Kutentha, kumatenthabe

Tekinoloji yomanga nyumba yomanga itatu yotentha ndi pansi panthaboti ya foloko: Zinthu zakuthupi ndi kufotokozera kwa ntchito yowiringa.

Kuchokera kudzenje, dothi silichotsedwa kwathunthu kuchokera ku chitsulo - pansi pa garaja lidasiyira zilumba. Sizinachitike kuti zisabweretsenso kutupa

Chinyezi chonyowa chomwe chimadzaza m'dzenjemo, kenako adachotsedwa ndi pampu.

Paulendo wamtsogolo, mapepala a masitepe a akatswiri amakhazikitsidwa pamakoma a maziko, ndipo ndi ndege zoposa 4m- pamatanda osakhalitsa (gawo lawo - 1.5-2m). Kotero konkritiyo sinaponyeredwe pansi pa "mabowo ake, mabowo adadzaza ndi matope

Zigawo ziwiri za zigawo zolipiritsa zolimbitsa thupi zinayika mtanda ndikumangidwa mu waya wopingasa

Dothi lalikulu lidapangidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi chipinda chapansi ndipo pafupifupi ukadaulo womwewo. Mukamaika maziko olimbikitsawo, idasungidwa pamwamba pa njerwa zachabechabe (ndizokhazikika), koma chisanachitike konkriti zomwe zidasinthidwa ndi zikhomo zodulira

Kuti mulumikizane ndi njerwa zolowa m'malo okhudzana ndi makoma amkati kuchokera ku konkriti ya chiswe, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gululi. Idayikidwa mu mzere uliwonse wamaboda (zikufanana ndi mizere itatu ya njerwa)

Popeza, ndi mawonekedwe a makoma akunja, kusanjikiza kumangirira nthawi ndi nthawi yonyamula khoma la chiuno mwamphamvu polimbikitsa masheya, ma shiti omwe ali pakati pawo amayenera kudulidwa pakati pawo. Makoma amkati a nsapato za thovu adaphatikizidwa ndi Jack, ndipo kuwonjezera pa yankho, malowa adalimbikitsidwa ndi zikhomo zachitsulo

Kumbali kwa zenera kutsegulidwa kwa polystyrene wosanjikiza, womwe uli pakati pa khoma lonyamula tsitsi ndi nkhope, limatetezedwa ndi wosanjikiza wa simenti-Sand. Pofuna kuti neponic jumper kuti mukhale "mlatho wozizira", pakati pa ngodya ya matembenuzidwe ndi majeremusi (mabatani oyang'anitsitsa) adayika wosanjikiza)

Zenera losenda mawonekedwe osazolowereka (Windows ndi gawo lachiwiri) kapena kutalika kwake. Pamwambapa ndi zipata za garaja) zidaponyedwa ndi konkriti yolimbitsa mtima. Theka ndi theka la njerwa zotuluka

Mukatsanulira pansi poyambira, ma telescopic racks amagwira ntchito zapakatikati. Ngati mumatseka simenti yamabowo pansi pa "mafunde" a akatswiri, ndiye konkriti yomwe ili pansi pa mawonekedwe ake sawerengera

Matanda omwe akuwombera pansi wachiwiri adapangidwa ndi matabwa ambiri, omwe, omwe ali ndi ndege zoposa 6m, iwo amakambalala pakona 45, umalimbitsidwa ndi ma bolts.

Maziko a dongosolo la nyumbayo anali ma boadi a 20050mm, omwe amakokedwa ndi ma bolts ndi phula la 500-800mm

Pansi pa chinyezi chosatulutsa mawu oti "yutafal d amagulitsa" ndichilengedwe chokhazikitsidwa, choyambirira ndi filimu ya polyethylene yokhala ndi microprout. Zomaliza ndi zimapereka VAPOR Vutoli

Manja a padenga lonse la nyumbayo adayala bulauni. Mukamaliza ndege yayikulu ya denga la khonde limagwiritsa ntchito mbali yoyera yoyera

Popeza kukongoletsa mkatikati kumaganiziridwa kuti ndikukhomera pamalo opangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi njerwa (njerwa, chithovu, ndi zina), ma cell a 1010mm. Idamangiriridwa moyenera ndi msomali, pa zipewa za mbale zachitsulo - zokulitsa

Mawindo apulasitiki okhala ndi chipinda cha pulasitiki awiri adayikidwa mu matchulidwe otseguka, adalumikizidwa ndi zowombera zowombera ndi makhali apadera omwe ali ndi malo ochulukirapo. Kuchokera pa pulasitiki

Nkhani yayikulu ikamaliza matendawa inali yopanda madzi plywood. Adasankhidwa kuwonekera konse, kuphatikizapo migodi ndi zipembedzo zothandizira

Masitepe okhala ndi masitepe osungira nyumba amakhala nthawi zonse amakhala odalirika kuposa chiwonetsero chamitengo.

