Glazing rau saum qab nthab

Anonim

Cov zaub mov teeb pom kev zoo: teeb rau kev ua haujlwm thiab chaw noj mov, chav ua noj lub teeb tsa. Kev ua lag luam muaj dab tsi?

Glazing rau saum qab nthab 13552_1

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Tobias Grali.

Nres koj xaiv ntawm lub qab nthab rau lub teeb pom kev zoo, xyuam xim rau lub zog ntawm lub teeb - nws yuav tsum tsis qis dua 75W

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Daim Duab Ntawm Evgenia Lichina

Leej twg hais tias chandelier hauv chav ua noj tsis tsim nyog? Tsuas yog qhov kev txiav txim siab no tsis yog rau chav me me

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Nyiaj txiag

"Tsev neeg ua phooj ywg zoo" ncua luminaires los ntawm bankamp yuav tsis tawm ib lub kaum

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Tus me

Yog hais tias lub qab nthab qhov siab tso cai, lub teeb tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau sab saum toj ntawm cov pob taws hinged

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Marbel.
Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Duab ntawm Karen Manko

Nws tsis tsim nyog tias "lub hnub qub" muaj nyob hauv cov lus. Ntau qhov chaw teeb tsa yuav faib nws ntau tusyees

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Nyiaj txiag

Nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav lub teeb tag nrho ntawm lub rooj noj mov uas siv lub teeb lub teeb afonomous. Tej zaum yuav muaj ob peb lawv yog tias lub rooj ntev txaus

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Oligo.
Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Hniav teeb txawb teeb:

A- "Ciav tswm ciab hauv cov cua"

B-flask nrog txau

Zoo meej tswm ciab

G-qauv "glob"

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Falb.
Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Oligo.
Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Scavolini.

Hood nrog backlit muab cov khaub ncaws hnav ntawm lub phaj thiab ntxuav

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Tecnovetro.
Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Cov roj fluorescent teeb tau muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau chav ua noj - elongated kuaj nrog tus ntoo khaub lig Tshooj 7 lossis 16 hli
Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Nuova ellelse.
Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Eduse
Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Oligo.

Luminaires tau tso ib ncig ntawm lub qab nthab nthab sporually nthuav chaw

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
"IBBR"

Luminaires ntawm nkhaus tuaj yeem kho cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb dej ntws

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Oligo.

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Eduse

Thaum xaiv lub teeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws haum rau hauv chav tsev stylistics tag nrho thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom ntawm kev ua kom haum ntawm lwm thaj chaw

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Eduse
Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Marbel.

Ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb, txhua tus tau nyiam lub teeb funny rau hauv chav ua noj - "Frying lauj kaub" ntawm qhov "scrambled qe" yog kib. Qhov khoom plig tiag tiag rau cov uas tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj kev lom zem txawm tias yog npaj lawv cov chav tsev. Tab sis tso dag kev tso dag, thiab cov ua noj lub teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov hnyav.

Hauv txhua txoj kev lag luam, lawv txoj cai

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Daim duab ntawm Karen Mancoundly, tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov kws tshaj lij, piv txwv pej xeem. Tab sis lawv tuaj yeem raug cai sau tseg ntawm tsawg li cov lus pom zoo. Lub teeb taws teeb tau teeb tsa tshwj xeeb- Suites (LC). Nrog rau tag nrho cov duab ntawm cov chaw nyob yog suav tias yog qhov txaus yog tias 1 m2 square yog los ntawm 15 mus rau 20W lub zog ntawm incandescent qhov muag teev. Lub teeb tag nrho ntawm chav ua noj yog siab dua 75w / m2. Nws yuav tsum yog qhov kev npaj siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov zaub mov, 100W / M2, thiab hauv thaj chaw noj mov 50W / M2.

Raws li rau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws, qhov yuav tsum tau paub meej: tsis tshaj tawm hauv kev xas, cov khoom siv hlau, thiab cov khoom siv hlau siab, tsim rau lub network voltage, yog yuav tsum tau cog lus. Lub teeb nrog IP22 yog qhov tsim nyog rau saum cov ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab qhov cub, muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hmoov av thiab splashes. Rau cov neeg uas xav kom nce qib, theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv IP54 yog qhov tsim nyog. Rau lawv, Halogen Hesitus ntawm kev voltage ntawm 12v yuav yog qhov txaus siab.

