Methods for ventilation of the country house and equipment needed to organize an air exchange in its rooms.
Wall exhaust fans TOTALLY TROPICA (A) and STONE THE CROWS (B) (Greenwood AirVac) and VP-P ventlets (B) and BP-C (g) ("season")
To supply air to large rooms of cottages, you can use round imeksan diffusersGrada.
Pm Vent.
Linear (a, b) and disk (c) air support
Dividers fits perfectly into modern interiors.In recent years, during construction in the walls began to lay ventilation from PVC pipesVents.
O.erre.Cata.
Wall fans for bathrooms and kitchensXpelair.
Changing fan setting:
1 - Vintrech;
2 - flexible noise absorbing air duct;
3 - fan;
4 - node of passage through the wallVentart.
AXC channel fan housings are performed from galvanized
Noah steel (a) and high-strength durable plastic (b)
Photo K. Manko Architectural Project Findia Log Homes"Engineering equipment"
Valve Kiv "serves" through the wall of fresh air, but will not miss insects, noise and dustIf the quality of the work of natural ventilation does not suit you, you can translate the house for the ventilation "Gigro" (Aereco). Its main components - an exhaust fan, for example V2A (1), a hygrorgulatory
My Ventreys BXS (2)
This looks like a trim valve (ventilator) Renson from the room (A) and outside (b). Bandwidth of the device - 159m3 / h on 1M lengthVIPLE produces a wide range of roof fans and universal elements for passage through the roofPhoto K. Manko designer V.LelmanAir ventilation channels and fasonis from galvania often use air transportationSupply ventilating plant with water heater WK21 (WOLF) height 400mmSchrag.Stberg.
In energy-saving
Glowing forces and exhaust plants with a plate (a) or rotary (b) reheuperator of fresh air heats up (cooled) due to exhaust
In a modern country house, a comfortable microclimate must be maintained regardless of weather popsicles. Care about it falls on the shoulders of climatic systems.
Photo E. Mulchin Architect M.Lazdins What a person needs for complete "climatic happiness" within the borders of a separate cottage? First, the effective ventilation of all rooms, without which a modern country house with its hermetic windows, walls and doors risks in a matter of hours to turn into a firework. Secondly, the optimal balance of temperature, humidity and speed of air movement in the rooms.
The universities of climatic systems that provide comfort may include a variety of devices. Today we will talk about the ways of ventilation of the country house and the equipment needed to organize the air exchange in its premises throughout the year.
Fresh air
As a result of human vital activity, the oxygen content in the air is decreasing, and carbon dioxide becomes too much. Non-quality building materials, furniture, household appliances are distinguished by harmful substances. Air cleaners are not able to return the air his original purity. Therefore, spent, saturated with evaporation, dust and bacteria room air should be regularly replaced with fresh.
Photo K. Manko Architect Dymaviche
In the bedrooms, where they often smoke, intensive ventilation of the air exchange rate in residential single-headed rooms gives SNiP 31.02-2001. According to this document, the performance of the home ventilation system in service mode should be determined from the calculation of at least one-time air exchanging within 1 in rooms with a permanent stay of people. From the kitchen you need to delete at least 60m3 / h, from the bathroom and toilet to 25m3 / h. The multiplicity of the air exchange in all ventilated rooms in non-working mode should be at least 0.2 volume of the room for 1C. The increase (of course, to the reasonable limits) of the amount of supply air usually favorably affects human well-being, the decrease leads to a decrease in performance, and sometimes to diseases.
The calculated values of the air exchange for the premises of the country house are given in the arrangement of the rules for the design and construction of engineering systems of single-family residential buildings (SP 31.106-2002).
Estimated air exchange values in the rooms of a single-sided country house (GP 31.106-2002)
Room
Minimum air exchange value, m3 / h
Constantly
In service mode
Bedroom, Living Room, Children
40.
40.
Library, Cabinet
twenty
twenty
Pantry, lining, dressing room
10
10
Gym, Billiard
twenty
80.
Safety, ironing, drying
10
80.
Kitchen with electric stove
twenty
60.
Kitchen with gas stove
twenty
80 on 1 burner
Heat generator
twenty
By calculation, but not less than 60
Bathroom, shower, toilet
five
40.
Sauna
five
5 per person
Pool
10
80.
Garage
twenty
80.
Garbage Camera
twenty
twenty
There is from what to choose!
House on seven winds
When ventilating with a natural motion, the air goes to the rooms through the windows in the windows, and it is removed through the vents that are embedded in the walls in the overwhelming majority of permanent accommodation houses use a system with a natural motion of air removal. It is suitable if the air outside the windows is little contaminated, and it is possible to insert it in the room without preliminary cleaning. The system works due to the difference in the specific weights of cold street air (heavier) and warm room (easier). Fresh difts mixed with room, constantly reducing the concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere in the atmosphere, then the mixture through the interior door cutters moves in the direction of the bathrooms and the kitchen, fascinating the excess of carbon dioxide and pollution. Along the way, the stream is heated and becomes less dense, as a result of which rises to the ceiling. Through wall-mounted ventilation grilles on ventures in the bathrooms and kitchens, creating a slight discharge in these rooms, polluted air leaves the house.
