Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha isakhiwo esisebenza kahle esibonelweni sokwakhiwa kwendlu enezitezi ezimbili ngendawo ephelele ka-256 m2
Umuntu ngamunye azokwakha indlu yezwe efuna lokhu kuhlala kudla amandla amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka - sekuvele kungabikwa, futhi minyaka yonke kuzobiza kakhulu. Sizotshela ukuthi eminyakeni emibili edlule imizamo yenziwa ukwakha amandla okusebenza kahle, okungukuthi, okuzosebenza kuyo ukusebenza, indlu ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Kepha uma eYurophu nase-United States bekulokhu kudala imibono yokuba yimibono eminingi yokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezisebenza kahle, khona-ke kulezi zindlela zokuqala ezifundeni ezihlukene, njengengxenye yomkhuhlane omkhulu Ukuhlola, kwakhiwa izakhiwo zokuhlala zokugcina. Kepha iyunithi eliningi kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kusetshenziswe kabanzi imigomo yokulondolozwa kwamandla ekwakhiweni kwangasese, ngenkathi kungekho nkulumo. Noma kunjalo, amakhaya asebenza kahle emandleni ethu eBaba lethu asevele evele. Esihlokweni esishicilelwe, sizotshela indlela inkampani ye-Abs-Strey (Russia) ngonyaka ka-2008-2009. Njengoba wakha indlu enjalo. Kepha okokuqala ake sikutholele neminye imiqondo ekhona kule ndawo.
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1-3. Iphaneli ye-3D (1) iqukethe ama-mesh armofamocas amabili ahlelwe ngokufana, axhumene nezinduku eziguqukayo ze-diagonal, angena ekhoneni lePolystyrene Panel, okuyi-capita ngayinye. Ngenxa yalomklamo, iphaneli yodonga inamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina. Uma udinga ukusika umklamo ngosayizi othile ukwenza ukuvulwa noma into etholwayo ye-facade, isetshenziswa kanjena: Okokuqala, i-mesh (2, 3) inqunywe ngamabombo anamandla noma ukugaya ezinhlangothini zombili, bese kuthi umnyombo we-knam ojwayelekile.
IMISEBENZI YOKUZIPHATHA
Igama elithi "amandla asebenza kahle" lavela ngemuva kwezinkinga zamandla ama-70s. Ikhulu le-GHX, lapho izimiso zokushisa - ezilondolozwe zokushisa zezakhiwo zokwakha zanda ngezikhathi ezingama-2-3.5 phesheya kwezikhathi ezithile. Lezi zindlela zacolisiswa futhi ziqiniswe ngokwengeziwe, ngenxa yokuthi yimaphi amagama amabili amasha avela: amakhaya aphansi (DNE) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi okuphansi (DO). Ukusetshenziswa kokushisa konyaka kokuqala kwalokhu (DNE) kungama-30-70 kw x h h / m3, okwesibili (ngenxa) - 15-30 kw x h / m3.
Ikhaya elisebenzayo (kusuka english. Indlu esebenzayo) iyinyunyana yekhaya elingenangqondo futhi elihlakaniphile. Ngenxa yalokhu, akagcini nje ngokuchitha amandla amancane, kepha futhi ulahla futhi unenani elingabalulekanga elikudlayo. Into esemqoka, ngisho nale volume ephansi yokwakha okusebenzayo ngangokunokwenzeka iziqiniseko, usebenzisa amandla elanga, umoya, ukushisa komhlaba it.d. Izindlu ezisebenzayo sezivele zakhiwe emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kwathi ngoSepthemba 2010. Isakhiwo sokuqala sabekwa eRussia. Umagazini wethu nakanjani uzotshela ukuthi kuzokwakhiwa kanjani.
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4-6. Amaphaneli anocingo olunamathiselwe ekukhishweni kokuqiniswa, kusengaphambili okusungulwe esisekelweni (4). Amalunga ama-Longitudinal amaphaneli avinjelwe ngamagridi wokuxhuma aqondile (5). Ukusuka phezulu, ukuvuleka ezinhlangothini zombili kwaqiniswa izinduku zokuqinisa, emakhoneni egridi naku-grid enobumba (6).
7. Amalunga ekhoneni lamaphaneli zombili nge-yangaphandle nangaphakathi, aqiniswe ngezinduku eziqinisa mpo, bese emboza amalunga agobekile ezingxenyeni ezilungile zegridi, zivikele ngocingo.
