Ukuhlunga kwengcindezi: Izindlela zokuhlanza amanzi okuphuza, izinyathelo zokuhlunga, izinto zokwethulwa, izinhlobo zamadivayisi. Izincomo ezisebenzayo.
Isihlungi se-Desktop yochungechunge lwe- "Water Doctor", olusetshenziswa njengesigaba sokuhlanza sokuhlanza "ukulandelela ithremu"
Imodeli ethi "Aquaphori-sanamuhla" compact futhi iyathandeka
I-nozzle ekhiphekayo ye-nozzle "i-aquopor b300"
Isihlungi esikhiphekayo sezzle "crimp mini-suite"
Ukuze uthole impilo ephelele, umuntu uphuza amathani amanzi angama-50. Kufanelekile ukuchaza ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani kudlalwe ikhwalithi yalo?
Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuqhubeka uchungechunge lwezincwadi eziqale i-athikili ethi "Isihlungi Sezamanzi - I-caprice noma isidingo." Le ngxoxo le ndatshana ihambele ikhwalithi yokuphuza amanzi igeleza emithonjeni yamafulethi ethu (amasistimu wokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kamasipala) kanye namakhaya anamakhaya (amathuba okuzimela), futhi safika esiphethweni esidumazayo sokuthi amanzi avela emthonjeni wawo ayadingeka ukuze ahlanzeke , noMasipala.
Zonke izihlungi zasendlini ezinikezwa yimakethe yanamuhla, sahlukaniswa ngokwemibi izigaba ezimbili: okuqongelelayo kanye nengcindezi.
Phakathi kwa- Izihlungi-Drives Ukuhlanza kwenzeka ngokubukwa okungokwemvelo kwamanzi ngento yokuhlunga. Izincwadi zingezimpikiswano zombili ezinomthamo wamalitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwa-3.5 kanye nama-counter aphezulu abanzi aphezulu, esatshela okokugcina.
Ukuhlunga kwengcindezi Bayahluka kulokho ekuvuzweni kwamanzi ngezinto zokuhlunga, ingcindezi iyadingeka. Bona-ke, bangahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:
Izihlungi zisebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza zakudala
Izihlungi ezisuselwa ku-Osmosis Reverse, lapho ukuvela kwe-membrane yokuhlunga cishe yonke into ngaphandle kwama-molecule amanzi. Lokhu kungashiwo, indlela yokuhlanza indawo yonke, ikuvumela ukuba uthole amanzi okuhlanzeka okukhulu.
Ukuze ungagxili ngokweqile ngolwazi, namhlanje sizogxila ekuhlunga kweqembu lokuqala usebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza zasendulo, kanye ne-athikili ezinhlelweni ze-Osmosis ezihle kakhulu zizoshicilelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Okubi kwamanzi asemadolobheni
Amanzi angena ekunikezelweni kwamanzi futhi aqhamuka egumbini lokuphumula lasemadolobheni, njengokulungiselela okuhle futhi ahlangabezana nezidingo zeSanpin 2.1.4.1074-01 (Okungaphezu kwalo mbuzo kumboze isihloko esithi "Isihlungi Sezamanzi - I-caprice noma isidingo" ). Amashidi we-microbiology ayamukeleka. Kepha izakhiwo ze-organeoleptic zokutshelwa kwamanzi, iphunga, umbala, azihlali zivumelana nabathengi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iqukethe i-chlorine nemikhiqizo yayo yokuxhumana nge-organic compacts; Ukumiswa kwemishini (il, isihlabathi, ukugqwala); Imikhiqizo yokungcoliswa kwesibili.Phambilini, ngaphandle kwe-yla, isihlabathi nokugqwala kufaka amagesi ancibilikile, ama-organic compound, imikhiqizo ye-petroleum it.p. Ukuba khona kwemikhiqizo yokungcoliswa kwamanzi esicekweni emanzini kuhlotshaniswa nesimo esithuthukiswe ezinsizakalweni: Yimaphi amapayipi, nini futhi amanethiwekhi amanzi, amanethiwekhi anesikhathi eside alungiswa.