Lwm tus nqi rau chav ua noj yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm lub qhov rais uas muab kev cuam tshuam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tsim qauv twb tau txiav txim siab txog qhov no. Koj tseem nyob twj ywm siv lub teeb uas koj tsis tas yuav them. Yog tias lub qhov rais chav ua noj zoo li sab qaum teb, koj tuaj yeem hnov ​​lub teeb tsis txaus ntawm ntuj. Lub teeb ntsa thiab qab nthab yuav pab tau tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm. Nws yog qhov tseeb, vim hais tias qhov kev xav ua coeffaces yog 0.7-0.85, thiab, piv txwv li, ntsuab - twb tau 0.02.

Qee tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua rau cov metrers ntxiv kaw lub qhov rai chav ua noj kom siv lwm phab ntsa lag ntseg. Cov kws tshaj lij ua qhov no tsis qhia. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso lub desktop txoj cai hauv qab ntawm lub qhov rais: thiab lub teeb yuav txaus, thiab tus hostess ua haujlwm lom zem dua. Qhov "dig muag" thaj chaw ntawm chav ua noj tej zaum thiab tom qab ntawd thaum sib koom ua ke nrog chav noj mov thiab chav nyob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov kev thauj khoom siv rau kev teeb pom kev zoo. Nws yuav tsum yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub teeb ci rau chav ua noj?

Dab tsi teeb cov khoom?

Xaiv lub teeb rau chav ua noj, ntau cov qauv nyiam nrog lumination lossis halogen qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov teeb no muab lub teeb hluav taws xob, uas cov xim xiav-xiav yog cov neeg ua ntej, cuam tshuam cov xim ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov zaub mov siav.

Cov roj fluorescent teeb tau txaus nyiam nyob rau hauv tias lawv lub zog noj yog tsib zaug txo qis, thiab lub teeb tawm yog plaub txog tsib zaug ntau dua li ntawm cov teeb meem loj heev. Yog lawm, thiab lawv ua haujlwm tsib txog yim npaug. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj ua chav-elongated nrog rau ntu hla ntawm 7 lossis 16 hli.

Halogen teeb Milsure tej yam me me, ruaj (2-6 txhiab tus tshaj tawm), muaj cov teeb pom kev zoo nrog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg (14-25 lm / w). Nrog lub zog ntawm 20W, lawv muab cov kev ua kom zoo ib yam li Incandescent Bulb los ntawm 40W. Tubular "halogens" nrog cov kauv ntev yog tsim nyog rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm. Capsule, nrog lub cev ua kom haum lub cev thiab tus kaum sab xis sib txawv ntawm txoj kev sib hloov, ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo rau kev tshem tawm hauv qab nthab.

Nikita Kulagin, Kws Kws Kawm

"Qhov kev daws teeb meem tshaj plaws - kev sib hloov taw tes ntawm lub teeb, muab tso rau ib puag ncig ntawm lub qab nthab, nws yuav pom qhov chaw ua tau zoo tshaj rau tag nrho saum npoo av. Rau cov Tib lub hom phiaj, cov fluorescent teeb nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 40W, tab sis tsuas yog nrog qhov chaw ua haujlwm nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm phab ntsa 50-60cm. Yog hais tias lub qab nthab qhov siab tso cai Lub teeb nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov txee. Lawv yuav muab cov mos mos cuam tshuam lub teeb thiab visually nce qhov siab ntawm chav.

Retro Style Cov neeg nyiam tuaj yeem qhia txog qhov intricate, yas lossis iav teeb pom kev ntawm ib qho hloov tau yooj yim. Los ntawm kev hloov nws txoj haujlwm los ntawm ntsug, lub teeb tag nrho tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv "intimate" thiab hloov ua lwm yam.

Leej twg hais tias chandelier hauv chav ua noj tsis tsim nyog? Tsuas yog qhov kev txiav txim siab no tsis yog rau chav me. Cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog chandomers nrog ob pab pawg ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo. Ib pab pawg uas qhia lub teeb rau lub teeb yuav muab teeb pom kev zoo hauv zos, thiab nce mus. Npaj lub teeb pom kev zoo hauv chav ua noj muaj cov teeb tsa txoj kev nyuaj yuav pab cog lus hloov teeb lub teeb ci rau ntawm lub busbar. Lawv yooj yim txav ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau, hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov luminous flux.