Ukuthuthunxa, mayelana nomqondo we- "Green Building" (kusuka esiNgisini. Isakhiwo esiluhlaza). Lokhu akulona nje igama lomqondo wokwakha nokusebenza kwezindlu ezisebenza ngamandla, okuhlose ukunciphisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla nezinsizakusebenza ezibonakalayo ngenkathi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezakhiwo nenduduzo yazo. Le yifilosofi ephelele esuselwa emcabangweni wokugcina izinsiza zemvelo ngisho nakule ndawo, okubhekwa yimvelo yezizukulwane ezizayo (imininingwane eminingi ngama-ekodoms, bheka i-IVD ", 2010 , N 3).
Umqondo womqondo umi kanjena. I-Green House isebenza kahle ngamandla, kwezomnotho ekusebenzeni nasendaweni yezemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwamandla okungenani kungu-25% ngaphansi kwe-25% kunalokho okwejwayelekile, futhi ukuze kufezeke lokhu, ngesikhathi sokwakha kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinto ezingenakukhipha izinto eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwendlu, noma ngemuva kokudiliza . Kuyinto efiselekayo futhi ukuthi ingaphinde isetshenziswe. Isimo sezomnotho maqondana nezinsizakusebenza zemvelo sithatha futhi sinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amsulwa, lapho ukuhlanza okusebenzayo nokusetshenziswa kwesibili (ukugeza, ukugeza phansi, isitshalo sokunisela, njll.) Kuhlelwe amanzi emvula nemvula. Ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza kufanele kwakhiwe, kucatshangelwe ubuciko besimo sezulu sendawo, amasiko namasiko abantu futhi kuvumelana nokubukeka komhlaba. Futhi manje, lapho sisebenzelana nesigama sokwakhiwa kahle kwamandla, sizoqhubeka nokuzijwayeza.
Wawuyini umqondo?
Umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo weNdlu uyasebenza impela. Unqume ukuthi indawo yakhe yokuhlala kufanele adle amandla amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, azonciphisa izindleko zokusebenza, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abuyele eziningi zezimali ezichithwe ekwakhiweni kwendlu. Yenza okucatshangwa waqoqana ngokusebenzisa izindlela zanamuhla zokwakha.
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8-10. Lapho ubhebhana isikhala esikhulu phezu kwekamelo lokuhlala, kanye nasensimini yasebusika, lapho behlele ukusebenzisa i-panoramic glazing, izakhiwo ezisuselwa kuphaneli zephaneli zaqiniswa yikholomu kakhonkolo. Benziwa ngokuqondile ngezindlela eziningi. Amakholomu esigaba esincane (8, 9) esenziwe ngokhonkolo we-M300 monolithic esebenzisa ifodo elisuswayo elisuswayo. Ikholomu (okwenziwe ngomdwebo) (10) (10) yenziwa kusuka kumaphaneli we-3D futhi ngokunqamula okulandelayo kwahlanganiswa ngokhonkolo. Amakholomu enziwe kanye nemishayo etholakala phakathi kwezitofu ze-3D yakha ifreyimu yamandla endawo yendlu.
Ochwepheshe bale nkampani, akuyala ukuthi kusetshenziswe lolu hlelo, bathola ikhambi elilandelayo: bakha izindonga nokuqoqa amaphaneli abizwa ngawo-3D ngendlela yokuhlukumeza ungqimba lukakhonkolo, ukudala Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kakhulu, kepha okufudumele kwesakhiwo, bese kufakwa izindonga ngaphandle kokhonkolo wegwebu. Izibalo ezishisayo zibonisa ukuthi udonga oluqukethe ungqimba lwe-fomer lwe-polystyrerererererererererererererent ezinhlangothini zombili ngekhonkolo engu-50-60mm obukhulu futhi ngokungeziwe kufakwe ukumelana nokushisa okuncishisiwe (i-RO) ku-4.1m2 x C / w , yiziphi izidingo ze-Overlaps SNIP 23-02-2003 "Ukuvikelwa okushisayo kwezakhiwo" nge-Middle strip yaseRussia. Inkomba yokuncishiswa komsindo womoya kuzoba ngu-60DB. Umnikazi wezibalo ezinjalo waneliseke impela.