Umbono wochwepheshe
UVadim Andreevich Kulikovsky, okhethwayo wesayensi yezomzimba nangokwezibalo, umqondisi jikelele wenkampani "I-Water Bamba".
Yikuphi okuthandwa amalahle?
- Izinhlobo ezintathu zama-coal sorbents zisetshenziswa ezihlungi zokuhlanza amanzi okuphuza: inqwaba ye-granular, i-extred and fibrous (i-carbon fiber).
Okokuqala, i-Graland imane ilele ekungeneni kwezindlu. Lapho udlula kulokhu kubuyiselwa emuva, ingxenye yamanzi egeleza eceleni kwezindonga ihlanzwe cishe kaphindwe ka-2 kunaleyo edlula esikhungweni. Kepha amanzi ahlala ezama ukuhamba ngendlela yokumelana okuncane kakhulu ezindongeni zesitsha noma ngokusebenzisa "izimbobo" ezinkulu kakhulu phakathi kwemigqe. Ukucindezela amalahle kuziphatha okungcono kungcono kunobuningi, kepha kusagcina eminye yamaphutha ayo: ama-pores amakhulu nokuhamba ezindongeni kungenzeka.
Izihlungi ze-carbon fiber zinomthamo omkhulu womongo, noma, kalula, zingadonsa inani elikhudlwana lezingcosana ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo sazo. Bane-kinetics engcono. Kuchazwa ngokuthi "amapulatifomu okufika", lapho kufakwa khona ukungcola okufakwayo, ezihlungi ze-carbon fiber zingabizi kakhulu. I-engela ebandakanyekayo itholakala ikakhulukazi ngama-pores angaphandle, ukufika eminyakeni yangaphakathi yokungcola okunzima. Okusolwa ngalokhu kudonswa kwama-granular kuthiwa ukukhathala, lokhu yilapho i- "Finding Platform" kuma-pores angaphandle isivele ihlala, futhi yize umthamo uthatha enye inombolo enkulu yokungcoliswa kwangaphakathi ngenxa ye-poringual yangaphakathi, kepha akukho ukufinyelela kuyo .
Ukuze ababolelekile basazothatha ingxenye entsha yokungcola, udinga nje "ukuphumula" kusuka ekuhlutjweni kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi "sokuzilibazisa", ingxenye yokungcola okubanjwe ngama-pores angaphandle kuzodluliswa ngama-pores angaphakathi (okuhlushwa kudalulwe), ngenxa yokuthi i-are ungqimba izodedelwa, isihlungi sendawo Lungela ukusebenza. Ukuze uthole ubhobongo ovuthayo, into "yokukhathala" ngokwesimo ayikho, imicu yamalahle incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke "izihlalo" kuzo zibize kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, umthamo wokunakwa we-coal fiber uyisikhathi esingu-4-7 ngaphezulu kwaleyo ye-granular. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fule yamalahle, ngokungafani ne-granule, iyaqhubeka impela, futhi noma ngabe kukhona ndawo ethile phakathi kwemicu kuzovela "amanzi, ihamba kuyo, idonsela imicu, ngakho-ke.
Kuliqiniso, kukhona i-carbohyed eyodwa ebalulekile yokubuyisa, izindleko zayo izikhathi ezi-2-3 ziphakeme kunezindleko zamalahle we-granular. Izihlungi zentengo eziphakeme ezisuselwa ku-carbon fiber fule abathengi. Shaya. Uma ubala izindleko zamanzi we-1l ahlanzwa yi-carbon fiber futhi akhule, inani lokuqala lizoba cishe izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2 ngaphansi kwesibili (i-carbon fiber engaphansi kwesibili (i-carbon fiber kakhulu umthamo we-sorpy). Ngakho-ke, kusuka endaweni yokubukwa komnotho, i-carbon solid iyathandeka.