Compact supply of the CAU-MINI series (shuft) with electric air heating
Telem For the ventilation system with a natural motion earned, you must first organize the flow of fresh air into the room. You can restrict ourselves to regular manual ventilation. However, even a slightly open window, you admire noise. In addition, keeping windows open often unsuitable dangerous. In winter, with a volleam ventilation, the heating system does not immediately cope with a decrease in air temperature, hypothermia, drafts.
Sometimes for the supply ventilation of residential premises, holes with a diameter of 22-30 mm under the submap boards, slightly above the heating batteries. Heated air, rising from batteries, drags cold outer air through them. After venting, these holes are closed with plugs.
Exhaust ventilations are often combined into a chimney block. Make them from red bricks, remove them simultaneously with the walls of the wall according to the project, starting with certain marks, it is better to organize a constant inflow of fresh air with the help of specially designed for this supply devices embedded in the window structure. Models installed in the opening of the window block between the sash and the frame are manufactured by Profile Manufacturers: KBE, TROCAL, Salamander, Kmmerling (all Germany) IDR. Overhead devices mounted on a frame of the window, to our market supplies, for example, Aereco (France) is about 1,4th. Rubles. For the kit for one window. Effectively use of ventilators embedded in the through hole in the wall of each room of the cottage, - wall supply valves. They are offered not only foreign-Aereco and Siegenia-Aubi (Germany), Systemair and Fresh (Obvlenia), Onninen (Finland), but also domestic firms, such as "engineering equipment". Each wall valve will cost you in 2.5-5 thousand rubles. Plus the installation costs are about 1.7-3.5 thousand rubles. Air removal from the kitchen, toilet, bathroom and, if necessary, from other premises of the house (garage, boiler room, etc.). Exhaust ventilation risers (channels) are usually performed in the walls next to chimneys (smoke trumpets). The structure of those and others depends on the design of the house. Sometimes the "bundle" of smoke and ventkanalov is laying out of the brick or special blocks on a separate foundation. If you forgot about the ventilation during the construction of the house, you can always save the position by performing risers from asbestos-cement pipe with a diameter of 150-200mm, from the ceiling of the bathrooms and kitchens to the roof (preferably on 40-50cm above the skate). At the same time, the minimum height difference between the air intake levels in the rooms (the installation site of the supply grid) and the emission (exhaust tube headpoint) should be at least 3m.
Photo E. Lyuchin Architects R. Kotov, A.Kyrhasar
In summer, natural ventilation works ineffectively - to air the premises, you have to open windows. The main disadvantage of the ventilation system with natural motion is that the efficiency of its operation depends on the variables of air temperature, direction and wind speeds. Normally, such a system functions when the windows below 5C. In winter, it even has to cover the shutters on the exhaust lattices in the bathrooms and the kitchen, otherwise unproductive heat losses are inevitable. Auto in the summer The natural ventilation system practically does not work, although during this period some premises (kitchens, bathrooms, raw basements) must be intensively ventilated.
But the craving in the summer is easy to strengthen. This contributes to the heated ventkanalov. The closer they are located to the chimney of the year-round functioning boiler or the gas column, the better the ventilation works. If the chimney is removed from the ventilation riser, a low-power water heater connected to a separate branch of the heating system can be installed in the root part of the latter, or carry out a DHW pipe.
Lomanco.
Deflector (a) and rotational ventilation turbine (b) Another way to increase the traction to create discharge in ventilation risers. For this, on the roof, there are special devices for Ventkanalov. The air flow (wind) is a deflector, creating a discharge in the device diffuser, thereby absorbing air from the risers. The wide range of deflectors offers Uniwersal (Poland), as well as "Moven", "Tyra" (Russia) IDR. Recently, in Russia they began to sell spherical rotary ventilation turbines - Turbovent (Russia), Lomanco (USA), which are mounted on the podlings of the venet of cottages. Despite the direction and strength of the wind, the turbine is rotated, providing a weak discharge in ventilating risers and pulling the polluted air out of the house. Systems are very popular in America. The total trouble of deflectors and turbine- in the calm they are useless.
If in the house serving ventilation with natural motion, there is a powerful fireplace with an open furnace, then during its operation not only in summer, but in winter polluted air can go from the bathrooms, kitchens and other rooms in the fireplace room, together with unpleasant odors and harmful substances. After all, the fireplace itself is a powerful exhaust device capable of removing outside the room to 500m3 / h. To avoid similarized traction, it is necessary to ensure a rich air supply from the street directly to the furnace.
Regardless of the weather
It is relatively more reliable (since it does not depend on the weather and effectively prevents the processing of traction) the ventilation system with a mechanical motivation of air removal. The inflow is natural, outflow-forced.
