Ngaphambi kwawo wonke umuntu onqume ukumboza ophahleni lwendlu yezwe ene-tile evumayo, umbuzo uvukile ngokungenakuvuka: yini okufanele unake khona lapho ukhetha impahla ethile?
Photo: Tehtonol
Abathengi abaningi abangahle babe nentshisekelo ngokuyinhloko i-gamut yemibala efanelekile, ukusika "kokusika" kweziqu zezinkomo kanye nezindleko zokuhlanganiswa, ezisukela kuma-ruble angama-250 kuya kwangama-2700. ngo-1 m2. Vele, wonke la mapharamitha ayadingeka futhi asemqoka, kepha awanele ukuthola impahla esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu futhi eqinile yophahla.
Ukukhetha okuhle kungabhekwa njengomkhiqizo onesethi ethile yezimfanelo. Vele, lokhu ukubukeka okuhle kwentengo nentengo engabizi, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukuthembeka, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ubungane bezemvelo kanye nokuphepha komlilo, ukuhambisana namazinga wekhwalithi yamazwe aphesheya kanye nasekhaya, kufaka phakathi amazinga wekhwalithi yango-2015 32806 -2014 "Amathayili Betuminous". Ukukhetha kuzoba nekhono ngokwengeziwe uma ucacisa abathengisi futhi uhlaziya izimpendulo zabo kulemibuzo elandelayo.
Photo: Tehtonol
1. Kususelwa kulokho kubhavu okuguquguqukayo?
Namuhla, imakethe yasekhaya ithola izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zebitume ukuze kukhiqizwe ithayela eliguquguqukayo. Lokhu kubekwa yi-bitumen ne-SBS eguquliwe. Yini umehluko wabo? I-bitumen ehlakaniphile itholakala ngokwakhiwa kokufakelwa (oxidation) kwesisindo semvelo. Ngemuva kwalokho kumelana nokushisa kuma-90 ÅÃs, okuthi, ubona, okuningi. Futhi izakhiwo ezinamathela okuphezulu zikuvumela ukuba zibambe ngokwethembekile ebusweni bokuvikela kanye nongqimba lokuhlobisa lwe-Grancerate yamatshe. Akusizi ngengozi ukuthi iningi lama-tile aguquguqukayo emakethe yethu lenziwa ngokwengeziwe. Futhi nokho siphawula ukuthi ezinhlangeni ezisenyakatho, inja-inja igcina iqinile futhi ilahlekelwa amandla okuvumelana nokuguquguquka kwesizini ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zeRafal. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esithambile, ngaphandle kokushisa okungazelelwe kwamaconsi, kuzosebenza isikhathi eside (iwaranti ezintweni ezibonakalayo abakhiqizi abaholayo ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-60).
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitoko samanzi semvula kusuka ophahleni, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza inyumbazane yamanzi nama-funnels njengoba evalekile. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Ama-polymer sbs-modifiers (i-styrene-styrere noma irabha lokufakelwa) angeniswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-bitumen eguqulwe nge-SBS (i-styrene-styrene-styrene noma irabha lokufakelwa), ngemuva kwalokho okuthola izakhiwo ze-polymer. Ukugcwala kwe-Bitumen kuyancipha, ukuqina kuyakhula, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuthembeka kokuhlanganiswa kophahla kanye nokusebenza kwenkonzo yalo kuyanda. I-bitumen eguquliwe ye-SBS eguquliwe igcina ukumelana nokushisa okushisa ku-100-110 ° C kanye ne-elasticity emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-25 ° C. Impahla yokugcina ikuvumela ukuthi unwebe isikhathi sokwakha futhi uthobise ophahleni ngisho nangesizini ebandayo, ngaphandle kokuhlehlisa umsebenzi kuze kube sentwasahlobo ukulondolozwa kophahla. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zamathayili ku-bitumen okukhethekile, uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqukethwe ku-bitumen oxidized, ngaphezulu kwama-20%, futhi nama-100%. Kumanzi amakhulu we-tile eguquguqukayo, ibanga, njengomthetho, kufaka phakathi imfucumfucu ye-bitume ye-oxidized ne-sbs. Kunoma ikuphi, ukwenza isinqumo esifanele, kufanele ubuze inani lokuphikiswa kokushisa komhlanganisi othile, kanye nokuphakama kungcono.
Iphethini eyinkimbinkimbi, echichima yophahla ngenxa yokuxubana kwama-basalt pellets apendwe ngemibala ehlukene. Photo: KatePal.