"Mtima" wa kutentha kwa gt 216 (D Diatrich). Chithandizo chamadzi pafupi ndi zosefera

Gawo loyipitsitsa la makhoma akunja a nyumbayo, yokutidwa ndi njerwa, sizikufunika kumaliza. Kuyendetsa ndege ndi abale pansi pa mawindo adalembetsa monga chonchi: adatchingira chitsulo ndikuyenda, kenako ndikuphatikizidwa. Opaleshoni yomaliza idalipira mwapadera: chifukwa mawonekedwe ake ndi nkhope yanyumba

Konkrati konkriti lero ukukulirakulira. Pang'onopang'ono amachotsa maudindo mwazinthu zomangira zotere ngati njerwa, konkriti ndi nkhuni. Tiuza izi momwe timapangira nyumba yotentha.

Posachedwa, nthawi zambiri pomanga nyumba amakonda zolondola. Lero tikukulolani kuti mupeze ukadaulo womwe umakupatsani mwayi woti mumange otentha kuposa masiku ano. Tidzakumbutsa zina za mawonekedwe a nthongo chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake.

Pomwe nkhaniyo "imapumira"

Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatani akulu (400300250mm) kumachepetsa zovuta zomanga ndipo imathandizira pafupifupi anayi. Pankhaniyi, kachulukidwe kakang'ono kazinthu (pafupifupi 600g / 3- 3 zochepera kuposa za njerwa) zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muchepetse ndalama ndi ndalama zokhazikitsa. Mitsempha yamphamvu imatha kudulidwa, yokhazikika, yolimba, kubowola, bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti zikhale zosavuta zomanga makoma ndi gasket ya kulumikizana. Katundu wina wodabwitsa wa konkriti wa thonje - VAPOR Vomerone (kuthekera kodumphira nthunzi yamadzi, kumakhalapo mumlengalenga wokhala malo okhalamo) Kuyandikira kwa mtengowo, ndipo m'nyumba zimapangidwa kukhala zosavuta kupuma.

Kuteteza makoma kuchokera ku konkriti

Kusonkhezera sikungokhala ndi zabwino zake zokha, komanso zong'ambika - konkriti yothetsera chinyezi imatha kuyamwa chinyezi, ndipo ngati chidzazirala, mabatani amatha kugwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuteteza zakunja za makoma a makoma amlengalenga. Koma izi ziyenera kuchitika kuti musachepetse vuto la khomo.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa chitetezo chotereku kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitala yotsogola ndi gawo lotsatira la "kudzipuma" kwa "kupumira", pulasitiki kapena chitsulo) kapena gulu. Othandizira a Positier "Home yanga ndi linga langa" amakonda kumaliza kwa njerwa. Koma chilichonse chomwe chasankhidwa pakhoma ndikuyang'ana. Mukakana, Stel ikutuluka mu ma cell konkriti, Popanda kukhala ndi mwayi wotuluka, zidzayamba kufooka pamwamba pa zinthu ziwiri pakati pa zida ziwiri, ndipo ngakhale kukhoma, kuti kutentha kochepa kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa midadada. Musalole kuti wosungunuka kwambiri ya makoma othamanga mkati mwa nyumba: m'nyumba yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri (bafa kapena khitchini) kutchinga queseproof chinyezi kapena cholekanitsidwa ndi matayala a ceramic.

Osamasulira kutentha kunyumba

Chindapusa cha khoma la chithondikiro mu chipangizo chimodzi chimakhala ndi kutentha kukana r03m2c / w, komwe kumakwaniritsa zofuna zamitundu yamitundu yapakatikati pa Russia. Ngati khoma la konkriti yolumikizira imakhala ndi njerwa (ndi mpweya wabwino), ndiye kuti mtengo wake R0 ukhala pafupifupi 4m2c / w. Akak amapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yotentha? Ndikofunikira kupititsa patsogolo makhoma chithovu chokwanira cha polystyrene, atachiyika pakati pa thok konkriti ndikuyang'ana. Kukana kutentha kwa kutentha kumatha chifukwa cha 4.5-5m2c / w ndi zochulukirapo.

