We tell what kind of roof exist and is it possible to use the technologies of the construction of roofs in high-rise buildings in the construction of a one-quality house.
Roofing types in residential buildings
Plates and rafyla
Architectural solutions
Materials
- leafy
- piece
- Clauses
Roofs of urban skyscrapers and single-storey cottages may have the same engineering solution. In the first case, this is usually a flat surface formed by a horizontal reinforced concrete slab, in the second - a rafter system of wood, metal beams or reinforced structures of factory production. It happens on the contrary, when the rafters are used in new monolithic structures, and the upper part of the cottage is one solid horizontal terrace, but it is rather an exception to the rules. Nevertheless, there are much more general moments than differences. For different categories of houses, the same types of roof are suitable.
Roofs are classified by design, shape and coating material.
Classification for technical device
Rafyla
This is a frame that is based on the walls of the house. This decision was most common. It allows you to implement any architectural solutions. Reliability does not cause any doubts - the method has perfectly proven itself for many centuries.
Reinforced concrete plate
The stove is placed horizontally either at a small angle so that the rain water is not delayed on its surface. Designer delights here may not be less than in the first case. The plane itself is invisible, but nothing prevents the garden on it, make the pool or the sports field. Types of roofing residential apartment buildings can be used in private construction. Recently, in the country villages, more and more modern buildings appear in the style of modernity, which are characterized by clear faces and straight angles.
Classification in form
- Flat roofs.
- Single one.
- Double.
- Dome and conical.
Stay and more complex species.
Walm
Consist of four planes. The surfaces from the ends of the building are triangles, the front and rear sides have the shape of a trapezoid. Triangular parts are called Valmami.
Polvalm
They do not reach Niza in contrast to the back and the facade sides, which makes the design a little similar to the two-tie system.
Broken
Each of the two skates is divided in half the infiltration directed into the outer side. Such an admission can significantly expand the attic space, turning it into a full-fledged second floor. Easy design and low cost make this engineering solution one of the most common.
Multi-type
There are a complex set of two-tie and semi-walled structures whose skates are directed in different directions.
Combined
This is a combination of all the above varieties. The architectural appearance of the building can be both persecuted and quite restrained, devoid of any excesses.
Types of roofing materials in residential buildings
Leafy
These include coatings of metal, polymer and other sheets.Slate
These are wavy panels from asbestos and cement. In housing construction, it is applied less and less, since with long-term contacts asbestos are dangerous to health. The material is quite suitable for household buildings. Products have a standard length of 1.75 m and width from 0.98 to 1.13 m. The mass is from 10 to 15 kg. It can be stacked when a bias from 12 to 60 degrees. Installation is made by braziness on a crate of wooden bars with nails. From above to the crate before installing, it is necessary to lay a layer of waterproofing. Slate absorbs moisture well, so mold and moss may appear on his face.
Ondulin
Polymer compound with high resistance to loads and temperature drops. The perfect replacement of the sector. Ontulin can be used on the pitched roof angle of inclination from 6 degrees. It is attached to the crate with special nails. Standard length - 2 m, width - 0.96 m. Weight - 6.5 kg. Unlike its counterpart, it looks good and does not pose any threat to health. It is not much more expensive. The coating is well bended and can be used when creating complex surfaces. Negative qualities are flammable and lightweight.
Professor
It is steel sheets. The profile can be smooth or relief. Steel is covered with a protective polymer layer preventing corrosion. The minimum inclination angle is 10 degrees. Installation is made on the self-tapping screw. As a base, an old runneroid can be used, provided that it does not give leaks and does not accumulate moisture, leading to the appearance of mold. With medium decorative qualities, the cost is relatively low.
Metal tile.
This is a professional flooring, imitating ceramic tile. For technical specifications, these materials are practically no different. The metal tile looks much more elegant and is almost no different from the real ceramics. Installation work can be carried out alone, as the mass and dimensions of the panels are small.
Steel folded sheets
Modern roofing, used in the construction of private cottages and multi-storey buildings. It has a smooth surface. The relief creates joints, the so-called false. They are edges curved so that one inserted into the other. There are several options for such "locks". Types of folding roofs differ from each other by the method of installation. Usually, the joints are prepared at the bottom at the construction site, and then put on the crate using special tools. Molded design does not require such preparations. A rolled technology is also used, in which the material is turned into a roll before preparation.
The last option is far from the most convenient and technical characteristics is inferior to professional flooring, if we compare steel products. It is worth it a little cheaper. Also produced sheets of copper and aluminum, characterized by increased reliability. Their service life exceeds 75 years. They are the most expensive compared to their counterparts. Another drawback is good thermal conductivity. When installing, it is necessary to put a layer of insulation. Sound insulation does not hurt, as the metal perfectly transmits the sound.
The angle of inclination for all types of folding coating should not be more than 3 degrees. The attachment of the joints is made by small stripes of steel, copper or aluminum, so-called bellows.
Piece products
Tile
These are ceramic plates laid by the rows of brass. Tile has excellent performance. Its service life exceeds 100 years. It does not burn, does not create problems with home microclimate and easily mounted. To spend work, one person is enough. The bias should be from 25 to 60 degrees. It can be more, but then additional fasteners will be required. If less, you have to put a layer of waterproofing. Installation is performed using nails and screws inserted into a special hole. The upper plate is connected to the bottom through special locks. Ceramics is expensive, but the price pays off reliability and beauty.
Sand-cement tile
It looks no worse, but its service life is three times shorter. It is easier, it has about the same strength, resistance to aggressive chemicals. It transfers to 1000 cycles of freezing and thawing, but at the same time the same fragile as its prototype.
Shale plates
Perhaps the most expensive coating, and it is not surprising. Each tile is made manually from the present slate. The material has a natural gray-brown shade. 1 m2 with a thickness of 4 mm weighs about 25 kg. The standard width is 15 or 30 cm, the length is 20 and 60 cm. The minimum angle of the slope is 25 degrees. The mount is made on a wooden crate with copper or galvanized nails 10 cm long.
Types of soft roofs
Hydroizol
Came to replace the usual runner. It is sold in rolls and stacked on the melted bitumen, heated by gas burner. Its base is made of polyester, glass cholester or fiberglass. Polyester is better in quality, but it is more expensive. Glassball is better to use where high strength is not required. Before you start laying, you need to put - insulation, and from above - waterproofer. Even when inserted 10 cm there is a possibility that the tightness will be insufficient.
Flexible tile
It is produced on the basis of glass cholester, impregnated with bitumen with modifying additives. The outer part has a drawing, imitating tile. A layer of mineral crumb is applied to it that protects against the effects of sunlight and creating a feeling of stone or ceramics. The canvas laid on the sheets of waterproof plywood either on a good waterproofer. The base should be solid. Material can be used with complex roofing structures where flexibility and high decorative qualities are required.
Polymer membranes
Produced from rubber, polyvinyl chloride and thermoplastic olefins to the base weld with hot air or glued. Work does not occupy a lot of time. The coating is durable and can last up to 50 years. It does not miss moisture. When using it, waterproofing is not required. Membranes stand as much as flexible tile, but they do not differ high decorative characteristics.
Bulk roofing
This is a liquid mastic, when laying frozen and forming an elastic coating. It is applied to a solid base with an angle of inclination not more than 25 degrees. If the angle is more than 3 degrees, you will need a reinforcing grid. The mastic is applied to several layers of a total thickness of 1 cm and the top of mineral crumb that protects against sunlight. The base can be displayed runnerdo. Despite the relative loss, on such a surface can be walking. This is an excellent solution for the device terraces on flat roofs. Waterproofing devices will not need, as the coating is hermetically.