Mechanical motivation system. Fresh air enters the premises through window valves, contaminated - removes from the bathrooms and a kitchen with a single powerful exhaust fan and air ducts in the system, the trim air enters the house through window or wall valves. The hood from the baths and the kitchen is usually carried out using one powerful exhaust fan (300-6000m3 / h capacity) mounted on a heated attic and connected to ventilated spaces by means of air ducts. On ventilations, ventilating lattices are set with adjustable blinds, or exhaust pipes with a turntable and a lid adjustable by hand, or the lattice with automatic adjustment of the passage section (depending on the humidity of the exhaust air, CO2 content). You can "stimulate" the hood with one or more by the number of ventricular fans installed through the silencers on the exhaust pipe headings. Finally, the approach is common in each bathroom and in the kitchen of the cottage wall-mounted models of fans with check valves, emitting air from these rooms only during their use - through holes in the outer walls (conveniently, if the fans are turned on automatically, by signal from Sensor of motion, humidity or air quality). Strying to wall fans in the attic place a permanent channel, pulling polluted air through the roof to the street and ensures the minimum allowable air exchange in the cottage residential rooms.
To pave the ventkanals, it is enough to make a staple ceiling around the perimeter of the room of wall fans worth 0.5-4 thousand rubles. A lot of sales: "Arktos" (Russia), Vortice (Italy), Silavent, Xpelair, DuCEX (United Kingdom), O.erre (Italy), Soler Palav (Spain, Brand Decor), "Ventilation systems" (Ukraine, trading Brand Vents). Channel fans cost 8-24 thousand rubles. Systemair and Stberg offer, Xpelair, O.erre IDR. Among the roof fans, the Fenco model (Uniwersal) can be noted, which ensures the performance of the exhaust to 180m3 / h with an electric motor turned on or works as a deflector (the fan impeller works so that it does not interfere with the free output of the ventilation air).
We solve environmental problems
Many owners of cottages, adjacent to highways, seriously think about the speedy place of residence. Dust, noise and unpleasant smells penetrate the house inevitably. But from them you can protect the dwelling, closing tightly plastic windows and doors with a hermetic entrance, and for the organization of the air exchange, use the mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation system, which will provide a sufficient amount of fresh air purified from dust and aromas and removal from the cottage of spent air.
Fresh air is supplied to the supply unit from the facade, removed from the road from the offshield houses, establish the mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation systems based on the supply installations (from 2-3 thousand rubles / m2 at home). Through the warmed channel communicating with the street, they take fresh air, purify it from dust and heated to the "sanitary" norm (17c), after which they are sent to all rooms over the network of air ducts laid behind a tail ceiling or false walls. Air extractor, and, consequently, the removal of water vapor and other contamination contained in the air are carried out through the ventilation channels in the bathrooms and the kitchen. In addition, not to "overload" the exhaust system of the house, in one of non-residential premises in the outer wall, it is arranged through a hole, which is closed with wall gravitational blinds, opening in the excess pressure in the rooms, or equipped with an exhaust fan. The performance of the installations is from 150m3 / h. They can be placed in attics, in basements or on the street.
The system of mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation on the base of the supply unit and the roof exhaust fan in a single-storey building of such a ventilation system forces to provide in the rooms a high-quality distribution of supply air at minimum speed. The cleaning level of pollution can be very high (especially if coal filters are used, bactericidal lamps, HEPA filters, etc.). Kednostatoks include increased energy consumption during the cold period of the electric heating of air. Cheaper operation of supply installations with water calorifer connected to the boiler. We note the arrings of Rover (Germany), Amalva (Lithuania), "Arktos", "Ovik", "Engineering equipment", "Weeza" (all- Russia) IDR. Network equipment for creating a system (air ducts, venerable, etc.) is in the Systemair, Stberg, Diaflex assortment (Sweden) IDR.
Mechanical ventilation system based on an energy-saving supply-exhaust installation with a plate recuperator. Provides a flow of fresh air into residential premises and removing spent from the bathrooms and equipment if the cottage besides the problems with the environment, there is also a shortage of energy resources, the situation can save the system of supply and exhaust ventilation on the basis of an energy-saving supply-exhaust installation. It will save 20-86% of the energy consumed for heating air in the cold season, due to heat of exhaust air. Energy saving is achieved through the use of a plate cross-flow recovery, a rotary heat engine or air pump "air" in the supply and exhaust ventilator installation. When installing the system, the air duct and exhaust in the house will need to be placed in the house, with which all houses of the house will be connected to the supply and exhaust installation, as well as 2 times more than in the case of the system based on the supply unit, the amount of ventrenula. Noise from air flows eliminate channel noise absorbers and flexible air ducts.
In the market of supply and exhaust plants with a plate cross-flow recuperator presented mainly imported equipment: VVX, MAXI (SystemAir), CAUP (SHUFT, NORWAY), UR (Aermec, United Kingdom). Special attention deserves products with cellulose-based recuperators: VAM (Daikin, Japan) and "Lossnes" (Mitsubishi Electric, Japan). Supply-exhaust plants with rotary heat excavator-model rows Rotovex and VR (SystemAir), HERU (STBERG), CAUR (SHUFT), GOLD, BCEA (SWEGON, Sweden). Russian equipment is climate settings (BB Consulting). The solution for the house ranging from 200m2 with serious automation can cost 3-8 thousand rubles. / M2.