Eya, lotulidwa losoka pakati pa thonje konkire ndi njerwa? Kuti athe kuchita popanda izi, makina ayenera kugwira ntchito - zachilengedwe kapena zokakamiza. Ndiye nthunzi yonse yamadzi omwe imayimira ntchito zachuma za anthu, mmalo molumikizidwa mu makoma a sinkrete, adzakhala panja. Othom, monga akapolo a gululo "kalembedwe - 1" adamanga nyumba yotere, tidzandiuzanso zambiri. Njirayi idatenga pafupifupi chaka: bokosi lidapangidwa mu nthawi yotentha, kukongoletsa kwake kozizira.

Maziko akulu

Nyumba yomwe ili ndi dera lonse la 298M2 linamangidwa malinga ndi ntchito ya payekha, momwe zokhumba zonse za eni tsotso adazolowera. Kuyambira pomwe mudzi wakwako, pomwe nyumbayo idakhazikitsidwa, madzi apansi panthaka, adaganiza zokhala popanda pansi (sizikhala m'nyumba zapansi kale pozungulira tsamba lomwe linamangidwa).

Poyamba, amakumba ndi kuya kwa pafupifupi 1.7 m (pansi pamtunda wozizira). Pansipa pansi, maziko a maziko anali ochepera 350m; Anakonza mchenga (200mmm), kenako miyala (150mm) mapilo, mulingo wapamwamba womwe unali wofanana ndi pansi padzenje. Pamalo okonzedwa adayika mawonekedwe a matabwa; Chifaniziro cholimbitsa chinaikidwa mkati mwake, pomwe sinsanti inadzazidwa, ndikupeza tepi yoint ndi kutalika kwa 300mm.

Pamene konkriti ukuyaka, makoma a maziko amtsogolo kuchokera ku FBS (1500600 400mm) yokwezeka m'mabada anayi okwezeka. Anapusitsidwa kumbali zonse ziwiri ndi mastic mastic (m'magawo atatu), potero kuteteza chinyezi cha dothi. Kuchokera kumwamba, wosanjikiza madzi (hydrohoteeliisol) adagwiritsidwa ntchito, kenako ndikuyika mizere 9 ya nsapato zazitali mu njerwa ziwiri M150. Zimafunikira kuti musinthe mawonekedwe a matepi a maziko kuti apange kuchuluka kwa monolithic. Onani mizere yopangidwa ndi kumbuyo, kofunikira kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale pansi. Kupitilira apo, m'mphepete mwa riboni ya njerwa, khoma loonda la njerwa (pafupifupi makulidwe (pafupifupi 24 cm, omwe ali ofanana ndi makulidwe amtsogolo kapena pang'ono. Khoma lomangidwa liyenera kukhala lokongola, lomwe lidzasunga konkriti kuchokera kumbali potsanulira pansi. Mbali zake zidakhazikitsidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa polystyrene foam 100mmm.

Makoma a maziko ake amakwezedwa kuchokera ku FBS, kuwonjezera m'malo ogona (mwachitsanzo, pansi pa zolakwika zamtsogolo), komanso pomwe kutalika kwake sikukula ndi kutalika kwa block, njerwa. Mabataniwo adayikidwa pazenera la simenti-Sandy-Sander ndi kuvala, monga momwe amayala njerwa, ndikupatula ku chinyezi cha nthaka ndi ma emument.

Gunda pansi

Mukamapanga maziko ophatikizika ngati mawonekedwe osakanikirako, ma sheet a masitepe a akatswiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chingwe cholimbikitsidwa chinaikidwa pamwamba pawo (ndodo yokhala ndi 20mm idagwiritsidwa ntchito) ndikukweza pansi paukadaulo wa 70mm pogwiritsa ntchito ma beacons achitsulo.

