufika kwi-15mg / l. Sele kuxinezelekile kwi-0.5 mg / l ngamanzi ashushu, i-iron iqala ukuqina kakhulu, okukhokelela ekubonakalisweni kweeflethi, kwaye kwenziwe nabani na. Kumaqondo obushushu ango-65-95, isombulula imihlaba engaphakathi yemibhobho. Oku kuthetha ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshintshiselana ngobushushu, ama-radiators, imibhobho. Iiplate zobushushu beplanethi kwizixhobo ezishushu zamanzi zinokuchaphazela ngokupheleleyo iinyanga nje ezimbalwa. I-Achto yenzeka ngezixhobo ezenzekelayo nezingqokelela, eza emva koko iphuma ngo-oda ngenxa yeeplagi ze-sluds, wena uqikelela.
Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwendoda enomxholo ophezulu we-iron kukhokelela kwisifo sesibindi, yonyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kubangela ukungalunganga. I-manganese enkulu ye-manganese ibangela ukuba imibala yamanzi, incasa engathandabuzekiyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwesifo samanzi sethambo. Ke ngoko, emanzini okusela, ngokungqinelana ne-gost, uxinzelelo lwentsimbi akufuneki lube ngaphezulu kwe-0.3 mg / l, kunye ne-manganese-0.1 mg / l.
Ukuqunjelwa kwamanzi aqingqiweyo xa kubonisiwe kubungakanani obuphezulu, akukho nto iyingozi. Ukongeza, isikali siyasebenza ngamachiza kwaye sitye 'kuphela i-heating ye-heating yezixhobo zombane zasekhaya, kodwa neenkomo kunye netywina. Ukongeza, kwimithambo yekhaya bayala ukukhonza izixhobo ngemingxunya emihle: i-ridis yeshawari yokutshiza iintloko zokuhlamba nezihlahla, i-nozzles, i-nozzles, i-nozzles. Amandla ngaphezulu kongezwa kolu hlaselo: Umaleko wesikali yi-1.5 mm kuphela ikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwe-heat kutshintshela kwizixhobo ezishushu malunga ne-15%. Ixesha elingaphezulu, amanzi aqinileyo abangela i-u-Uroliiiaiaiais, i-sclerosis, i-hypertured. Kwaye eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokulwa zonke ezi phenomena kukusetyenziswa kwamanzi athambileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki yokusingqongileyo ayizange ingenele ukungabinamdla mncinci njengokwenziwa komzimba. Abo basingisele kakhulu umgangatho wamanzi emilanjeni, amachibi aphezulu, abangcolisa ngexabiso le-anthropogenic le-anthropogenic (enjengeemolari ze-anthente), i-herbicides, ii-natites, ubunzima I-ion yentsimbi kunye ne-radionuclides). Amanzi athile kwezi zinto zokusela phantse angaba phantse, kwaye umlo ochasene nabo unokwenza indleko ukuba iya kuba yingabizi ukuba ingenise amanzi ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude (kwaye iphose indawo ethengiweyo).
Ukulungiswa kwamanzi okusela amahle kuyingxaki kuwo onke amazwe. Ukungcola emanzini kulawulwa, ukwakhiwa kwabo kunye nokuxinana kuyakhiwa. Lilonke, kukho i-6igroups yokungcola: i-Organoleptic, ngokuBanzi, i-Inorganic, i-Arganic, i-Orgalogic, i-rabological. Inani lilonke leempawu ezisemgangathweni zamanzi ezilawulayo zingaphezulu kwe-2000. Kuyinyani, kumazwe awahlukeneyo, ukwakhiwa kokungcola okulawulwayo kunye nemilinganiselo yabo evumelekileyo kwahlukile. Itheyibhile yemoto esibonisa kuphela inxenye yokungcola njengezicelo zehlabathi, iKomiti yoKhuseleko lweNkcubeko ye-EPA yokusiNgqongileyo (i-USA), iBhunga lase-EOPIn kunye ne-SANPIN ye-EOPNATIn 2.1.4.4.101. Ewe, kumthombo wakho wamanzi, kuphela yinxalenye yezinto zoluhlu ngokubanzi zinokufunyanwa, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwikamva.
Ungaluthatha njani uvavanyo lwamanzi ngohlalutyo?
Amanzi, athathwe nje kumthombo (i-notnnson), egalela kwiglasi okanye kwibhotile yeplastiki (i-1.5 yeelitha), ehlanjwe ngamanzi aphantsi kwentamo kwaye asonge iplagi yokunciphisa ioksijini yomoya. I-Staggnant okanye i-DARY isetyenziswe kakuhle (imibhobho) iphinde yaphoswa iiyure ezingama-2-3. Qala ileyibhile ebonisa uhlobo lomthombo (kodwa hayi indawo), ixesha, igama elipheleleyo Uvavanyo olukhethiweyo lwamanzi luyafuneka ngexesha elifutshane lokuhambisa elabhoratri (ixesha lokuhanjiswa akufuneki lingadlulanga).Ndinokunxibelelana phi? Okokuqala, kwiSitishi sesithili se-SES okanye kwilayisensi kunye nenkqubo eqinisekisiweyo. Ukuba unxibelelana kwangoko kwinkampani, eya kuthi emva koko iphumeze iodolo, kuyavela ukuba abo bantu baya kwenza uhlalutyo, bancome ukufakelwa, bakukhukuliseka kwaye bahlambe kwaye uhlalutyo lokugqibela lwamanzi luqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ilungelelene nokucoca. Kunokwenzeka ukuba uhamba ungakujonganga ukuchaneka kwezenzo zabo. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuzama ukubandakanya le nkqubo, eyona nto ilandelayo. Yenza ubuncinci bohlalutyo lwezibini: Omnye kuMbutho ozimeleyo, owesibini onesibini, owenza inkqubo ye-gesi, kubandakanya nohlalutyo. Fumana isizathu sokungabonakali ukuba yenzeka. Emva kokufaka nokubeka inkqubo ukuba isebenze, ukuchaneka kwe "Imveliso" yohlalutyo lokuhlaziya kwakhona kwintlangano efanayo. Ngendlela, iifemu zabathengisi abaziintloko ngokwazo zibonelela ngohlalutyo oluphindiweyo.