Isisusa
Ukuqala indaba ngesisekelo, siyaphawula ukuthi indawo yokwakha yayisekupheleni komzana, futhi amanzi ayegeleza kuwo emthambekeni wemvelo cishe kuwo wonke ama- "plotes omhlaba" ngaphezulu. Ngisho nemvula encane yaphenduka le nsimu exhasheni langempela. Ukuqonda ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwakha kulesi sakhiwo esinjalo, ikhasimende lanquma ukwandisa izinga lomhlabathi cishe 1m.
Inhlabathi yalala, yachotshozwa - kubonakala sengathi, yayomile. Kepha lapho nje beqala ukumba umsele wokuqala ngaphansi kwephuzu elifipheleli lesithelo, lagcwaliswa ngamanzi. Kwacaca ukuthi kusukela engaphansi nangaphansi kwesisekelo esiyimbamboni kuyokwenqaba. Kodwa-ke, kunqunywe ngokushesha kunokukufaka esikhundleni. Simise imithombo ngokujula ngaphansi kwephuzu elingaphansi kwamanzi futhi, sibeka ifreyimu eqinisiwe kuyo, saphosa amaphilisi ngesilinganiso esingu-250mm. I-Piles ibophezele umdwebo we-monolithic futhi yamboza isikhala phakathi "kwesihlabathi" sayo ". I-subcrate ekhonkolo yathululelwa phezu kwesihlabathi, eyabekwa ngongqimba lokufaka amanzi, bese amapuleti e-polystyrenerere foam eyi-100mm. Babembozwe ngolunye ungqimba lwamanzi, ngaphezulu kwakha ifreyimu yokuqinisa, bese bephonsa isigaxa sikakhonkolo se-monolithic ngobukhulu be-120mm.
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11-15. Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa izindonga zesitezi sokuqala, kwabekwa amaphaneli we-3D wokunqamula kubo. Ukugwema ukuvela kwabo enqubweni yokusebenzisa ukhonkolo, ama-backups wesikhashana aqondile (11). Amaphaneli ezinhlangothini zombili aqiniswa yinombolo edingekayo yezinduku zokuqinisa, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa umthwalo ekuqedeni (12). Empheni wamaphaneli esinyathelweni se-250 mm, ukuqiniswa kwamamodeli kwafakwa futhi kuqiniswe ngokuqiniswa kwawo okude. Ngemuva kwalezi zinkomba, kulezi zindawo, kuqiniswe imishayo ekhonkolo yokuqothula nokulala ezindongeni zesitezi sokuqala sebhande, okuzoba yingxenye yohlaka lwe-monolithic. Amabakaki, izinduku kanye ne-mesh amaphaneli we-3D kuma-protorions wokuhlobisa (13-15).
16-19. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa komhlangano wezindonga nokuqothula phansi izitezi zokuqala phakathi kwamapuleti e-polystyrene kanye negridi yokuqinisa, amapayipi okufudumeza kwamanzi nezinhlelo (16, 17) kanye nama-electlectocabels (18). Ukuze wenze lokhu, ePolystyrere Foam enezinwele zezinwele ezenziwe ngama-grooves-ezijulayo. Ukuze amanzi ashisayo emapayipi alele epuletini eyisisekelo awakapholile, ungqimba we-polystyrerererererererererere (19) wathonywa. Kamuva la mapayipi afihle i-concrete screed.
Inketho etholakele ifanelana kahle kubuchwepheshe obakheweyo bokwakhiwa kwezindonga. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngokuqinisa amaphaneli we-3D, ukuqiniswa kokufakelwa kusuka kusisekelo (ubukhulu-10mm, isinyathelo-500mm) kuyadingeka, futhi "amapuleti" ezindongeni kufanele ahlangane ngakolunye uhlangothi - ngaphakathi. Lezi zingqinamba zenzelwe ukuvikela ukuthunyelwa kwamaphaneli akhuphukile ngokuqondile nangokuqondile. Badalwe ngendlela elula, babeka izinduku zokuqinisa ukuqiniswa kukhonkolo namanje hhayi eqandisiwe kakhonkolo ipuleti ye-monolithic.
Isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwezindonga
Isisekelo sobuchwepheshe bokwakha wale ndlu ukusetshenziswa kwamaphaneli we-3D, ukwakheka kwako okukhonjiswa ngemininingwane esithombeni. Ukuskenwa kwengeza kuphela ukuthi ubukhulu bamapuleti asetshenzisiwe e-polystyrene asetshenziselwa izindonga zangaphandle ngu-120 mm, ngezindonga ezivunayo zangaphakathi kanye nokubheqeka, 100mm. Inani labahlukanisi abasukela kuma-PC / M2 angu-100 (amaphaneli odonga) afinyelela kuma-200 ama-PC / M2 (amaphaneli we-sclelap). Iqiniso lokuthi izinduku zifakwe kugridi emangele, hhayi kuphela ukunikeza ukuqina kwendawo, kepha futhi akuvumeli ukuguqula umnyombo.
Izigceme ezisetshenziselwa izindonga ezivuthayo, igridi yokuqinisa iyokuvela emgogodleni we-19mm, ekuhlukaniseni-16mm. Isisindo sephaneli esinobude be-3M no-1.2m ububanzi ngeplate of polystyrere Foam 120mm ubukhulu bangamakhilomitha angama-27 kuphela. Ikuvumela ukuthi ukwenze lapho ufaka ngaphandle kwemishini yokwakha esindayo (ukuthola imininingwane engaphezulu, u-2009, N2).
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20-21. Ngokubhoboza owomile (20), ukuhlanganiswa komile (ama-filler wesihlabathi, usimende, izithasiselo eziyimpuphu) zilayishwe zifakwe ku-hopper ekhethekile ye-hopper (21). Ngakho-ke i-hose ngendiza ecindezelwe yondli ku-nozzle. Izinto ze-nozzle yomndeni zihlanganiswa namanzi futhi zikuthanda ukugeleza komoya ku-substrate.
22-23. Ukushaya nge-substrate (22), inhlanganisela ekhonkolo ihlanganiswa kakhulu, kepha ingxenye yayo (kuze kufike ku-25%) ibabaza phansi bese iwa phansi. Ubukhulu besendlalelo obusetshenziselwe umjikelezo owodwa ngu-40-60mm (23). Lapho uhlela izindonga zesitezi sesibili, zonke izinqubo ezichazwe ngaphambilini ziphindwa ngokuphelele.
Buyisela izindonga ezivela kumaphaneli we-3D kwaqala ngenye yamakhona, eyasiza ngokushesha ukuqinisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo. Amaphaneli alethwa ndawonye futhi akhishwe ngokuqinisa i-knitting wire. Ikona elifushane lalinamathela kancane kancane kumaphaneli amasha, kufaka phakathi lawo anqunywe ngaphambi kokuvuleka. Ukwakha ifreyimu eqinile ye-mesh eqinile, wonke amalunga amaphaneli asebenzisa ucingo oluhlanganisiwe, avinjelwe ngokuxhuma amagridi, futhi, uma kunesidingo, uma kunesidingo, uma kunesidingo. Lapho-ke abakhi baqala ukwakha ukweqisa (le nqubo itholwe ngokuningiliziwe esithombeni).
"Shell" kusuka kukhonkolo
Togotraging (kusuka Lat. I-Tectium- "Plaster" kanye ne-concretus- "Ihlanganisiwe") - Indlela yomsebenzi kakhonkolo, lapho ingxubevange ekhonkolo yesihlabathi, lapho ingxubevange ukhonkolo-ukhonkolo isezingcindezi zokhonkolo ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya ocindezelwe. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-necrotation: eyomile futhi emanzi. Ngendlela yokuqala, ingxube enkulu ihlinzekwa yi-hose eya ku-nozzle, lapho ifaka khona, bese iphonswa endaweni etholile. Lapho i-nozzle isengezelwe, kwamukelwa isixazululo esinqunyiwe.
Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo nobunzima. Ngendlela emanzi kanye ne-compressor, enamandla kangako, futhi "ukuphindisela" kuyadingeka (okungukuthi, ukulahleka okungenakuphikiswa) kokuqukethwe akudluli ku-10%, futhi ngokuhambisana nezinga (kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kwe-opprete) kukhona Azikho izinkinga. Kuliqiniso, ubukhulu bokhonkolo ku-wayer ebekwe ngandlela thile kunokuba nendlela esomile. Okufanayo, okubangela ukhonkolo, kunzima ukwenza amakhefu, kungathwala i-hose.