Nthawi yomweyo ndi chipinda chapansi, pansi pa garaja idakonzedwa, mulingo wa 1.2 m m'munsimu. Apa, masitepe aluso sanagwiritse ntchito. Pilo yamchenga (wosanjikiza - 200mm), yomwe inalinso chisindikizo chowoneka bwino komanso chofupika, itatha, imwe zinyalala zimayikanso pamwamba pa pilo ndi dothi lofala. Pa pamaziko okonzedwa motere, maziko olimbikitsidwa adasonkhanitsidwa (malingana ndiukadaulo womwewo womwe uja momwe maziko amakulirapo). Kenako pansi pa garaja ndi kuwonongeka kwa maziko adathiridwa ndi ma c300 Brand konkriti (wosanjikiza - 220-240mm). Chikhalidwe cha boalailet boiler boiler ad amabowola mabowo oyambitsa madzi ndi mapaipi aso, komanso magetsi ozungulira.

Nyumba ya khoma

Imagwira ntchito yomanga makoma adayamba ndi njira ya simentanti ya simentansi yakumaso kwa unyinji wa anthu (amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwamphamvu kwa mbewu ya Gwala). Nthawi yomweyo, m'malo oti muwonjezere chokongoletsera chakunja (mwachitsanzo, pansi pazenera, pomwe khomalo lidasonkhanitsidwa ndi matailosi), kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa yopanda tanthauzo (yopanda chitsulo).

Popeza adapanga zofunda za 300 mm kuzungulira pamtunda, zidalipo kanthu kuchokera mkati ndi mbale za polystyrene wathambo ndikuyamba kumanga makoma amkati ndi makhoma akhungu. Mizere isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse ya njerwa za nkhope, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mabulosi awiri a nkhosa, malo otsekemera adalumikizidwa ndi khoma lazovala lokhotakhota ndi gululi lopanga chitsulo (kotero kuti lidadulidwa). Mkati mwa polojekiti yayikulu yomwe yafotokozedwayo, zomangamanga zonse zinali zolumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake m'mizere iliyonse ya chikho. Mabatani owolodwa a thovu adalandidwa ndikuwona chida chonsecho.

Ngongole zamtsogolo (migodi) yopumira, yomwe ili mbali ya makhoma amkati, yoikidwa kuchokera ku njerwa, pomwe pamanjani opangidwa kudzera m'mayendedwe ofukula. Makoma owotchera ngongole a mgodiyo adalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zolumikizidwa pakati pa njerwa. Onse, migodi itatu inaperekedwa mnyumbamo.

Popanga zotseguka zenera, zoyang'anizana ndi njerwa zomwe zili mbali zake zidayikidwa kuti zitheke potseguka, ndikupanga zotupa zomwe zimatsetsereka pakati pa zenera ndi khoma. Zenera ndi chitseko ogona amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo. Ma currete okhazikika ndi mtanda wa 220120mm adayika awiriawiri. Pakati pawo, komanso pakati pa jumper wakunja ndikuyang'anizana ndi njerwa (imathandizidwa pamwamba pa zenera kutseguka, zokutira za nyemba, zokutidwa ndi utoto-kenti yamatumbo) idayikidwa thonje la polystyrene. Pamene chida chambiri pamwamba pa zitseko zamkati pakati pa mitengoyo mulinso ndi chithovu cha polystyrene (pankhaniyi, chinali chomveka).

Kusungunuka kwa zosasinthika kapena kuchitika kunachitika pamalo olimbikitsira kotsimikizika. Popanga mawindo oterera, zingwe zowonetsera zopindika zopindika (njerwa zidaziyika pamitengo yokonzedweratu). Awa amasokonezedwanso ndi polystyrene.

Nthawi zambiri, makoma akachokera ku matumba a thovu amapangidwa, pakati pawo pakati ndi zapamwamba tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera malamba a konkriti omwe amawonjezera luso lanyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, lamba pamtunda wapakhodi ndi wofunikira chifukwa ma slabs okwanira sayenera kuyikiridwa mwachindunji pamabadabu azotsindika. Zikatero, ma conrete a conrete alumikizane ndi kukana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amafunikira makamaka pamene ochulukirapo amachitidwa kuchokera ku mbale zopangidwa ndi zokonzeka. Panalinso pakati monolithic kuchuluka, chifukwa cha lamba uja unapangidwa pansi pa khoma, koma osati konkriti, koma njerwa.

Zambiri za ma realups

Pafupifupi ukadaulo womwewo ndi wapansi, adapanga pansi poyambira: amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osakanikirako kuchokera pansi paukadaulo, mawonekedwe a njerwa .D. Kusiyana kokha pakati pa njerwa za njerwa kunabweretsa pasadakhale pamwamba pa kuchuluka kwa zokutira, kenako ndikuwonjezeranso pansi yachiwiri. Mwakuti mayendedwe samasefukira ndi konkriti, adatseka mpaka chithovu cha polystyrene, ndipo adaphimba chiwombacho pamwamba.