2. Buyini ubuningi besisekelo esivela ku-cholester yengilazi?
Amandla we-tile eguquguqukayo anquma isendlalelo sokuqinisa i-cholester yengilazi. Ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ukuhlukunyezwa kwalo akusikho ngaphansi kwe-100 g / m². Lomenzi wedatha ukhombisa ukukhangisa izinto ezihambisana nakho noma amashidi obuchwepheshe kwimikhiqizo. Uma kungekho lwazi olunjalo esitolo, kufanelekile ukungena kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi osemthethweni futhi lapho ukuze uzijwayeze nedatha yeshidi lobuchwepheshe kwimodeli ethile yethayi. Lawa magugu, njengomthetho, ungadluli ku-125 g / m2. Ubuningi obuhle kakhulu abavumeli iBitumen ukuthi ingakufaka kanjani ungqimba oluqinisayo.
Ezakhiweni ezinkulu zezimali ezizosebenzela inqwaba yeminyaka, sincoma ukukhetha i-tile eguquguqukayo kulutume lwe-SBS-oluguquliwe. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko - ukuqina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungukunwebeka futhi kungalulwa ngaphandle kokubhubhisa kunokuqukethwe ku-bitumen oxidized. Lokhu kunikeza inzuzo ebalulekile lapho ufaka ophahleni, lapho iziqu ziphoqelelwa ukuba zichithwe ngokomzimba. Hlukanisa izinto ezisuselwa ku-bitumen ne-sbs eguqulwe kalula. Kwanele ukuthatha amasampula amabili bese ubashukumisa ezandleni zakho. Okwesibili kuzoba yiplastiki enkulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nowokuqala, futhi uqaphele umehluko, akudingekile ukuba uchwepheshe.
I-Oksana Dmitrieva
Inhloko yokumaketha nokukhangisa umsabalalisi okhethekile we-TM Katepal, Tilcor, Regenau eRussia Federation
Ama-gonns ama-tile aguquguqukayo ama-bituminous alungele ukumboza ophahleni kwanoma yiziphi izimo: kusuka ku-duplex elula eya eMume, enziwe ngesigaxa, ama-hemispherees kanye nokunye ukucushwa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani lemfucuza ngesikhathi sokufakwa lizoba lincane - cishe ama-5% kuphela. Isithombe: Tegola.
3. Yikuphi okubonakalayo ungqimba oluvikelayo noluhlobisa lwethayili eliguquguqukayo futhi uqhubeka kanjani ngokuthembekile?
Kusukela umthelela we-Ultraviolet Rays kanye nomonakalo wemishini, izingqimba zama-materroof bitumen zivikela amafafayo okubhuka. Kule khodi i-shale evame kakhulu ne-basallt. I-slate ipendiwe ngendlela yamakhemikhali, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izithunzi zalo zizolenga. Ama-basalt granules athola umbala kwinqubo yokudubula emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi ahlala engashintshiwe ngaso sonke isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-coating. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-basalt yasemanzini ingcono "igingqika" eBitumen, yandisa ukuheha kwamathayili nempilo yayo yenkonzo. Yile ndawo engavunyelwanga evikela uphahla emlilweni lapho izinhlansi ezivela esithandweni somlilo noma endaweni yomlilo ziwela.
I-Poofing Pistol isheshisa isitayela se-tile esithambile
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izobambezeleka ophahleni lweqhwa lasebusika ophahleni, ukugcina ukushisa endlini, futhi entwasahlobo kuzovimbela umthambethi onjenge-avalanche, okwaziyo ukonakalisa uhlelo lwamanzi, aphule izihlahlana futhi Izihlahla zikhula eduze. Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-tile, akudingekile ukubheka ukuthi ukufafazwa kugcinwa ngokushesha kangakanani ku-bitumen ungqimba. Phonsa isandla sakho amasampula we-tile ahlukene bese uqhathanisa ukuthi ama-granule ahlukaniswe kanjani kalula. Ngasikhathi sinye, khumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi sokufakwa nangonyaka wokuqala wokusebenza kukhona ukugeza okuncane okungokwemvelo kwe-gransate, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-10%.
Isisekelo ngaphansi kokubekwa kwama-shingles ama-tingles ama-ting ama-bituminous tile kufanele abe omile, aqine, aqine futhi abushelelezi. I-Diases ukuphakama kwe-OSP noma i-FSF akufanele idlule ku-1-2 mm. Photo: KatePal.