Kwiingxaki ezininzi ngamanzi, efuna ukusetyenziswa kohlobo oluthile lwezixhobo zonyango, zinokubizwa:
- ubukho bokungcola koomatshini (isanti, udongwe, njl njl);
- inyibilikisiwe ngentsimbi yamanzi kunye ne-manganese;
- ubunzima bamanzi ;
- incasa, ivumba, i-chromatity;
- ubukho beebhaktiriya kunye neentsholongwane;
- Ungcoliseko lwe-Irgaco (Izinambuzane, iimveliso zePetroleum, ii-phenols, i-spawy).
Uza kuqala phi?
Qala ukwenza isigqibo se-PAREAR KUNYE NOKUFUNDA NGEXESHA LOKUGQIBELA KUPHELA kwinqanaba lokufumana isakhiwo sokwakhiwa, kwaye ngaphambi kokufumana. Ukuhlolwa kweyelenqe elitsha, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba uza kuthatha amanzi indlu. Kulungile ukuba iphuma, iqula, okanye kwilali icingelwa (okanye sele) ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi. Lowo uthengisayo ukuba iqonga linyanzelekile ukuba liphendule, yintoni imeko ye-hydrological yendawo ejikelezileyo kunye nendlela ama-Aquifter avalelwe ngayo. Ulwazi kufuneka lucaciswe, luxoxisana nabamelwane okanye ngokuqhagamshelana neKomiti yeSithili ngobutyebi bomhlaba nolawulo lomhlaba. Emva koko zama ukufumana iziphumo zohlalutyo lwamanzi ukusuka kwindawo enikiweyo okanye ekufuphi (fumanela indawo yokuhlala okanye uzenzele). Eyona nto iphambili kukuchonga ungcoliseko lwamanzi kunye neliyityhefu kunye nobacteriolotion. Ukuba le datha iqhelekile, kwaye uhlalutyo lubonisa umxholo owongezelelekileyo wesinyithi, i-manganese, i-stiffery i-starts kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezikufuphi ne-MOSCOW, ezingekhe zinezithili ze-MOSCOW, ezingekhe zizoyike- Ukuphelisa ezi zinto zingaba nzima kakhulu. I-Iprie enjalo ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ecetywayo yomhlaba inokuthenga ngokukhuselekileyo. Kodwa ukuba izalathi-ntsapho ezincinci zihamba ngaphaya kwemigangatho, kufanele ukuba ingavunywa. Zivela phi ezi zongcoliseko? Iindlela zabo ngabantu abaninzi. Oku kukuthengwa komhlaba kunye namashishini, ngamanye amaxesha abekwe amashumi eekhilomitha ukusuka kwindawo yakho. Ezi zingqongileyo ezolimo nefama. Iindlela eziphezulu. Imilambo kunye namachibi.
Uhlalutyo lwamanzi luyimfuneko nakweyiphi na imeko: Ukuba ufumana indlu elungiselelwe amanzi, ukubonelelwa kwamanzi sele kucwangcisiwe (kulungile, ukubonelela ngamanzi ngokufanelekileyo, okanye kudala uthenge i-ploccess yengxaki yoncedo. Kwimeko yokuqala, akunyanzelekanga ukuba axhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuhlalutyo, olwalukhwele iqula layo (elakhe iqula)-nkqu ne-50m kumgama kwaye ubonakala ngathi uxhotyisiwe kwi-Wortied Ruler Famite (Wells ) Inokuba yahluke kakhulu komnye komnye ngokwamanzi. Uhlalutyo lwe-Express kwiiparamitha ezithathu ngokubanzi ziya kukuhlawula malunga ne-10 yeedola, kwaye zizele, ezingama-20-25 iiparamitha, ezaneleyo zokukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo - kwi- $ 25-40.
Kuphela kwiziphumo zohlalutyo lwamanzi kwaye kuxhomekeke kumsebenzi wobugcisa ofuna ukusombulula (ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi endlini, amanzi okusela, njl njl.), Kwaye izixhobo zikhethiwe kwinkqubo yokucoca amanzi.
Izixhobo zokucocwa kwamanzi zihlala zisanda. Masithi ukuba kwiminyaka engama-7-8 eyadlulayo kwi-moscow efanayo, umthengi wanikwa izixhobo kuphela zeefemu ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, kwaye ezi femu zazingaphandle, emva koko ziphantse zabantwamsha. Phakathi kwabo nguMelika, isiJamani, isiNgesi, isiSweden, isiFrentshi, eSwitzerland naseMzantsi Korea. Bazama "ukuphumelela" phakathi kwabaphambukeli isabelo sabo semakethi yaseRussia kunye neefemu zethu, kwaye bayayenza ngempumelelo.
Inkqubo yoNyango lwamanzi
Uninzi lwamanzi (izindlu zeendwendwe ziphezulu kwi-300l ngosuku ngomntu ngamnye) isetyenziswa kwiimfuno zamakhaya (ukuhlamba, ukuhlamba izitya, ishawari). Amanzi okusela kunye nokupheka yinxalenye encinci yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokubanzi.Inkqubo yonyango lwamanzi e-Cottage inamaqela amathathu ezixhobo ezahlukileyo ngenjongo:
- izixhobo zokucocwa kwangaphambili kwamanzi ukusuka ekungcoleni koomatshini kwindawo yokungena kwi-Cottage (indlu, indlu) okanye ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zekhaya;
- izixhobo zokulungiswa kokubekwa kweekhemikhali zamanzi (izithambiso, iifilimu, amalahle kunye neefiltha ze-Coal kunye ne-Iyon Ariters ukususa iityuwa ezinzima), kwiseti yenkqubo ethile yokucoca iqulunqwe;
- Izixhobo zokufumana amanzi okusela kukubulala izixhobo zokubulala kunye nokufunda amanzi okusela umgangatho kwinani elifunekayo lokusetyenziswa kosapho lwemihla ngemihla (kumntu); Ihlala ithunyelwa ekuhlaleni kufutshane neCrane.
Izixhobo zokucoca amanzi kwangaphambili
Isanti, udongwe, il kunye namanye amasuntswana aqulunqwa izixhobo zedolophu kunye neepuzzle-zigutyungelwe ngamabala, ziyaphela ngokukhawuleza. Eyona ndlela ilula yokulwa nezi zinto zicoca amanzi avela kwimithombo yokungcola ngokwakho ngokufaka okanye ngokwakho, okanye i-cartridge, okanye i-clidge, okanye i-sediment) yefiltha.