Umbono ohlukile
UVladimir Nikolaevich Fedotovov, Umqondisi Jikelele weMettem Technologies:
- Ama-fibrous sorbents angcono impela kunama-kinetics okutholwa. Lokhu kwaziwa kahle. Ngokuqondene nomthamo wamatshe ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, khona-ke ngokuya ngeyunithi yesisindo, konke konke kufana. Kepha amalahle akhukhunathi ashibhile kakhulu. Akumangalisi emikhiqizweni yabakhiqizi abakhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, kuyaqabukela ukuthola imikhiqizo ngokugcwaliswa kusuka ku-Coal fiber.
Ukuhlunga okunezitezi ezimbili
Ochwepheshe abahlolisisiwe ngabe bavumile ukuthi bazolwa namaphutha abhalwe ngaphezulu ezimweni eziningi (okungukuthi, ngokuqanjwa okujwayelekile kwamanzi, kuqinisekiswe ukuhlaziywa kwalo kwamakhemikhali), kuyadingeka futhi ngokwanele ukuthi isihlungi sengcindezelo sinezinyathelo ezimbili. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlanza imishini lapho kususwa khona imikhiqizo yokungcoliswa kwezibili. Isinyathelo sesibili ukususa i-chlorine kanye nemikhiqizo yokuxhumana kwayo ngezinto eziphilayo, ezinezinto eziphilayo namagesi ancibilikile.
Ukuhlanza okokuqala kwandisa impilo yenkonzo yesigaba sesibili, ngokunembile, akuvumeli ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwesenzo sayo ngenxa yokugibela, ukuletha amanzi.
Kungenzeka ukwelula kakhulu impilo yesihlungi sasekhaya, ikakhulukazi isigaba sayo sokuqala, ngokusetha isihlungi sangaphambi kokuhlanza ohlelweni lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi: I-Mesh (ngosayizi weselula 50 μm) noma ukuhlanza okuhle ka-5-10μm). Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa zombili. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokuphepha isihlungi sengcindezi ngaphandle kwesigaba sokuqala futhi, uzoba nenzuzo esimweni sokuhlanzeka kanye nezinto ezifuywayo usebenzisa amanzi. Uma eduze komthombo wamanzi okuphuza endlini, ikhishi ligeza futhi ligeza, ungahamba ngakolunye uhlangothi: ukuthenga isihlungi ngesinyathelo esinamandla sangaphambi kokuhlanza (kukhona futhi ukugeza nokugeza kanye nokunye amasu avela kuwo. Ngezidingo zokuphuza, isihlungi esinjalo sithatha ingxenye encane yamanzi esele esejwayelekile.
Isigaba sesibili sokuhlanza amadivaysi anikezwa yimakethe singasebenza enye yezimiso ezimbili: ukutholwa ku-carbon evuliwe noma i-polymer ekhethekile kanye nokuhlunga kwe-ultra-mncane.
Izinto zokwethulwa
Ezokuhlunga kwengcindezi ezisetshenzisiwe carbon ezicushiwe izinhlobo ezintathu: ukugeleza okugelezelwe, amalahle e-Carbon kanye ne-calbon. Abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalahle asetshenziswa kakhukhunathi, hhayi i-birch, njengoba inamandla amakhulu womotha. Kusetshenziswa amafemu amabili aseRussia: "I-Aquphomu" (i-Akvaphon Fibre) kanye "namanzi omkhosi".Inkampani "i-geyser" yasungulwa futhi isebenza ngempumelelo njengezihlungi ezihlanganisiwe ngokuya ngendlela yasekuqaleni ye-polymer, enesakhiwo se-labyrinth esinama-0,5 kuye ku-3.5 μm. Ngokusho komenzi, lokhu okuqukethwe kunethonya elihlanganisiwe elihlanganisa ama-adsorption, i-ini ukushintshanisa kanye nokuhlunga kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakaliswa ngomphumela we-Quasi-Soaveting, ngisho nangobulukhuni bamanzi obukhulu, isikali asikhiwa, futhi i-precipitate idonswa kalula ngamanzi.