Indlela ekhiphekayo yenzuzo ethile. Ingxube ingahlinzekwa amabanga amade. Kulokhu, indlela iphakeme kunokwenza, ngoba kungenzeka ukufaka ungqimba oluncane lukakhonkolo kudlule okukodwa. Imishini esetshenzisiwe kulula ukuyihlanza (usebenzisa ukuhlanza komoya), futhi isikhathi sokusebenza kwaso okungenazinkinga isikhathi eside. Ungasebenza kwimodi ye- "Start Stop". Kepha okuyinhloko - ubukhulu obuphezulu namandla kakhonkolo asetshenziswa ku-substrate. Ukuntuleka koyedwa, kepha okubalulekile: ubukhulu be- "rebound" bungafinyelela ku-25%.
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24-27. Ukhonkolo wegwebu lokufakelwa kwezindonga ngaphandle kwenziwa endaweni futhi wathululelwa efomini elikhiphekayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphandle kwendlu kudale uhlaka lwamaphrofayili wensimbi we-galvanized amaphrofayili angama-50 no-100mm (24), ahlelwe odongeni ngezinsimbi ze-anchor kanye ne-angle yensimbi (25). Ukuze ukhonkolo we-foam, awuzange uphume kusuka efomini elenziwe, izikhala phakathi kodonga namaphrofayili agcwala i-foam ekhuphukayo (26). Lapho-ke amashidi we-plywood ama-lamide ahlanganisiwe anamathele engomeni ye-plywood evusiwe (27) nezikhala phakathi kwazo kwakukhona i-sealant negwebu. Indawo eya phezulu kwezifo emashidini yenziwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi izimbobo abafake ukhonkolo wegwebu ngokhonkolo we-foam.
Abakhi bakhetha indlela eyomile. Kodwa-ke, bekungadingekile ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kusuka odongeni lwezinhlayiya endabeni yemizuzu kusuka ezindongeni ezindongeni zezingubo, kuyaphazamisa. Ngakho-ke, njengoba izindilinga kwakudingeka zisebenzise ama-raincoats avela kwizakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezempi, nezibuko zokuvikela zithatha indawo ye-welder imasy. Ingxube edingekayo yengcindezelo yenziwa lapho, kusetshenziswa i-conkcrete encane.
Ukufakwa okuqinile
Ukhonkolo we-Foam - ukhonkolo okhanyayo weselula, etholakala ngokuqina kwesisombululo esihlanganisa i-binder (imvamisa), isihlabathi, amanzi kanye negwebu. Lesi sakamuva silungiselelwe kusisombululo esinamanzi samanzi asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwama-detergents. I-Foam ihlinzeka ngokuqukethwe okudingekayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwama-bubble amoya ngokhonkolo. Ngenxa yabo, izinzuzo zikakhonkolo ze-foam zetshe nezinkuni: ukuqina, ukukhululeka, ukusebenziseka okuhle kanye nekhono lokugcina izipikili, i-screwdrivers idr. Kungaba ukulungiswa, ukunyakaza nge-lining noma ezinye izinto zokwakha, upende kunoma yimuphi umbala usebenzisa upende "ophefumulelwe".
Ngokushintsha ukwakheka kokhonkolo wegwebu, kungenzeka ukuthola ingxenye edingekayo, amandla anqunyelwe afuneke afiswe ngokuvuselelwa okushisayo. Kungenzeka futhi ukudala imikhiqizo yanoma yiluphi uhlobo oludingekayo nevolumu. Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-foam kukhonkolo hhayi nje kuphela njengezinto ezihlelekile (i-brand d1000-D2000), kodwa futhi njenge-insulator yokushisa (D400-D500 BRAND). Ukuqhutshwa okushisayo esimweni esomile kuya ikakhulukazi ekunciphiseni, okukhonjiswa kuhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo.
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28-30. Ukuze izimo zezulu zingaphazamisi umsebenzi ophahleni lophahla olusetshenzisiwe, "itende" lakhiwa phezu kwalo futhi limbozwe ngefilimu layo (28). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthayi ukhonkolo oqinisiwe (29) wathululelwa ophahleni. Lapho ilukhuni, ingaphezulu likakhonkolo lalifakwa kuBitumen mastic, bese libeka ama-waterproof (30).
Ukwakhiwa kwansuku zonke kuya ngokuya kusetshenziswa ngokhonkolo we-monolithic Foam ngokuqina okunzima kwemvelo. Akumangazi ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi uthole umphumela obalulekile kwezomnotho uma uqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamabhulokhi we-foam. Lokhu okuqukethwe, kucatshangelwa umsebenzi, kushibhile kunamabhulokhi we-foam. Azikho izindleko zokuhamba, ukulayisha, ukulayisha, ukulwa, ukuphakamisa phansi nasekubekeni. ICHO-ilusebenzise, ngokungafani nezinye izinto zokufakelwa, ususa "amabhuloho obandayo" kuma-seams.