Kwizifiso zokuzihluma, amanzi ahlaselwa yigridi engenasitayile engafuneki ukuba itshintshwe emva kokuba itshintshelwe "kwisixhobo esikhethekileyo apho i-mesh ihlanjululwe khona, ukuntywila). Ukugungxulwa kunokwenziwa ngesandla kunye nemowudi esenzekelayo (umatshini uvula ivalve kwaye khwela isihluzi semizuzwana eli-15 ngokusebenzisa ixesha elifanelekileyo). I-Mesh Filter Filters kunye neengcinezelo zoxinzelelo kuzo zivelisa i-RBM (i-Itali), i-Bulyel Braukmann (i-Germany), i-Syr (i-Germay). Kuxhomekeka kwintsebenzo, iifilitha zencwadana yezihluzi ze-80-400, kubiza kakhulu i-200 yeedola. Ukhuphiswano lwezixhobo ze-mesh luzama ukwenza i-disc kunye nentwasahlobo. I-DC Filter df1-75 (Erolal, israel) nge-bandwidth ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4m3 / h ixabisa i- $ 110. Kutshanje, isixhobo sasekhaya sasekhaya "I-Themiloilofilter" ivele kwintengiso (LLC Eservim), esebenzisa ibhetri yezinto ezingcolileyo zentwasahlobo. Iyakwazi ukugxotha iimveliso zoomatshini, kodwa zisebenza ngempumelelo nangaphezulu amanzi ashushu.
Kwizixhobo ze-carridge, into yokucoca icebo lokucoca, njengommiselo, yinto "ye-coil" yomsonto yePolyproplene. Emva kokuba "mfoundooline" wezinto zomiswe (malunga neenyanga ezintandathu), ithathe indawo nje (yale mali ilandele abanini). Iifilitha ezinjalo ziqala kakhulu kune-cheumid kunokuziqhelanisa (iindleko zomzimba ukusuka kwi- $ 15 ukuya kwi-85 yeedola, i-cartridge ukusuka kwi- $ 5 ukuya kwi-20 yeedola), kodwa kunokuba kubiza kakhulu. Ukuhamba kwexesha kuya kufuneka kuthathelwe indawo ye-cartridges, awuyi kuchaza kwangaphambili, oku kungafunyanwa kuphela emva kokutshintshwa kokuqala. I-Atoll, isihluzi se-US, i-Atlas, 'igiza "," rusilter "kwaye ezinye zivelise iifilimitha ezinjalo. Ukutshintsha izinto ezingezizo ezilukiweyo.
Ukuba iqhezu elicekeceke (uhlobo lodongwe okanye i-yols) likhona emanzini, okanye i-mesh okanye i-mesh okanye isihluzi somoya silungele ukungcola ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kuvala umphezulu wecebo lokucoca. Ukulwa nokungcola okunje kwenziwe sisihluzo se-sediment. Inemizimba ebizwa ngokuba "ngumzimba we-Universal" kunye nokulayisha i-filter (isanti, i-anthracte, igravel yokugcwala kwe-subles) kwaye ukulibazisa amasuntswana avela kwi-80 μm. I-Alweuminasilicate (umzekelo, isihluzo-agregat kwiifilitha zemodeli ye-ST-PF evela kwi-Kinetico) idluliselwe kuphela ngamasuntswana angaphantsi kwe-20 mkm. Iifilitha ezinjalo ziphantse zaqukwa kwi-Autor Systems yonyango lwamanzi azenzekelayo. I "Universal" yezindlu zabo zibizwa ngokuba zinokusetyenziswa phantse kuwo nawaphi na amanyathelo enkqubo yokucoca amanzi, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukubeka umthwalo ohambelana. "Amatyala e-jikelele" awenze ngokutya i-Polythylene, amandla aphezulu e-fiberglass kunye nentsimbi engenasitali (i-memgrams kunye ne-CJSC). Iisilinda ziyakwazi ukusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo ukuya kwi-8.8TM kunye nokumelana ne-hydraulic yothuke kwi-53at. Ixabiso le-sediment lokungenisa elizweni yi- $ 600-800 nge-1m3 / h yokusebenza. I-ra20a yasekhaya "ye-sapfire p0a" (ezenzekelayo) ukusuka kwi-MTT ngamaxesha amabini aphantsi.
Izixhobo zilungisa ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zamanzi
Iifilitha zendlela yokulandela. Intsimbi inyibilikisiwe emanzini, kunye nokuhamba rhoqo kwe-manganese yayo kwiinkqubo ze-autonomomos icocwe yi-Oatalytic. Ukwenza oku, imeko "yehlabathi" ilala ubuthongo ngeepropathi ze-catalyst (isantya sendlela). Ubukho bentsimbi buyeyona nto iphambili nge-oxygen ngeoksijini equlethwe emanzini, ingena kwimo yokubulala i-insulafle kwaye ihlale kwigranugules. Xa uhlamba ngokubuyela umva kwamanzi, le mali isuswe kwaye ihlawulwe kwakhona kwi-Worjer (inkqubo yokutya). Ngokutsiba inani elithile lamanzi, icebo leefiltha lokuphinda iphinde ihlaziye. Ukucoca amajelo osasazo esekwe kwi-manganese diokside kuyinto eqhelekileyo: Birmin, Mgs (Manganese Greensand), iFilox, pyrolox. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba kuqala, ukuba owokuqala kubo utyhile kuphela i-iron, kwaye ukubuyisela iipropathi (ukubuyisela kwakhona), kwanele ukuhlamba amanzi kangangesiqingatha seyure, kodwa ukurenana kufuna i-manganese, emva koko Ukususa iintsalela zelokugqibela. Ukuba i-Oxeji echithileyo iyasilela (ngentsimbi enkulu, i-amonia, i-hydrogen sulfide), sebenzisa i-aetoratoratoratorating amanzi enomoya.Kwindlela ye-Oxidation Oxidation Oxidation Kukho imida: Ayisusi i-iron ye-organic, ayisebenzi nomxholo we-iron ephezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-15 mg / l), kwaye amanzi akufuneki abe yi-acidic (PH engaphantsi kwe-7). Ngaphandle koko, kuyafuneka ukusebenzisa amanyathelo akhethekileyo, umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-acid inkqubo (ityala elongezelelweyo elifakiwe ngaphambi kokuba ihlawulwe). Iifilitha zokungaphengululisisa ngobume be-1.5 m3 / h ixabisa i-1000-1300.