I-Ultrafiltration
I-Ultrafiltration yenziwa kusetshenziswa ulwelwesi lwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-ceramic kanye ne- "amathrekhi". Ekugcineni kufanelekile ukuhlala imininingwane eminingi.
Inkampani "i-ECOMMBRANA" inikeza ubuchwepheshe obusha "Dow Doctor", umnyombo wokuthi yikuphi ukuhlanza kwangaphambi kokuhlanza nokugcina kusetshenziswa okukhokhelwa okukhokhelwa okukhokhelwa okukhokhelwayo okukhokhelwa okuphelele kwe-ultrafiltration usebenzisa i- "track membrane". I- "Track membrane" ngokwayo ifilimu ye-polymer, ecubungulwa ikakhulukazi ukuthola amathrekhi amancane "amathrekhi" (microtubule) anobubanzi be-0.2-0.3 MKM. Zitholakala kwifilimu enobunzima obungafika ezigidini ezingama-400 nge-1 cm2. Ngokusho komenzi, ubuchwepheshe "Udokotela Wamanzi" ukuvumela ukuthi uhlanze amanzi kusuka ku-chlorine eyinsalela kanye ne-chlorine, kufakwe ama-organics we-organic (aluminiums, i-aluminium, u-100% ahlanza amanzi avela kunoma yimaphi amagciwane nama-bacterial agents , kunciphisa kakhulu ukugxila kwezibulala-zinambuzane, izinsimbi ezisindayo (eziqinisekiswe isitifiketi). Ngasikhathi sinye, izinto eziwusizo nezinto ezilandelwayo zigcinwa emanzini. I- "track membrane" ingasetshenziselwa amanzi ngokungcola okwengeziwe, lapho ezinye izihlungi zikhathele khona insiza ngokushesha okukhulu kakhulu.
Umbono wochwepheshe
UBoris evgeevov ryabchikov, isisebenzi se-SSC ye-Russian Federation yezinto zokwakha ze-vni, udokotela wezesayensi yezobuchwepheshe, uMlobi wencwadi ethi "Izindlela Zanamuhla Zokulungiselela Amanzi" (2004, Delhi Publishing House).
Ungashintsha nini i-cartridge?
Amafemu amaningi abeka amanani amabili wesikhombisi sezinsizakusebenza - kudoti futhi ngesikhathi sokusebenza (kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya konyaka). Njengomthetho, i-parameter yesikhathi inqunywa ekubalweni okulandelayo: Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okujwayelekile kuthathwa ngosuku nomuntu oyedwa futhi kuyaphindwa ngenani lamalungu omndeni, ukusetshenziswa komndeni kwansuku zonke. Lapho-ke i-Service Life yesihlungi esikudoti ihlukaniswe ngenani lokusebenzisa okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibala ushintsho ku-cartridge. Yebo, kunjalo, isikhathi sokumiselela sinqunywa ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha kwe-microbiologiogious. Ngakho-ke, uma kusetshenziswa amanzi, ukubeka ikhwalithi ngobumnene, kucace, kuyacaca ukuthi iveza inani elithile lamagciwane. Noma isihlungi sakho singaphuthelwa, akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu uzofa ngokushesha. Bazohlala ku-cartridge (ikakhulukazi ama-virubes athanda ama-cartridges amalahle) futhi angaqala ukwanda. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yini isihlungi sasekhaya? Ifudumele, futhi amanzi ahlala ngaphakathi kuyo. "Ukushisa nokuhlaza" kuyindawo efanayo ethandeka kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane. Njengoba ochwepheshe bethi, isihlungi siqala "ukuthola ijazi loboya".