Nws yog qhov nthuav kom imitation qhov rai txiav mus rau hauv lub qab nthab. Rau cov qauv no, cov qauv uas tau ncua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pob tshab feem ntau yog siv. Los ntawm txoj kev, "qhov rai" tuaj yeem txiav los ntawm, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis tseeb nres. Cov khoom lag luam zoo li cov chaw muaj zog muaj zog, thiab tom qab ntawd kaw nrog iav. "

Chav Ua Mov "Sun"

Lub sijhawm teem tseg ntawm lub teeb dav dav hauv chav ua noj yog hloov lub teeb pom kev zoo hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Xws li lub teeb yuav tsum tau muab faib komyees tob, tawg, mos thiab tib lub sijhawm ci ci. Rau lub hom phiaj no, muaj qhov txaus nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 60-100W. Nws tsis tsim nyog tias "lub hnub qub" muaj nyob hauv cov naj npawb ntawm ob peb lub teeb tau yooj yim kom ua tiav nws cov kev faib tawm. Tus naj npawb ntawm Luminaires nyob ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab qhov loj me ntawm chav.

Cov tsoos ib txwm muaj ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav ua noj ntau LED yog suav tias yog Ancachronism. Cov kab mob pom ntawm cov kev nyiam saj cov categorical no tsis yog. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav ua haujlwm nrog cov hom phiaj ntau dua. Lub ntsiab sib cav tawm tsam yog tias xws li lub teeb npog tsuas yog nruab nrab ntawm chav ua noj, feem ntau tsis tau muaj dab tsi. Tib tus neeg ua noj yuav muab pov tseg cov duab ntxoov ntxoo nyob rau ntawm cov rooj txiav, tshwj tsis yog, qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsis nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav.

Thaum muaj kev saib xyuas ze dua, nws hloov tawm tias tag nrho cov teeb meem no tsis yog qhov nyuaj los daws tau. Piv txwv li, nrog cov duab ntxoo ntse thiab tsis xwm yeem, cov duab qab nthab heev nrog rau ntawm matte iav thiab ib lub qhov hauv qab lossis cov lus qhia ntawm lub teeb, mus rau saum qab nthab. Thiab feem ntau, qhov no tsis yog cov lus nug, hais txog uas nws tsim nyog rhuav cov hmuv. Ua ntej, vim hais tias cov LEDs muaj peev xwm muab ntau cov kev xaiv nthuav dav rau kev teeb tsa keeb kwm yav dhau los. Avo-thib ob, lub teeb ci sab saud nyob hauv chav ua noj los ntawm tsis muaj txoj kev muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.

"Teeb tsa" lub teeb hauv chav ua noj, cov kws tshaj lij ua ntej los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws yog ib chav ua noj, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov chaw rau thaum sawv ntxov khob kas fes thiab tsev neeg noj hmo. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej ntawm txhua yam, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm yog daws, tom qab ntawd noj mov, thiab lub teeb ci sab sauv tsuas yog ua kom tiav ntau yam kev ua haujlwm. Nws yog qhov ua tau kom tsis saib xyuas hauv chav ua ke nas txhua.

Lub teeb txoj kev mus rau cov kab xev

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
"La carte"

Ua tshais ntawm lub teeb taws teeb nyob rau hauv mounted sawb qhia cov chaw ua haujlwm rau lub teeb ua haujlwm ib nrab ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm zoo nkauj, ntxuav ntawm cov rooj txiav, ntxhua khaub ncaws. Hauv qhov no, qhov tsim ntawm ntxoov ntxoo yog kiag li tsis suav.

Cov kev xaiv rau kev npaj cov teeb pom kev zoo tsis yog li ntau. Qhov yooj yim thiab feem ntau txawb cov ntaub ntawv pov hwm ruaj ruaj rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov txee. Tab sis ib qho kev daws qhov zoo sib xws tsuas yog suav hais tias yog ib ntus. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom mounted, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tso cov teeb ntawm lawv qhov chaw qis. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv elongated luminescent lossis tsawg-voltage (12v) halogen teeb. Qhov ntev ntawm thawj, raws li txoj cai, yog 40-80 cm, uas sib haum rau tus qauv rau cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj. Kev cog lus, tsis daig, lawv lub teeb ncaj qha ncaj qha mus rau lub desktop.

Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog cov teeb tsa ib lub teeb uas muaj teeb tsa nyob rau saum toj no mounted tub. Mounting cov cuab yeej siv rau saum qab nthab, rov qab los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm 60cm thiab tsis txo qis lawv hauv qab ntawm ntug. Ntawm phab ntsa nws yog qhov zoo dua rau mount lub teeb ci ntawm yoog raws lossis txav mus yooj yim nkhaus, uas nws yooj yim los kho cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov luminous flux. Yog tias koj ua tsis tau cov khau khawm, cov qauv xws yog tsim nyog. Feem ntau, lawv siv cov diffuse reflets uas tiv thaiv lawv lub qhov muag ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev. Lwm lub teeb rau ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub rooj yuav tsum muab tso rau sab laug, ntawm chav kawm, yog tias koj tsis tshuav sab laug.