Iifilitha zokulungiselela "ukuthambisa". Ukunciphisa inkunzi yamanzi, oko kukuthi, ukuncitshiswa kwe-calcium kunye ne-calsium ye-calcoum ichithwe kuyo (ngokuchanekileyo, ngokuchanekileyo, kwixabiso labo kwixabiso elifanelekileyo, oko kubizwa ngokuba zizikrokrelo. I-resin yokutshintshiselana i-resin ilala, kubangela ukutshintshiselana nge-calcium ions kunye ne-magnesium ukusuka emanzini ukuya kwi-sodium ion evela kwi-resin. Ukutshintshiselana ukutshintshiselana kwakhona emva kokudlulisa isixa esithile samanzi aqingqiweyo aphulukana nobuchule bayo bokufumana kwaye ufuna ukubuyiselwa (siya kuba namaxesha ayi-1-2 ngeveki). Iqhutywa kusetyenziswa isisombululo setywe yetyuwa. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukunyibilikisa ityuwa, inaliti yesisombululo kwibhaluni, ukubuyiswa kwakhona, ukubuyela umva kunye nokuhamba nge-2-3 iiyure, i-IMAIC HP10 kwi-ROHM Haas) inokusebenza njengeminyaka emi-6-3. Kukho i-resins ene-slid-ene-cations, ivumela ukuchithwa kwamanzi. Kuba izithombe zamaxabiso zahlukile kwiifilitha ezinamagqabantshintshi.
Iifilitha zokucoca ezidityanisiweyo. Ngenxa yeentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo ze-resins, ngokukhethwa kwazo okufanelekileyo (iintlobo, ivolumu, ukutshintshiselana), kunokwenzeka ukwenza izihluzi ezinokuthi ngaxeshanye ukwenza amanzi okucoca, kunye ne-sulpites, iityuwa zentsimbi ezinzima, izinto eziphilayo. Ukutshintshwa kwezi zifilitha, itafile yetafile iyafuneka. Babiza ipesenti ipesenti kwi-20 yezithambisi ezingaqhelekanga, kwaye zibuyise izixhobo ezibini. Kuyinyani, basebenza nangamanzi angcolisekileyo.
Iifilitha ze-adsorction Yenzelwe ukunciphisa umxholo wokungcola kwendalo kunye ne-chlorine yentsalela, ukuphelisa ivumba kunye nokuphakamisa okungaphezulu. Ukuhlamba izihlulo zokuhlambela izithuthi ze-Coal "iNdwendwe yeNdawo yeHlabathi igcwaliswe ngekhabhoni esebenzayo (kwinqanaba le-60 dm3 nge-1 m3 / h ukusebenza). Uninzi lwamalahle, owenziwe olwenziwe kwi-coconuts kunye namalahle, ofakwe isilivere, ayasetyenziswa. Ubutyebi beefilitha ezinjalo ziphezulu kakhulu kwiikhatriji (ngokususa igalelo lamanye amazwe kwaye lihlaziya i-inzuzo ehlanganisiweyo kwaye ihlaziywe ngokuyinxalenye yomphezulu wegranuules ngexesha lokuhlamba). Nangona kunjalo, imigqaliselo ye-organic ephathwayo kwi-engile esebenzayo inokusebenza njengendawo enezondlo kwintsholongwane, ekwaziyo i-gourocal yamalahle. Ke ngoko, ukugcwala umva kufuneka kutshintshiwe rhoqo (kuya kuba nexesha lokuzithandela). Ixabisa i-1 DM3 ye-DM3 malunga ne- $ 3. Isicelo sesaka-silivere evuliweyo sithintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane ngaphakathi kwefilitha (ngenxa yeepropathi ze-bactericidal zele ntsimbi).
Kwindlela yokuphathwa kwamanzi, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi: 2-I-2-I-2 - I-Chlorition; I-4-I-UV PROAS; I-5-ion yokutshintshiselana; Ukuqulunqa kwe-sumamic; I-8 -Ultraillication; 9 -Lime; 10 -Umntu obhinqileyo + i-oxidation; I-11-Ingqungquthela; I-12 -Cour yoTshintshiselwano. I-Ananononobam; I-14 - electrodialysis; I-15-I-Aeration; 17 I-okidation yekhemikhali; I-18-I-SOICONAT; I-19-I-19 -UNTIC kunye nokulungiswa kwe-elektromagnetic; Ukucoca umatshini. Iinkqubo zokulungiselela kwamanzi e-Vlokal zendlu yelizwe ikakhulu ziyifilimu, i-catalytic oxidation, i-ion yotshintshiselwano, inyikima kwi-carbon esebenzayo, i-UV ekubonakaliseni i-UV.
Inkqubo yonyango oluzenzekelayo
Ukuba uhlala kwindlu yelizwe lonke ixesha, kunjalo, uya kuhambelana nenkqubo yonyango lwamanzi azenzekelayo. Yakhiwa ngamanyathelo ukusuka kwiseti ye "Ebekiweyo" yeHlabathi "kunye neyunithi yolawulo kunye neemodyuli zokusebenzisa i-vilter yokutshintsha iivalves. Imeko nganye "yehlabathi" inomthwalo ofanelekileyo, ihlangabezana nohlobo oluthile (iqela) lengcoliseko. Inani lamanyathelo afunekayo kuphela, ngokusekwe kuhlalutyo lwamachiza amanzi. Njengomthetho, inkqubo enjalo ibandakanya icebo lokucoca i-sedimentari, engaziwayo, ithambile kunye nefilitha yamalahle. Zifakwe ngokungaguqukiyo, nganye nganye. Umthamo womthwalo kunye nobungakanani bo "umzimba wendalo" wenqanaba ngalinye umiselwa ngumxholo wokungcola emanzini nasekusebenziseni amanzi. Izinto zokwenza imigca zibonelela abavelisi abalandelayo:
- Amatyala ewonke-jikelele (i-cylinds) -akhiwo (iBelgium (iBelgium), iPalgium (e-USA), iPevasa (Spain).