4. Uneminyaka emingaki ibhizinisi, ukhiqiza i-tile eguquguqukayo, futhi yini umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza?
Naka uhlobo olwaziwa ngalo uhlobo lwe-Flexible Bitumen Tiles, ebhizinisini elikukhiphe. Ungabi nobuvila ukuya endaweni yesitshalo, thola izizathu lapho itholakala khona (eRussia noma phesheya) futhi kuyini umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza. Izinkampani ezincane ezikhiqiza amathayili angaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 zinikeze isiqinisekiso sempilo yonke esibukeka ngokungangabazeki.
Uhlelo lwe-TN-Shinglas Classic lwe-attic ebandayo. 1 - I-Flexible Tile Technonol Shinglas; 2 - I-Andeep Sering Living Carpear; I-3 - I-Wooder Flooring (OSP-3, FSF); 4 - I-DOMOM eRarefied; 5 - Unyawo lwembaba. Photo: Tehtonol
Naka uhla lwezinto zokwakha ezihlanganayo: ukuhlanganisa kanye namakhaphethi aphelile, i-mastic, amafilimu nama-membranes. Uhla olubanzi lwezakhi - uphawu lwendlela enkulu yokusebenza. Lalela izincomo zabangane abakhethe uthayela wohlobo oluthile futhi baqiniseka ngekhwalithi yalo yezinkathi eziningana. Phakathi kwabakhiqizi abakhulu balesi sifundo se-Tekhtonikol Corporation. Waqala ukukhishwa kwethayela eliguquguqukayo ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-shinglas ngo-2000-2003, nanamuhla umthamo ophelele wokukhiqiza ungumkhiqizo wezigidi ezingama-50 m2 ngonyaka.
Photo: Selens Corning
Ithayela lokuqala eliguquguqukayo leTegola Corporation livele ngo-1976. Okwamanje, kuma-akhawunti alo 14 amabhizinisi wezimboni namahhovisi abamele emazweni angama-73 omhlaba. Umlando wesitshalo sokukhiqizwa kwamathayili athambile kanye nezinto uKatepal waqala ngo-1949. Eminyakeni eyisithupha, inkampani emkhakheni omncane ikhule yaba yibhizinisi elikhulu, eliqinisekisa ukufunwa kwezimakethe zaseYurophu naseRussia. Inkampani ekhiqiza umkhakha eminingi "CLZ" ineminyaka engama-48 yolwazi ekwenziweni kophahla kanye nokwenziwa kwamanzi okuvutha amanzi, phakathi kwayo i-Flexible Roofshield tile.
Isitshalo se-ruflex, esiyingxenye yenhlangano "Diana", saqala imisebenzi yayo ngo-1991. Namuhla ibheka ukukhishwa kwamathayili aguqukayo womkhiqizo kanye nezinto ezifanayo. Ukukhetha kungumuntu ngamunye. Abanye abathengi bahlala njalo futhi kulo lonke banikezela ngemikhiqizo engenisiwe. Abanye bazama ukuthenga izinto ngesilinganiso senani elifanele nekhwalithi. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zethayela eliguquguqukayo yeRussia yintengo eyamukelekayo lapho kungekho misebenzi yangokwezifiso nezindleko zokuhamba ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, kuyanelisa ukuthi imakethe yokwakha yasekhaya inikezela ngezinto zonke ukunambitheka.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngaphambi kokufaka ama-pallet anama-tile afutshana aguqukayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcina egumbini elomile elivaliwe, ezimweni ezizoqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuphaphala kwelanga. Iqiniso ngukuthi elingaphansi kwe-shingle ngayinye kukhona ungqimba lwe-glue thermoac. Izakhiwo zayo zibonakaliswa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Ukugcinwa endaweni evikelwe emisebeni yelanga, kuvimbela ukuvutha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Le nqubo kufanele iqale ngemuva kokubekwa. Lapho-ke izinto ngazinye zitholwa kancane kancane futhi zakha ukuhlanganiswa kophahla kweMonolithic kanye ne-hermetic.