Cov nce toj ntawm lub xauv mounted tuaj yeem qee zaum kos lub teeb halogen ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, muab lawv tso rau chrome pas nrig. Txhawm rau ua kom pom qhov chaw ua haujlwm, ob peb lub teeb ua haujlwm nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 10Ws ntsia hauv 30-60 cm.

Rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau xaiv cov teeb uas yooj yim thiab cov duab du uas yooj yim kom muaj huv. Nws tsis muaj nqis tsis pub hnav qhov no, vim tias muaj kuab paug tuaj yeem txo qis theem ntawm kev ua kom zoo los ntawm 10-20%. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov rog, av thiab hmoov av dot teeb yog tsawg inclined mus ua ntxiv.

Yog tias thaj chaw ua haujlwm ntawm chav ua noj muaj feem xyuam rau phab ntsa, cov peev txheej ntawm kev teeb pom kev ua haujlwm tau muab tso rau saum qab nthab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub, teeb yog haum rau vongated cords nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo nrog lub teeb ci ntsa iab nrog cov teeb khov. Npaj cov qauv nrog cov teeb liab tseem siv. Tab sis lawv, raws li txoj cai, tsis txhob saib zoo nkauj heev, thiab hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus nqi ntau zaus ntawm cov khoom siv qab nthab li qub.

Ntau cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ua noj ntawm lub teeb taws ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm. Feem ntau ntawm cov rooj ua noj ua mov niaj hnub tau nruab nrog built-in backlight. Panels nrog lub teeb, lub pas dej rau kev sib txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, timer thiab hloov tau tshwj xeeb. Cov qauv tshiab tau siv cov thev naus laus zis muag muag, tso cai kom yooj yim kho qhov siv ntawm lub teeb flux. Lwm qhov tshiab-dimm muaj nuj nqi, uas koj tuaj yeem hloov lub ci ci ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, tsom nws ntawm qhov xav tau.

Niaj hnub no, tsis muaj leej twg xav tsis thoob lub hoods nruab nrog backlight. Ntawm no feem ntau yog siv me me incandescent qij los ntawm 20-40ws, elongated luminescent (9-13w) thiab halogen (ntawm 20W) teeb. Cov tom kawg, los ntawm txoj kev, muab cov qauv kim tshaj plaws. Cov chaw no muab kwv yees tib lub phaj zoo tib yam. Qee zaum lawv lub teeb tau txaus rau tag nrho cov chaw ua haujlwm.

Sab hauv Illumination ntawm chav ua noj cov tub chav ua ib txwm. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov tub rog nrog lub qhov rooj translucent, txawm hais tias nws tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus los ua kom pom qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Qee cov tuam ntxhab mus txawm ntxiv, rub tawm qhov xaus ntawm cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem yog qhov pom kev, thiab hauv qhov tsaus ntuj muab nws rau hauv daim ntawv daj, xiav lossis turquoise ci. Muaj los rau cov chav ua mov thaum hmo ntuj, koj yuav tsis tawg ntawm lub ces kaum ntse ntawm lub txee. Kev dai thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm kuj ua cov kab ke luminous, phab ntsa thiab hauv pem teb siv lossis cov tshuab fiber-optic.

Inna skhnina, kws kaud

Glazing rau saum qab nthab
Ge teeb pom kev zoo "tsim qauv thaum xaiv cov teeb txawb rau lub tsev ua noj ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, cov xim kub thiab dawb tsuas yog muaj raws li ib qho keeb ntawm décor.

Incandescent qij yog nruj nreem rau daj spectrum, yog li me ntsis distort xim. Lub teeb Pheej Yig Fluorescent teeb (LCB, LD, LD, LD, LDC) ze rau thaj chaw xiav thiab ntshav. Cov bluish txias kuj cuam tshuam cov xim. Kev hnyav dua thiab kim fluorescent los (hom ltb-tshav kub-dawb nrog cov xim kub-dawb nrog cov xim kub txog 2700k) - yog li ntawd lawv tau txais cov xim muaj me ntsis.

Lub emission spectrum ntawm lub teeb halogen yog qhov ze rau hnub ci. Lawv ci ntsa iab, huv si thiab sov lub teeb muab cov xim muaj tseeb tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm lub teeb, txawm tias cov tais luam tshaj plaws saib txaus nyiam thiab zoo nkauj qab los noj mov. "

Teeb Tsev Neeg Trapese

Tej zaum cov chaw noj mov ntawm chav ua noj ua rau txhua tus. Tom qab tag nrho, nws muab ntau qhov chaw ntau rau kev tawm dag zog thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj.