- Iindawo zokucoca iindawo ezingcolileyo (ukhuphelo lweefilitha) - i-purollite, i-Dow Shemic, i-COHM DAS, i-CATSGON (i-MATSO), i-Mitsgon (i-MitsGishi (Jatri), netherlands).
- I-Auotrol, i-fleck, iinkqubo ze-Ecowter (i-USA) zolawulo.
Ulawulo lwenkqubo yonyango lwamanzi. Inkqubo yonyango lwe-buttomatid yekhaya, nakuphi na ukuhluza okusebenzayo kwimiyalelo yeyunithi yolawulo oluzenzekelayo. Ngamnye wabo umiliselwa kwinkqubo yabo yokusebenza. Zimbini iintlobo zolawulo lwenkqubo: ngamaxesha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi.
Ulawulo lwexesha. Eyona nto iphambili kulawulo lilixesha, elinika imiyalelo eyimfuneko ukuba ihlanjwe kunye nezinye iivalve. Indawo yokuhluza isebenza ngexesha lokwenyani, kwaye umsebenzi womsebenzisi uncitshisiwe ukumisela imo yokuhlamba nangawo nawuphi na umhla ofanelekileyo weveki. Kungamiselwa, umzekelo, ngoMvulo nangoMvulo kwiiyure ezi-2 zobusuku (zombini kwiintsuku, kwaye, kuthetha, ngeli xesha wonke umntu uya kulala endlwini). Ukuba kukho imfuneko, ungaqhuba ukuphinda usebenze ngaphandle kweshedyuli.
Ulawulo lokusebenzisa. "Umphathi-kwintloko" kule nkqubo yimitha yokuhamba, ngokuthe ngqo, i-microprocess exhunyiwe kwi-insor-turbine yokulinganisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngefiloti. Ikhompyuter yakha itshathi yokuhamba kwamanzi ngamanzi evekini, uqala le nkqubo kwaye umisele ukugungxulwa ngaloo mhla xa icebo lokucoca liphelile. Ngenxa yenkqubo yokulawula enjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi akuhambelani nje, kodwa kunye nobomi benkonzo yesihluzi se-filter sandisiwe. Esi sikimu sithathwa njengeyona meko isebenzayo namhlanje.
Iibhloko zolawulo kumgaqo wokusebenza zizilwanyana ezintlanu. I-elektrombechical kunye ne-elektroniki, i-cutter (yoomatshini) zihlala zisetyenziswa. I-Electromachicance Frain ye-elektroniki ye-elektroniki ye-elektroniki ye-elektroniki ye-elektroniki ye-elektroniki, kodwa ifuna ingqalelo engaphezulu. Umzekelo, ukuqulunqwa kwexesha elide lombane, iyunithi ye-elektromagnetic inokulahleka "ilahlekile" kwimodi yexesha lokwenyani kunye noseto olunxulumene noko, ezikhokelela ekutshintsheni ixesha eligudileyo. I-ISISSystem inokuqalisa ukuhlamba ebusuku, oko kukuthi, xa ufuna amanzi. Iiyunithi zolawulo lwe-elektroniki zigcina useto xa umbane ucinyiwe iintsuku ezininzi, ke akukho mfuneko yokuba ubeke ishenxise. Incwadana engaphezulu kwencwadi ephindwe kabini kwi-elektroniki ye-elektroniki, kodwa nayo yonke inkqubo iyayeka ukuba yenzekelayo.
Iinkqubo zokuqhubeka zisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ukuhamba kwamanzi acocekileyo kuyadingeka ngaphandle kwekhefu lokutshatyalaliswa. Ukwenza oku, kukho iifilitha ezimbini ezifanayo ezihlanganisiweyo yiyunithi yolawulo eqhelekileyo (inkqubo yamawele) kwindawo nganye yokucoca. Ukuba icebo elinye "lomsebenzi", ke owesibini unokuba kwimowudi "yokuphinda", okanye kwimowudi "yogcino", jikelele "njengokuphinda" Ukutshintsha iitanki ukusuka kwimo enye ukuya kwenye kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Iifilitha ze-softener ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zamanzi ashushu kunye nezixhobo zokufudumeza amanzi ziqhagamshelwe kwiskimu esinjalo (ngenye indlela le yokugqibela ikhawuleza ivaliwe ngesikali).
Izixhobo zokuzikhethela
I-Ultraviolet Asstizers. Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukonakalisa amanzi aneentsholongwane kwiintsholongwane kunye nebacteria. I-Ultraviolet imitha ye-254'emeter (i-iltraviolet (i-waven-wave isuswe sisibane se-Mercury ibangela ukuba i-DNA yazo zonke ii-microorganism kwaye ithintele indlela abaphila ngayo. I-sterilizer ifakiwe kufutshane ne-crane enamanzi ukuthintela ukutshalisa kwamanzi. Ukuthenga nge-UV Sterilizer kuyacetyiswa kuphela amanzi adlulise ukucocwa kwangaphambi kwexesha. Ukuba isihluzo samalahle sisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yonyango lwamanzi, ngokukhethekileyo i-UV kukhetho olukhuselekileyo (ukhumbula: baqhubile kwi-engile kunye nebacteria baphinda-phinda). Ixabiso lesixhobo simalunga ne- $ 300 nge-1m3 / h yokusebenza.Izisombululo ezitsha. Ukusetyenziswa kwearhente yengozi enamandla kwaye kwangaxeshanye isiphene esinamandla, esinguSodium Hypochlorite, sikuvumela ukuba unyanzelise i-iron, suse i-hydrogen sulfide kwaye isuswe ngokupheleleyo amanzi. I-Ekosergivim ye-Ekorvim-M LLC iphuhlise isityalo esincinci se-electrongs "snator" ukufumana i-regent enjalo ngombane kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-10 m3 yamanzi ngeyure kwaye ixabisa i- $ 650-1200. Isebenza ngokukodwa ngomxholo we-iron ophakamileyo (ngaphezulu kwe-5 mg / l) kwaye xa usebenza kwisibini esinemigqaliselo yenkohliso ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwangelo xesha, imfuneko ye-Mangartor yokusebenza incitshisiwe kube kanye kwi-10, kunye needraini Kuyo yindawo ekhuselekileyo.