Konkretiyo idapeza mphamvu, idapitilira kuyika kwa makoma a pansi lachiwiri, adamangidwa mwanjira yomweyo njira yomweyo ngati makoma a oyamba. Pofuna kukwera kwa Maurolat (gawo la anthu 150150m) pamwamba pa khoma lakunja la garaja, komanso m'mbali zonse za khoma la nyumba yokha mu ndodo zachitsulo zokhala ndi zojambula.

Mavuto Olimbitsa Thupi

Migodi iwiri ya mpweya wabwino kwambiri yomwe imachitidwa kuchokera ku njerwa. Pankhaniyi, makulidwe amtunduwu anali pafupifupi 380 mm, yomwe idapitilira gawo lolingana la makoma a makoma a makoma a makoma a thovu (300 mm). Zowona kuti migodi imatuluka khoma, eni ake sanafune konse, ndipo adanenetsa kuti makulidwe anali ofanana. Kuyesa kudula "kutanthauza" kunavekedwa korona kokha pa umodzi wa migodi iwiri. Chachiwiri chinayenera kusokonekera kwathunthu, kenako nkugona kachiwiri, koma kale kuchokera kutalika kwa njerwa.

Ngodi yachitatu, yovuta kwambiri, inali inkayeneranso kukonzanso njerwa zodzala ndi njerwa. Kuphatikiza pa zitatu zamimbanov, mpweya kuchokera kuchipinda cha booler ndi garaja (zipinda ziwirizi zimagwira njira imodzi), chipinda chapansi chachiwiri, panali ma chimfinela ndi boiler. Ma VBA osuta a Voba akadali pateji yomanga migodi yopanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Njira zakunja za migodi zonse zitatu zakhazikitsa mapaipi apulasitiki ndi mainchesi a 110-160mm. Mphamvu yawo yosalala yamkati imapangitsa kuchepa kwakanthawi kochepa ndipo kumalepheretsa fumbi.

Kuti muchotse chizindikiro cha migodi yayikulu mpweya (pali atatu mnyumbamo, ndipo mu ngalande iliyonse) adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi a Searker PVC. Chifukwa cha kutaya kwawo, kuphatikizidwa kwambiri kumapangidwa mosavuta ndi chidindo. Mapaipi akuluakulu amasambitsa mawonekedwe a nyumbayo, motero anali okongoletsedwa, kuwoneka ndi matayala a ceramic, kuphatikiza utoto ndi matailosi pamunsi ndi mawonekedwe.

Pamwamba pa Rafters, Opendekera

Maeelalat adayikidwa pamakoma ndikuchitchinjiriza ndi zida zachitsulo zanyumba ndi zojambula ndi mtedza ndi masher. Zizindikiro zazikulu popanga dongosolo la rafter zidakhala ngati bolodi yodula ndi gawo la 20050mm. Poyamba, adakonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito matailosi osinthika ngati denga lake, koma pomanga eni ake adapempha kuti alowe m'malo mwa ma taile ake achilengedwe.

Kukwaniritsa zofuna izi, wopangayu adayeneranso kukumbukira magawo a rafter dongosolo ndikulimbitsa mapangidwe ake (kulemera kwa matayala achilengedwe ndi akulu kwambiri). Zotsatira zake idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabodi ofanana a 20050mm, koma adaphatikizidwa (mabungwe onse a raft, omwe amapitilira 1.5m), yokokedwa ndi screseds- 500-800mm). Sitepe yolumikizidwa - 600mm. Zowona kuti miyendo yopukutira imapangidwa ndi mabodi azaka zapamwamba ali ndi mwayi wowoneka ngati ma spans akuluakulu omwe mungawagawike kutalika. Kuchulukitsa kwam'matabwa kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa omwewo. Ma boloni odulidwa adayikidwa pamwamba ndi pansi kwa iwo, m'malo omwe michere ya mchere (Russia) idayikidwa m'malo omwe ali ndi malingaliro omveka.

Mizere ya garaja ndiyosavuta, ngati denga lake limodzi. Mapeto ake a rafter amakhazikika pa bar, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi khoma la nyumbayo ndi nangula amabisala, yachiwiri mpaka Mauerlat, atagona khoma la garaja. Zinthu zonse za khwangwala komanso kuwomberabe pansi pano zimathandizidwa ndi flamemetion kapangidwe kake.