I-Aryom Azarov
Uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe we-Destiner "Cottage kanye nokwakhiwa okuphansi", isifunda saseMoscow, i-Technikol Company
I-Tile Evumelana nezimo zeqoqo le-cologne, uchungechunge lwegolide (Döcke pie), ungqimba olulodwa (387 rubles / m²). Photo: Döcke pie
5. Yiliphi iwaranti yegama ku-tile eguquguqukayo?
Ngasikhathi sinye ngokutholwa kwethayela le-butuminous, umthengi kufanele athole isitifiketi sewaranti enedatha ephoqelekile kokuqukethwe (usuku lokuthengisa, igama, ikhodi yokukhiqiza iphathi) nenkampani yomthengisi (igama , ikheli, ucingo, ummeleli wefiya, isitembu sesiginesha). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitifiketi kufanele sibhalwe, lapho umthengi ezothola isinxephezelo, malini futhi ngaluphi uhlobo. Uma umenzi enikeza isiqinisekiso sempilo yonke, kepha ukuthi kuyangena kukho futhi ozothintana nobani lesi simo senhlekelele - akucaci, akunakwenzeka ukuthi lokhu kungabhekwa njengedokhumenti elibucayi.
Kuwusizo nokubheka iqiniso lokuthi iwaranti ayisebenzi kumaphutha aqhamuka ngenxa yokuhamba okungafanele nokugcinwa kwamagiya, ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokufaka, insizakalo, ngenxa yeShrinkage yesakhiwo, ukuguqulwa kwe-shrinsage yesakhiwo, ukuguqulwa kwesisekelo esiqhubekayo , izinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nokunye amandla majeure. Yize izingozi ezihambisana nomonakalo wezinto zokwenziwa ngenxa yokwephulwa kobuchwepheshe bezinqubo zokukhiqiza, umenzi uyasebenza ngokuphelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, igama lesiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sophahla oluguqukayo lungaba yinde impela: kusukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kwengama-60.
Encwadini
Ukuze i-attic ifudumele impela, kunamapuleti okufakelwa ekhekheni ophahleni. Ifilimu elinesithiyo se-vapor ngaphansi kwawo livikela ngokungena kokungena komswakama ovela e-attic. Ulwelwesi lwe-deffion ngaphezulu kwamapuleti luvimbela isimo sezulu sokushisa egumbini futhi sinomthelela kokuphuma komusi ngaphandle kokufakwa kwangaphandle. I-Tile eguquguqukayo inika ukuqina, ukuqina kwalo lonke uhlelo nokubukeka okukhangayo.
I-Ting Tango Collection (Technonikol shinglas), ungqimba olulodwa (421 rubles / m²). Photo: "Tekhnonikol
Amathayili weqoqo "Antik", uchungechunge oluthi "uchungechunge" (icopal), ungqimba olulodwa (465 rubles / m²). Photo: ICopal
Iqoqo le-Tile "Western" (Technikol Shinglas), ungqimba olubili (1201 rubles / m²). Photo: Tehtonol
Iqoqo leTetris Tile, uchungechunge olulula (Döcke pie), ungqimba olulodwa (277 rubles / m²). Photo: Döcke pie
I-Tile Collection "Continent" (Technikol shinglas), ungqimba ezintathu (1735 rubles / m²). Photo: Tehtonol
I-Tile "Isiliva Coral" iqoqo amaqoqo (KatePal), ungqimba olulodwa (636 rubles / m²). Photo: KatePal.
Iqoqo le-Tile "kolchuga", uchungechunge olulula (Döcke pie), ungqimba olulodwa (310 rubles / m²). Photo: Döcke pie
Iqoqo le-Tile "Clare", uchungechunge oluthi "Uhlaka" (iCopal), ungqimba olulodwa (465 rubles / m²). Photo: ICopal
Iqoqo le-Tile le- "Country" (Technikol shinglas), ungqimba olubili (ama-ruble angama-449 / m²). Photo: Tehtonol
I-Tile minimalistic "Foxy" (KatePal), ungqimba olulodwa (406 rubles / m²). Photo: KatePal.
Iqoqo le-Tile "Alaska", iNordLand Series (Tegola), ungqimba olulodwa (480 rubles / m²). Isithombe: Tegola.
Iqoqo le-Tile "Flamenco" (Technikol shinglas), ungqimba olulodwa (421 rubles / m²). Photo: Tehtonol
I-Tile "Futuro", uchungechunge oluphezulu lweShingle (Tegola), ungqimba olulodwa (255 ama-ruble / m²). Isithombe: Tegola.
I-Tile Collection Mansion (KatePal), Umbala we-Alberti, ungqimba olubili (838 rubles / m²). Photo: KatePal.
Iqoqo le-Tile "Crohn", uchungechunge olulula (Döcke pie), ungqimba olulodwa (336 rubles / m²). Photo: Döcke pie