Iinkqubo ze-membrane zamanzi okusela
Inkqubo ifumene igama layo kwifilimu ye-polymer egcweleyo, esebenza kwi-osmos ye-osmosis kwaye, njengamanzi emizimba ephilayo, idlula kuphela amanzi amaninzi kunye namasuntswana aqala ngamanzi Iimolekyuli. Ngenxa yoko, i-Polymer Polymer membrane iba ngumqobo ongafunekiyo wezinto ezingafunekiyo emanzini: i-microorganisms, izinambuzane, ubunzima bemoyam yemveli. Ke ngoko, ukulungiselela amanzi okusela, ukucoca i-membrane kufanelekile njengoko kungenakwenzeka. Ukuze ungcoliseko lungayi kulingqesha iipores ze-membrane, amanzi okuqala ahamba ecaleni kwawo ngesantya esiphezulu, agungxula zonke izinto ezingcolileyo.
Ukulungiswa kwamanzi okusela kusebenzisa iiseti ezincinci zomsebenzi omncinci (2-5 l / h). Inani elincinci lingathathwa njengemali yokuthoba umgangatho ophezulu. Ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene nokunqongophala kwamanzi acocekileyo, le nkqubo inikezelwa ngetanki elinamashumi amabini okanye i-staight-drive ye-10l. Xa igcwalise, inkqubo ihamba ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukufakwa kubonakaliswa ngokukhululekileyo kolondolozo kunye nokwenza lula ufakelo (phantsi kwekhitshi lekhitshi).
Egcweleyo (isantya esihlanu) sokubuyisela umva inkqubo ye-osmosis ye-osmosis yokulungiswa kwamanzi okusela kubandakanya:
- Ukucocwa komatshini (5mkm).
- I-Coal Prefilterter.
- Isihluzo sokugqiba ukucoca.
- Ityala le-membrane.
- I-Ultraviolet istrizer.
Ezo nkqubo kwimarike yethu zinikezelwa, ikakhulu kwindibano yezindlu ezivela kwizinto ezingeniswe elizweni. Umzekelo, oku, p-5000 (woonjin coway), i-OSMO300 (i-Osmonics), HF-550 (i-HFDra), i-HFDE CLSC), i-MTCSC), i-200 yeelitha. Ixabiso lenkqubo limalunga ne-400 yeedola.
Iitanki ze-membrane kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi zisetwa ukugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwinethiwekhi, ukuthintela ukubetha kwe-hydrodynamic okwangoku kubandakanya i-pumples, kwaye inciphise inani lemijikelezo yokuqalisa kunye nempompo. Kukho inqanawa eyahlulwe yi-membrane yaya kumagumbi amabini, kwenye irhasi ephantsi koxinzelelo yirhasi, kwaye enye iqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi. Xa impompo ivuliwe, inxalenye yetanki, yenzelwe amanzi, inyukele kwivolumu, ityhala igesi kwicandelo elilandelayo. Emva kokucima impompo, igesi ecinezelweyo ityhala amanzi njengoko ichithwa kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi. Umthamo wetanki ye-memrane ukhethwe kuxhomekeka kwinani lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, umthamo wendlela yokubonelela ngamanzi, amandla empompo etya kwindlela enkulu, kunye nezinye iiparameter. Iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zeetanki ze-membrane zinikezelwa ngolawulo kunye nezinto ezenzekelayo.
Iingxaki zokhetho
Ukufunyanwa nokusebenza kweenkqubo ezenzekelayo kuvelisa iingxaki zomnini ziluncedo kuye kwangaphambili. Ukongeza kwimibuzo, apho kwaye ucombulule khona amanzi, umnini wendlu usombulula umsebenzi wokukhetha izixhobo, kuba oku kuxhomekeke kwixabiso lenkqubo yonke.Xa umthengi ngokwesiphumo sezinto zokubala eziqhutywa kwisiseko sedatha ebonelelwe nguye ekuqulunqweni kosapho kunye nenani lamagama oshishiyo, bathi, i-ATO kunye ne-3 ) M3 / H, ngequbuliso uya kuqala ukuphikisana. Njengalo, ke isixa samanzi awachitha ixesha elininzi ngaphaya kwemini yonke kwaye ufakelo lufuneka ngemveliso engaphantsi kakhulu. Isizathu sokungavisisani kukuba umniniyo ubhekisa kumndilili wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi nemihla ngemihla, kunye nengcali.
Vumela intsapho mayichithe imihla eyi-1.5-2 kuphela yamanzi, kodwa iyabadla phantse iiyure ezimbini kusasa, xa wonke umntu esiya emsebenzini, ngokuhlwa, xa wonke umntu ebuya ngexesha elinye. Ke, umthwalo wencopho mkhulu-ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1m3 / h. Iya kumisela inqanaba lokucocwa (ixesha lokunxibelelana kwamanzi nge-filter wine). Ukuba isantya esivumelekileyo sigqithile, amanzi siyakuyeka ukucocwa, oko kukuthi, ukusekwa kwezinto ezilukhuni kunye nemimoya yezona zine ziqhutywa ngumzabalazo. Ingcali ithathela ingqalelo.
Kwaye ngoku sichaza intsebenzo eyimfuneko yenkqubo yosapho lwabane. Ke, ekuseni ebandakanyekileyo: Ukuhlamba (i-60l / h), ishawari (80l / h), i-D), i-360l / h). Iyonke i-Peak Route (i-rude) 800l / h. Zonke iindleko zithathwa ezantsi kunye nomgangatho wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi 105l umntu ngamnye ngosuku (namhlanje le migaqo iphezulu kune-2-4). Ivumela ukuba usapho lwe-5 olunokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokubanzi malunga ne-1m3 (10524) yenkqubo kufuneka ibe yi-1.5-2m3 / h (8002). Ewe, ukuba uthatha kancinci? Ewe, akukho nto ibulalayo. Kanye kwiiyure zepiks kuya kuhamba namanzi acocekileyo acocekileyo. Kanye Nje?