Uma usebenzisa isihlungi njalo (izingxenye ezintsha zamanzi ama-chlorged zihlala zingena kukho), isilinganiso sokugcwala ngeke sibe phezulu kakhulu. Kepha uma kungenxa yesizathu esithile ungasebenzisi isihlungi isikhathi eside (i-IT.P.'s Trip), izinga lokugcwala linganda kaninginingi. Ngenxa yalokhu, okuphuma kwesihlungi emanzini kungahle kube yimicibisholo yama-microorganisms wempilo yama-microorganisms. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuphuza amanzi anjalo kumane kungaphephile.
Ukunciphisa izinga lokugcwala, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise impilo yama-cartridge amalahle, abakhiqizi abaningi bangeza isiliva kubo. Kepha akufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi isiliva liyiPanacea kubo bonke abathukuthele. Amanani aphephile empilweni yabantu lapho itholakala khona ku-cartridge, amagciwane esiliva awakubulali, kunciphisa kakhulu ijubane lokuthuthuka kwabo. Kungakho kungakufanelekeli ukwethenjwa ngokukhangiswa yizidingo zabakhiqizi nabathengisi bosizi: "Isihlungi sethu sibhubhisa ngokuphelele ama-microorganisms!" Esiliva ukuqala ukucekela phansi amagciwane, kufanele kufakwe emanzini ngamanani angeqile kwe-MPC (0.05 mg / l), kepha lokhu kungenzeka kungabi ubuthi obufanayo njengoba zonke izinsimbi ezisindayo (ama-MPCs awethule hhayi konke ngeze!). Kuyacaca ukuthi akukho khiqizi ozoyitholela yona.
Ngokuvamile, ukuze zivikeleke enkingeni, kuyadingeka ukubona (ukugcizelela!) Bheka ukuguqulwa kokushintshwa kwama-cartridges- zombili kudoti nakwikhalenda. Ukwenza lula isixazululo somsebenzi, kufanelekile ukuthenga isihlungi ngohlelo lwezinkomba. Lokhu kungafana nenkomba elula yosuku lokubuyiselwa okulandelayo, kanye nohlelo oluzenzakalelayo oluzenzakalelayo lapho i-SAMA ishintsha isidingo sokuthatha isenzo. Izinto nezinye izinkomba manje zigcwalisa izihlungi zazo hhayi zakwamanye amazwe kuphela, kodwa futhi nabakhiqizi basekhaya (Uxolo hhayi bonke!).
Ngenxa yobulungiswa kufanele kukhulunywe ngezinhlelo ezilula ngokuphelele, njengoba zibizwa ngokuthi abakhiqizi, "ukuzidelela". Basebenza kalula: Lapho uthuthukisa insiza, isihlungi sehlisa umfutho wamanzi ahlanjwe. Kepha izinhlelo ezinjalo "zezinkomba" kungenzeka zingaphephile ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, ngamanani amancane anesisindo emanzini, isihlungi sizosetha kabusha ikhanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kune-cartridge yamalahle lizokhiqiza insiza yalo. Ngakho-ke, njengoba besho, banethemba lokuthi "ukuzithiba", kanye naye ...