Padenga lomangidwa

Kuchokera mkati mpaka kumapazi kwamiyendo yolumikizidwa ndi yuniti "youthef quible" (zingwe zowala), ndi chinyezi chokhazikika, koma chinyezi chikuunikira -Kupangitsa zinthu zopanda pake "yutafol kunaikidwa pamwamba pawo w kumagulitsa" (juta). Ndi a Korowola, adakanikizidwa kudzera pa cholumikizira (gawo lokhala la 5030mm, lomwe limatsimikizira kukula kwa mizere yopumira), ndipo yomwe imatsimikizira kukula kwa mizere yopumira idamenyedwa ndi gawo lolingana ndi 5040mm) yolingana ndi kukula kwake za matayala.

Matayala achilengedwe a Braas (Russia) adakokedwa padenga pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe pabwalo kuchokera m'bwatomo m'bwatomo ndi ziphuphu zinagona. Musanafike kuyika kwake, othamanga pamakina othirira madzi, komanso zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale miyala yamtengo wapatali, inayikidwa m'denga la padenga.

Kukhazikitsa kunayamba ndi kuyika pakati pa mzere wa mzere umodzi, kuchokera pa skem kupita pa skate. Anayang'ana mosamala ngakhale kuti, "kukankha" kwa iye kuchokera kwa iye, kuyambira pamunsi mpaka pamwamba. Chilichonse cha matailosi chimamangiriridwa mchipinda chofunkha (chifukwa cha izi, pali mabowo apadera kumtunda kwake, komwe kumakhudza "Lunk"). Nthawi yomweyo otsekeka chipale chofewa-chipale chofewa ndi olekanitsidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Mitengo ya padenga idatengedwayi, adayika zinthu zabwino (skate idr). Mukamaliza kuyika kwa zinthu zofowoka, makina osungirako apulasitiki apulasitiki analimbikitsidwa.

Kukhazikitsa kwa matailosi kunayamba ndi mizere imodzi, kuchokera ku kumira pansi pa skate, kenako nkuyamba kuyika zingwe zopingasa (kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba). Mabatani a zinthu zamadzi ndi zitsulo zokhazikitsidwa pasadakhale.

Cozy Mansard

Panthawi yomanga, intucc adaganiza zosandulika m'chipinda champhamvu (ndichifukwa chake rafter stafter idasinthidwa, osati yotanuma). Zinali ndi zida zotsatila: Kuchulukitsa, kakwama kakang'ono ka madzi kambiri kanagwiritsidwa ntchito kupitirira. Analekanitsidwa ndi denga, kuchirikiza mizati, kukwera m'gulu lawo ndipo anapukutidwa bwino, ndipo ma slidet pamalumikizidwe a mapepala. Kenako lamalite idayikidwa pansi (pansi pa gawo lapansi), makhoma adasindikizidwa. Idakhala chipinda choyera komanso chopatsa thanzi momwe mungapangire masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena chipinda cha billi. Zovuta zokhazokha sizopanda zenera imodzi, ndipo muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi owunikira. Komabe, ngati eni akewo asankha kuti ndikofunikira, m'masiku angapo, mazenera oboola adzawonekera pa skates. Kukhazikitsa padenga lomalizidwa silovuta.

Moyo Wothandizira Nyumba

Madzi amapereka Nyumba yamadzi am'mudzi wa kanyumba kanyumba kanyumba. Mwala wapamwamba komanso wokhala nawo. Kupita kwa mafuta kupita kunyumba yakunja. Inakwaniritsidwa ndi antchito obbligaz mogwirizana ndi zofuna zachitetezo. Mukayika chingwe cholumikizira, waya wa manambala mu katatu. Adayikidwa m'magawo osemedwa m'makoma amkati, chisanachitike mu chitoliro cha pulasitiki. Madzi ozizira ndi ozizira, komanso kuthiratu, kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi a ratithial flux (Rehau, Germany) kuchokera pamtanda wa Pero-Xide of Polyethylene.

Nyumbayo imawotcha gt 216 wobowoleza wa 64-78 kw ya DE Diecrich (France), akuwongolera kutentha kwa a Kerti Par Viariars omwe adakhazikitsidwa mchipinda). Madzi otentha ndi nkhawa ya 250-litr boler. Panali dongosolo loyeretsa madzi abwino.