Kuyenzeka ukunciphisa ukusebenza kokufakwa ukuba ukhusela isikhongozeli esikhawulezayo ngamanzi aphumeleleyo. Kuyinyani, olu khetho lunamaphepha-mvume. Sukufuna isitya, kodwa kufuneka ucoceke amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ukufakwa kwayo kufuna utyalomali olongezelelekileyo: iindleko zexabiso le-Acumetion ukugcina inqanaba lamanzi kule meko + eya kuthi ivule uxinzelelo olufunekayo kwinethiwekhi (emva kwendleko), + indleko I-eyelid kunye ne-wiring efunekayo kunxibelelwano. Ke inokuphuma ukuba olu khetho alusayi kuphinda lube lixabiso.
Eyona meko ibaluleke kakhulu yokuhlaselwa kwamanzi yindawo yokuhlaselwa kwewashi kunye ne-clock kunye (igumbi kufuneka livutha) kunye nobukho bawo. Ukuphinda-phinda ukwenziwa kweefilitha zenkqubo ngamandla e-1m3 / h, malunga ne-2 m3 yamanzi kutyiwa ngeveki-kwiNkqubo yokuHanjiswa kweSoftware, eli nani kufuneka lithathelwe ingqalelo, kuba isixa se-septicial siphakanyisiwe kumthamo wokuhamba kwayo. Ukusingqongileyo, le ngxaki yokudityaniswa kokuntywila okuzimeleyo ngenkqubo yonyango lwamanzi inezikona ezininzi ezibukhali. Umzekelo: "Apho ungayifumana phi inkunkuma yokuphinda usebenze kwakhona xa usebenzisa i-manganese? Ungayibhuqa njani emthungo xa usenza i-cylinds esingenayo, kuba kufuneka "uqhume" izimbiwa, ezaliswe kukucoca. Ewe, kusafuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo i-DORTAT kwi-sliter nganye (i-Aruter malunga ne-ATM) kwaye i-shshusshes isebenze kwingcinezelo yobuncinci i-1-2 i-ATM. Ke kuyavela ukuba ekungeneni kwenkqubo, uxinzelelo yi-3-5 atm.
Ke, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha impompo yequla ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba ibuthathaka, kuya kufuneka ufake ulwando kwimpompo yoxinzelelo (umzekelo, iifemu ze-Depara, ixabiso le- $ 200- 400, kuxhomekeke kwi-Prable, okanye i-CACLEDA, ixabiso livela kwi- $ 90). Ukuze impompo icinyiwe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka, inkqubo ifuna itanki ye-membrane. Umzekelo, ukusuka kwi-Weullemate, eUnited States (ukusuka kwi-60l ($ 190) ukuya kwi-1000l ($ 2450), okanye i-decex, iJamani, $ 550). Nangona kunjalo, kwaye ngaphandle kwetanki, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke, ukuba usebenzisa impompo yegrundfos (MQ, SQe, njl.njl) ngommiselo wenani lokuhamba, kuxhomekeke kwinani lokuhamba kunye nenani elingenamda. Ngale nto uya kuyisindisa imali nendawo leyo, ukuba ikhona, uswele.
Iinkqubo zeCartridge
Izikimu zokucoca amanzi achazwe apha ngasentla zilungele kuphela ukuba zihlala endlwini rhoqo (okanye zihlala zishushu), izixhobo zokucoca akufuneki zisongelwe ebusika. I-ACHTO APHA Ukuba uhlala kwi-Hottage "Ukuhamba" kwaye malunga nokufudumeza rhoqo kubusika?
Kule meko, inkqubo yonyango lwamanzi kufuneka iqokelelwe kwiifiltri zekhatriji ezineekhatriji ezingenakumbi, nganye icoca amanzi kuhlobo oluthile longcoliseko. Phakathi kweemveliso zolu hlobo, okokuqala, zonke iifiltha ze-US ze-US (i-USA), i-USA), iAtoll, imvula (eCanada), i-CJSC rusilft yamanzi amatsha ".
Iindidi ezimbini zeplastiki ze-10duma (254mm) kunye ne-20 ye-20mms (50mm) edityaniswe yimibhobho engatshatileyo kunye neyemibini. I-KAtim ivalelweyo yazisa ububanzi be-cartridges: Ukucoca oomatshini (ukucoca amanzi kwi-sediment); Iintlobo ngeentlobo zamalahle (amalahle e-grante, ibhloko yecarbon, ukuhamba kwe-radial, njl. Njl.); I-Cartridges, ukulibazisa i-iron kunye nezinyithi ezinzima, iityuwa ezinamandla kunye ne-polyphosphates ... ngokubanzi, kukho iikhatriji zawo onke amaxesha. I-Vaseliline Clitter inababini "i-istetrive" - iikhatriji zokucoca amanzi kwiimveliso zepetroleum. Kula maxabiso akwindawo esemgangathweni (ekwakhekileyo ") kwaye phantse iskimu esifanayo (kodwa kwi-mini-version) idityaniswe, echazwe apha ngasentla. Inani lamanyathelo njengoko kuchaziwe ngokuhlalutywa kwekhemikhali wamanzi emithombo. Ukugqibezela ubunzima, inkqubo yeentsilelo (i-UV Arradiation inokufuneka.
Enye inkqubo ilungile kuba, ukuba kukho imfuneko, unokongeza izinto ezintsha xa kufuneka ibhetri ngaphambili. Isixhobo se-cartridges sikwi-20m3. Intsebenzo yenkqubo yenkqubo (ipik)-ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80 l / min. Ixabiso lenqanaba ngalinye liphuhlisa ixabiso le-hull (ukusuka kwi-60 yeedola "encinci" ukuya kwi-85 yeedola "ze-" ezinkulu ") + amaxabiso e-cartridge ($ 20-140).