Ukuphetha kwe-Yves ngezindlela ezikhona zokulwa namagciwane axazululwe kusihlungi. Amanye amafemu ahlome amamodeli walona amabili ajikelezayo namathathu asiza ukubhekana nalokhu okubi. Iasli ubenesifiso esiqinile sokuba nesihlungi sasekhaya futhi kwisihlungi sasekhaya futhi i-ultraviolet disinfection, futhi endlini lapho isivele isihlungi esigcwele, sikushintshe okusha, ngokuphathwa kwe-UV, hhayi. Kwanele ukuthenga uhlelo lokubulala amagciwane futhi kushumeke phakathi kwesihlungi kanye ne-crane yamanzi ahlanzekile. Amadivaysi anjalo we-UV anikela emakethe yethu ye-Aquapro (South Korea), "Izinsizakusebenza Zamanzi Zikazwelonke" ("NVR", Russia), R-Canada) nabanye. Isibani se-Mercury-quartz sibekwe ezindlini zensimbi engenasici, zenzelwe ingcindezi ye-ATM eyi-10. Futhi ifakwe ngama-fittings amabili wokuxhuma amanzi (ukuxhumana okusheshayo kokuxhuma kweshubhu lepulasitiki). Isisetshenziswa seLamp - amahora angama-9000 (cishe iminyaka eyi-1 yokusebenza). Ukusebenza - kusuka kumalitha ayi-4 kuye kwangama-30 / imizuzu. Idivayisi ifakwe ngokuhlinzekwa kwamandla (220V) kanye nesilawuli esizovula / sikhiphe isibani lapho sivula / sivala i-crane ngamanzi ahlanzekile (asindisa isisetshenziswa sesibani). Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla - kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-200w. Ukulethwa okuphelele kufaka iziqeshana zepulasitiki zama-fasteners e-UV disinfection odongeni. Intengo yalawa madivayisi aqala kusuka ku- $ 150 kuya ku- $ 330. Kufaka okunamandla okunamandla, ngakho-ke kushibhile.
Iqinile futhi "iron" amanzi
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungacabangi ukuthi amanzi amapayipi amanzi asemadolobheni angahluka kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezindlela ezisunguliwe. Kalula nje, kuwo wonke amadolobha amanzi awo awo, futhi emadolobheni amakhulu umehluko uyabonakala phakathi kwanoma yiziphi izifunda ezimbili. Lo mehluko ukwandisa ukuqina noma okuqukethwe kwensimbi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kobabili.
Phakathi kokuhlunga kwekhilomitha okunikezwa yimakethe yanamuhla kunezinto ezizisindisa kulokhu kububi. Abakhiqizi bahamba ngezindlela ezimbili. Phambili, icala lingezwa ku-cartridge ungqimba lwezinto zokushintshana kwe-ion (zikhungathekile noma ze-fibrous). Kwesibili, bakha isigaba sesithathu sesithathu sokuhlekisa noma ukuthambisa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zombili (isihlungi siba kathathu noma ezine-isigaba). Kucace bha ukuthi isitsha, ngokwesibonelo, ngosawoti wokuqina ezihlungi ezinezengezo zesendlalelo esincane ziphansi kakhulu kunalezo zihlungi lapho sonke isiteji esinikezelwe khona ekuthambekeleni. Kepha kulokho futhi kwesinye isimo, kufanele kukhunjulwe engqondweni yokuthi izihlungi zigcina kuphela lapho i-MPC ingabi nkulu kakhulu ngokulungiswa kobulukhuni kanye nosawoti wensimbi. Uma amanzi aqinile kakhulu (7mg-Eq / L) noma kunensimbi eningi (1mg / l), izihlungi ezithengiswayo ezithengiswayo zingenakugcina amandla we-cartridge zincane, futhi zivame ukuguqula umsebenzi wazo yi-purcer).
Kungasiza ukuthi isiteshi sakhe sokwelashwa kwamanzi, silawulwa ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi sihlome nge-softener evuselelekile noma i-Imbeleller ephezulu. Kepha iziteshi ezinjalo zenziwa ngaphansi kwe-oda elithile ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa kwamanzi futhi zibiza kakhulu.
Njengamanje esetshenziselwa ukuhlanzwa kwezihlungi zamanzi ompompi ezisebenzisa izici ezakhayo kungahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu: izihlungi ezifuywayo ezifuywayo, izihlungi zedeskithophu nezihlungi ezifakiwe ngaphansi kwesinki. Umphumela walawa maqembu kuzoxoxwa ngezihloko ezintathu ezalandela.