Patulani nyumbayo kunja

Mchenga, kenako piritsi la konkriti, wosanjikiza, wolimbikitsidwa ndi mseu, pamwamba pomwe njira yoyendetsera malo, pomwe magalimoto sakuwoneka okwera mtengo. Komabe, eni ake omwe amakonda kusankha izi - zaka zikubwerazi, kukonzanso sikufunikira kumaliza kwa gawo lotseguka, lomwe polojekiti iyenera kuzunzidwa kumbuyo kwa nyumbayo. Koma pantchitoyo, eni ake sanakonde malowa a terrace, kuti alowemo kokha kudzera munthaka yakuda. Chifukwa chake, adaganiza zokulitsa, kotero kuti adakweza nyumbayo kumanzere, ndipo nawonso angakhale m'gulu loyambira patsamba lakutsogolo kwa nyumbayo (malowa ali ndi matabwa ang'onoang'ono pamwamba pa nthaka kwa 1m, koma imatembenukira ku nkhope yoyang'ana pansi.

Kuti apange khoma losungika la terrace, kapangidwe kake kamene kakhathamangitsidwa konkriti kunagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa mtsogolo mtsogolo kunaswa machira ndi kuya ndi kukula kwa pafupifupi 30 cm; M'masiku ake, mothandizidwa ndi buku la nkhonya, kupanga mabowo pansi pa milu. M'matanthwe, mawonekedwe a matabwa adayikidwa, momwe zinthu zidali zolimbikitsira khoma ndi milu zidayikidwa ndikuthiridwa konkire. Concete atapeza mphamvu zonse, kusenda pakati pa khoma la nyumba ndi nthaka yomangidwa idakutidwa ndi khoma la konkriti ndikuyika bwino. Nyali idayikidwa pansi, kenako miyala yamiyala ndi wosanjikiza (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe (makulidwe), 8-10 cm), akulimbikitsidwa ndi mseu, adalimbikitsidwa pamwamba pawo. Pambuyo pake pa konkriti adathira mchenga wokhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 1 masentimita kuti agwirizane pansi ndikuchotsa ma concerati.

Pafupifupi ukadaulo womwewo udamangidwa ndipo msewu woyendetsera nyumbayo ndi garaja. Kenako kuthira konkriti ndipo tsamba lomwe lili kutsogolo kwa nyumba zanyumba limakonda kwambiri mphamvu (molondola, "zotuwa") zopangidwa.

Tsopano za kunja kwa nyumba yokha: ndi mwachidule. Akhungu pansi pa mawindo, komanso pansi pa nyumbayo, otetezedwa ndi mauna achitsulo ndikugwedeza pamwamba. Kenako anali okutidwa ndi matayala a ceramic, osankhidwa ndi mawonekedwe a njira za masitepe a masitepe. Zowonjezera za padenga pamtengo wamatanda adayikidwa ndi pulasitiki.

Pangani mkati

Mukapatulidwa pamalo oyandikana ndi mawewa, ma beacon achitsulo adayikidwa patali kuchokera m'mphepete, komanso m'mbali mwa njira yodulira matabwa odulira. Wosanjikiza pulasitala wopangidwa ndi masitepe osalala osalala opangidwa pamasamba omwe amawotcha. Panthawi yomanga, idakhazikitsidwa masitepe osakhalitsa, omwe kumapeto kumene adalowa m'malo mwa chizolowezi chopangidwa kuchokera ku nkhuni zofiira - amaphatikizidwa bwino ndi zitseko zapakhomo. Chimadzichokha chinali chopakidwa utoto utoto wa nyundo (United Kingdom).

Kukongoletsa mkati mwa malo ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta. Makomawo anali ogwirizana, atapangapondapondana ndi thandizo la mawilo okhala ndi mauna achitsulo okhala ndi mauna achitsulo ndi dowel, kenako ndikukuta ndi pepala. Madenga adapangidwa kuti nyalime, ndikusunga konkriti yokhazikika mwachindunji kudzera pakaling. Kutsegulidwa zenera kumapangitsa malo otsetsereka.