Xws li nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm, lub teeb yuav tsum muaj tusyees faib rau lub rooj noj mov tab sis npog tag nrho saum npoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm muab cov teeb liab nyob hauv lub rooj. Lossis ntau lub teeb yog tias lub rooj ntev heev. Lawv tsis tas yuav muab tso rau ntawm ib kab thiab ntawm ib qhov siab. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem muab cov yuav ntawm kev npau suav, tsis hnov ​​qab, tsis txhob poob siab, tab sis feem ntau, saum lub cim ntawm 1.2-1.4 m ntawm nws. Txwv tsis pub, mos, so teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov tseem ceeb nyob teeb pom kev zoo ntaus ua rau lub teeb pom kev yooj yim solemnly tsawg-txias.

Lub chaw pom yog qhov zoo dua rau lub teeb nrog matte lossis dawb flasks, lub zog nruab nrab, nrog lub luag haujlwm faib tawm ntawm lub teeb thiab lub ntuj spectry.

Hais txog qhov kev nplij siab, peb yuav rov qab ua lub teeb pom kev ntxiv. Nws tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov khoom txhais ua ke. Tab sis tej zaum qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog cov ntaub uas tsis tsuas yog tsuas zoo tshaj plaws dispels lub teeb, tab sis kuj tseem maj mam stains qhov chaw ib ncig.

Cov kev xaiv thaum lub rooj noj mov tau hloov mus rau phab ntsa, koom nrog kev siv cov sconce tsa siab tshaj lub rooj sab saum toj rau txog ib lub rooj. Cov txheej txheem siab tshaj plaws yog cov tseem haum, ncaj qha rau ntawm lub rooj. Fucks yog qhov tsim nyog heev, qhov siab ntawm uas yog txaus kom pom tseeb tag nrho cov countertops. Cov uas tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo nyob hauv cov chaw noj mov, lub rooj zaum tsis muaj ntsis nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb tuaj yeem pom zoo.

Kev ua lag luam muaj dab tsi?

Lavxias kev ua lag luam nthuav qhia cov teeb tsa cov teeb tsa cov chaw lag luam txawv teb chaws: Osram, Paulmann, General Electrial Teeb, General Electrial Teeb, General Electrial Teeb, Pheej Yig, Silvania IDR. Cov nroj tsuag zoo tshaj plaws tau muab los ntawm kev ua Lavxias electrolympic nroj tsuag - sarashky, kalashnikovsky, ufa, smolensk IDR. Cov khoom lag luam cov khoom tau tawg yog qhov loj heev. Cov qauv ntawm Western cov chaw tsim khoom, raws li txoj cai, hauv 8-10 hom ntau dua li cov analogs hauv tsev. Lub teeb txawb halogen ntau tshaj plaws tuaj yeem yuav ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 rubles., Txawv teb chaws, los ntawm 25 rubles. Tam sim no suav yuav raug nqi lumtension. Cov qauv thev naus laus zis feem ntau yog hais txog peb zaug kim dua.

Peb lub lag luam tau muaj teeb txawb los ntawm Suav teb, Taiwan, Poland, Turkey, UAE. Raws li txoj cai, lawv yog qis dua rau cov khoom lag luam Western cov tuam txhab thiab cov khoom zoo, thiab yog li ntawd muaj nqe tsawg - 100). Cov tuam txhab Lavxias tau muab cov khoom lag luam uas tsim nyog, suav nrog Marble, Saturn, Electropolitus, taw tes taw tes IDE. Lidad ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm Austria, Belgium, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Spain, Ltalis, USA thiab Finland. Zam Kev Cai Kev tsim cai rau cov qauv stackic yog Ltalis. Rau cov qauv ntawm Austrian, Belgian thiab German cov tuam txhab, kev tsim kho tus yam ntxwv ntau dua yog tus yam ntxwv. Nqi rau lawv cov khoom lag luam hloov pauv $ 40,000 thiab siab dua rau cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Txij li thaum lub teeb lub cev yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxuav, koj tuaj yeem yuav khoom siv ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog. Yog li, Finnish cov tuam txhab muaj kev sib tw ntawm tus nqi tshwj xeeb ntawm 600 rau 10600Rub., German Osram- los ntawm 400 rau 3100 txhuam.

Tus kws kho ntawv kho mob ua tsaug ua tsaug avant, "

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