Iinkonzo zentengiso
Imakethi yeenkonzo zonyango lwamanzi zikhangeleka ngathi (umzekelo, eMoscow) ziphantse zibe njalo. Kukho iifemu ezinkulu ezi-5-6 kunye nencinci kakhulu, inani elihlala litshintsha. Ixabiso le-Fimmu "lakudala" elidala elingaphezulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthunga. Ngapha koko, iindlela ezimiselweyo zezi zilandelayo kwinkampani enkulu igubungela yonke imveliso yemveliso, oko kukuthi, ukulungele ukubeka nasiphi na isixhobo, kwi-slickgege ye-cartridge ukuya kwinkqubo ye-izo enzima. Mhlawumbi kufanele ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi lwabathengisi bakhetha izixhobo zaseMelika, ezikhuthazwe kukuxhaphaka kakhulu kweenkqubo ze-cottage eMelika kunye nofundisiso lwabo olucokisekileyo. Kuba uluhlu lweemveliso kwezi femu lusondele kakhulu, ukhetho luzimisele ikakhulu kukhetho kunye neempawu zomthengi. Ukuba ufakelo luya kwenziwa ziingcali zomthengisi, iindleko zayo ziya kuba malunga ne-15-20% yeendleko zezixhobo. Kukho nenguqulelo yesongamela xa ufakelo lwenziwa ngumbutho okhokelela emsebenzini we-Pottiage Plubing phantsi kweliso lobuchwephesha benkampani yomthengisi. Olu khetho lunokwenza ngexabiso eliphantsi kuneyokuqala (nge-5-7%), kwaye mhlawumbi ...Kwiifemu ezincinci, uluhlu luhlala lufumana, kodwa amaxabiso asezantsi. Kuza kwimpikiswano entle enjalo yokwala nantoni na enzima.
Ngokubanzi, ukhetho lwenkampani akukho lula, kwaye kuya kufuneka uthathe isigqibo ngokwakho. Umntu unokucebisa ukuba ukhethe inkampani ekhoyo kwintengiso kangangeminyaka emibini. Ngeli xesha, sele efumene amava ayimfuneko kwaye "ngomso" ukusuka kwimarike, ongenakukwazi ukunyamalala.
Ezinye izikhombisi ezisemgangathweni
| Into | Uxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-MG / DM3 | Udidi lwe-Hazard | Iziphumo eziyingozi | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-WHO | I-USEA | I-ec | I-Sanpin | |||
| I-aluminium (Al) | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | I-0.5. | 2. | Inyathelo le-neurotounity |
| I-Barium (Ba) | 0,7 | 2. | I-0.1. | I-0.1. | 2. | I-leukemia |
| Intsimbi (Fe) | 0,3. | 0,3. | 0,2 | 0,3. | 3. | Izifo zeSibindi, iGazi, iintliziyo, ukungalungelelani |
| I-Cadmium (CD) | I-0.003. | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.001. | 2. | Ingxaki yeRenail, i-bronchitis, i-anemia, i-oncology |
| I-potassium (k) | - | - | 12 | - | - | I-hypertered |
| I-calcium (ca) | - | - | I-100 | - | - | I-Urolithiisis, i-hyperterest |
| I-magnesium (MG) | - | - | Amashumi amahlanu | - | - | I-sclerosis, i-hypertrions |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.5 (0,1) | I-0.05 | I-0.05 | I-0.1. | 3. | Inyathelo le-Elebiotouge |
| Ubhedu (cu) | 2 (1) | 1-1.3 | 2. | Nye | 3. | Hepatitis, i-anemia |
| Molybdenum (mo) | I-0.07 | - | - | I-0.25 ..55. | 2. | Isiphumo se-neurotovity, i-Oncology, izilonda zesikhumba |
| I-Arsenic (AS) | 0,01 | I-0.05 | 0,01 | I-0.05 | 2. | Ulusu oluhle kunye nemiphunga, ichaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous |
| Isodium (na) | 200. | - | 200. | 200. | 2. | I-Hyperterest, Umonakalo wentliziyo, i-Oncology |
| I-nickel (nI) | 0.02. | - | 0.02. | I-0.1. | 3. | Ukonakaliswa kwentliziyo kunye nesibindi |
| I-Nitrates (No3) | Amashumi amahlanu | 44. | Amashumi amahlanu | 45. | 3. | Methemoglomine (Sininy Baby Syndrome) |
| I-Nitritics (No2) | 3. | I-3,3. | I-0.5. | 3. | 2. | Impembelelo zetyhefu |
| I-mercury | 0.001. | 0.002. | 0.001. | I-0.0005 | Nye | Ukophula imisebenzi yezintso, inkqubo ye-nevaus |
| Khokelela (PB) | 0,01 | I-0.015 | 0,01 | I-0.03 | 2. | Ichaphazela i-ink levalo enkulu, inkqubo yokuzala kunye nezintso, ibangela i-hypertertered |
| IKenium (se) | 0,01 | I-0.05 | 0,01 | 0,01 | 2. | Ichaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi, ibangela ukucaphukisa i-mucous membrane kunye ne-dermatitis |
| I-Sulftes (i-SO42-) | I-250. | I-250. | I-250. | I-500. | ezine | I-Duaarhea, isifo seGalway |
| Phosphorus (p) | - | - | - | I-0.0001. | Nye | Izifo ze-bone shansutus |
| Fluortides (F-) | 1.5 | 2-4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2. | I-Fluorosis (intshabalalo yamazinyo, i-skeleton) |
| I-chlolordes (Clu-) | I-250. | I-250. | I-250. | I-350. | ezine | Uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo |
| I-Chrome (CR3 +) | - | I-0.1. | I-0.05 | I-0.5. | 3. | Ukuphazamiseka kwezintso, kuchaphazela ulusu kunye nenkqubo yokugaya |
| I-Syanides (CN-) | I-0.07 | 0,2 | I-0.05 | I-0.035 | 2. | Umonakalo kwi-thyroid gland kunye nenkqubo ye-nervier ephakathi |
| I-Zinc (ZN) | 3. | Ntlanu | Ntlanu | Ntlanu | 3. | Ukophula umthetho wotshintshiselwano |
| I-Benz (A) pyrene | 0,7 | 0,2 | 0,01 | 0-5 | Nye | Intshabalalo yesintso, isibindi, i-Oncology |
| I-surfacapes (i-surfcapes) | - | - | - | I-500. | - | Isenzo se-mutagenic |
| Izitshabalalisi. | - | - | I-0.5. | I-400 (1,2-dichloro- propane) | 2. | Chaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous ye-nervous, inkqubo yokuphefumla, izintso (umxholo jikelele) kunye nesibindi, esifanelekileyo somhlaza |
Abahleli bebulela inkampani "ye-Helios Inkxwaleko", "I-Mgrane ye-Membrane yeTekhnoloji", "Izixhobo zamanzi", "I-Contoury-Aquar-Aqua" ukuze ufumane uncedo ngaphakathi ukulungiswa kwezinto.