Pansi pake, okwera pa monolithic adathira chomangira konkire, kenako mapenga omaliza. Simenti idasindikizidwa (yogwiritsidwa ntchito choyambirira cha ntchito zamkati), pambuyo pake mapepala amphamvu a madzi am'madzi adazikizidwa ndipo adawathandizanso kuti ayandikire zodzikongoletsera. Gawo lolimba la polyethylene lidayikidwa pa Perneder, lomwe lidayikidwa pa tarkett bolodi (Sweden). Nyumbayo idakhala yotentha kwambiri, ndipo ndikufuna ndikuyembekeza kuti eni omwe akuwathamangitsa ndi chikondi chotere amakhala omasuka komanso omasuka pano. Ngati lingaliro lakumanga nyumba yomanga yapamwamba kwambiri idauzira owerenga athu, ndiye kuti sitinachitepo kanthu pamutu wosangalatsa uyu.

Kuwerengera kokulirapo kwa mtengo wake * Kupanga nyumbayo ndi malo onse a 298M2 ofanana ndi omwe aperekedwa

Dzina la Ntchito	Chiwerengero cha	Mtengo, pakani.	Mtengo, pakani.
Ntchito Zakhazikitsidwa
Matanda, chitukuko ndi chovala	210m3	500.	105,000
Chida cha mchenga, zinyalala	60m3	220.	13 200.
Chida Choyambitsa	87m3	1620.	140 940.
Chipangizo chosungira makoma a njerwa (maziko)	25m3	1650.	250 250.
Chida Chall Plate Chotsimikizika Concete (garaja)	8m3	2200.	1700.
Zopingasa zopingasa komanso zofananira	330m2.	112.	360.
Kuyendetsa magalimoto a dothi	190m3	520.	98 800.
Sinthani zatsopano, tsamba lokonzekera	20m3	-	6300.
Ntchito Zina	konza	-	16 200.
Zonse	4762250.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Mwala wosweka mwala, mchenga	60m3	950.	50,000
Konkriti	8m3	3100.	2400.
Konkriti, dongo wamba njerwa	112M3.	-	257 600.
Makoma One	19m3.	1490.	280.
Hydrosteclozol, tuminguous mastic	330m2.	-	36 300.
Zitchi, zopanga ziphato ndi zina	konza	-	29,700
Zonse	433710.
Makoma, magawo, onjezerani, padenga
Ntchito yokonzekera, kukhazikitsa nkhalango	konza	-	7900.
Kugona kwa makoma akunja kuchokera kumabada	78m3	980.	76 440.
Kukumana ndi Makoma a Pack	130m2.	320.	41 600.
Zipangizo zamagawo olimbikitsa njerwa	110m2.	270.	29,700
Chipangizo cha monolithic ndi precast apleper	7m3	2200.	1500.
Malonda a chipangizo cholumikizidwa konkriti	68M3	2340.	159.
Kusonkhanitsa zinthu zogona ndi chida	190m2.	740.	140 600.
Kutulutsa makoma ndi kuwononga mphamvu	610m2.	54.	3240.
Hydro, Chida cha Vorizolaty	610m2.	81.	410.
Makina ndi madongosolo	190m2.	-	98 900.
Kukhazikitsa zenera ndi chitseko	30m2	-	2800.
Ntchito Zina	konza	-	89,000
Zonse	729410.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Block kuchokera ku konkriti yam'manja	78m3	2025.	157 950.
Konkriti	75m3.	3100.	232 500.
Njerwa yomanga ya cera	5.6 ma PC chikwi.	5900.	33 040.
Mafuta a Njerwa	6.6 ma PC chikwi.	9800.	64 680.
Makoma One	23,5m3	1800.	300 300.
Kubwereka kwa chitsulo, chitsulo cha steel	konza	-	37 000
Sawn matabwa	174	4500.	76 500.
Paro-, mphepo-, mafilimu a hydraulic	610m2.	-	2250.
Zotchinga zachinyengo.	610m2.	-	85 400.
Ceramic mataile, zinthu zakale	190m2.	-	179 800.
Kutaya dongosolo	konza	-	18 200.
Zenera limakhala ndi Windows yofiyira kawiri	konza	-	178 200.
Zipangizo Zina	konza	-	103,000
Zonse	1231110.
* -Chontacts opangidwa pamlingo wazomangamanga zomangamanga moskva osatengera ma coeal

Bolo la Erdirial Zikomo kampani yokonzekera kalembedwe kamene kalembedwe, komanso yomanga y. Skorovthodov kuti ithandizire pakukonzekera nkhaniyo.

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