Icala elivumelekile lanqunywa ukuthi lisebenzise ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukufakwa kodonga lukakhonkolo we-monolithic Foam wezakhiwo ezakhiwe kabusha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izindonga zaqala ukuheha izindonga zamaphrofayili ahlanganisiwe, bese kuba nokungasuswanga ama-plywoof angenamanzi.
Ukhonkolo we-foam owenziwe futhi wakufaka endaweni yokugcwalisa ukufakwa okukhethekile kweselula, okuthi, kanye nochwepheshe bawo wesevisi, "kuqashiswe" kwinkampani yokwakha abasebenza kuleyo misebenzi. Qaphela ukuthi i-plywood esetshenzisiwe esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwefomu ibiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze wonge imali, izindonga zazifakwa ezigabeni ezimbili: okokuqala esitezi sokuqala, bese kuthi lapho igwebu lisebenza kanzima, amashidi e-plywood asuswa, athuthelwa ezindongeni zesekhondi.
Qeda ekhaya
Umhlobiso wangaphandle wezindonga zendlu uqine, abakhi bamane bazithinta kanye negridi yensimbi, abayibophe ezindongeni zama-dowels. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokusho kwephrojekthi ye-Design, kwezinye izindawo ababembozwa futhi bapendwe, nakwabanye, sabangelwa.
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31-33. Esikhathini esingangeni manzi sophahla, amapuleti e-polystyrere adom kanye nomthungo aphathwa nge-sealant (31). Ngaphezulu kwamapuleti, kwabekwa ungqimba lwesibili lokuvunyelwanga amanzi, bese uluthela uthayi lukakhonkolo, wakha umthambeka ohlangothini lwe-drain (32). Okulandelayo, ukhonkolo wawumbozwe ngokwakheka okungavinjelwe amanzi futhi wabeka amatshe e-porcelain (33).
Lapho wenza lezi zisebenza ezingxenyeni zezindonga, ukhonkolo wegwebu le-foam, azikho izinkinga. I-Avot enezinhlamvu zokuhlobisa ezimbozwe nge-Torcaretone embozwe ngeTorcaretone, izinkinga zaziyi: Lokhu okuqukethwe kuqinile kakhulu futhi kubusheleleke kangangokuba udaka alunamatheli kukho. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-dowels kwakudingeka asebenzise ama-drill "edayimane" futhi acubungula ingaphezulu lezindonga ezine-primer ekhethekile.
Abakhi abanothi ikakhulukazi bakhokhelwe ukubekwa uphawu nokuqeda uphahla olusebenzayo (umnikazi ugcizelele kudivayisi yalo). Kulokhu, kwasetshenziswa zombili izindlela nezinto ezintsha nezinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, i-concrete screedes lapho ukucwaswa kuka-2-3 kudalwe ukuze kudalwe eceleni kophahla lwezimbobo zokudla okusele ophahleni kwakuphathwa nge-polyurethane . Lapho kwakhiwa ungqimba olungenamanzi, i-porcelain tile yabekwa phezu kwayo.
1. Tambour 3m2
2. IHallway 5,4m2
3. I-Wardrobe 9m2.
4. Igumbi lokuphila elihlala ku-67.8m2
5. Igumbi lokulala 13m2
6. Ingadi yasebusika 38,5m2
7. Indlu yokugezela 10,6m2
1. IHholo 8.2M2
2. IKhabhinethi 23.9m2.
3. Igumbi lokulala 21,4m2
4. Igumbi lokugezela 5.9m2
5. ikhabe 4,4m2
6. Indlu yokugezela 6,6m2
7. Igumbi lokulala 19.7m2
8. I-Wardrobe 6,3M2
9. IBalcony 19.8M2
10. Isibani sesibili
Amapayipi e-drainage abekelwe indlu, ngokusho kwawo umswakama womhlabathi ukhishwa emthonjeni okhethekile. Kukhona namanzi anophahla oluyisicaba kanye nokuthuthwa kwendle kwesivunguvungu, isisu sawo sibekwe ngasendaweni yesakhiwo. Umswakama oqoqiwe usetshenziselwa ukuthambisa ingadi.
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34. Into kuphela yendlu edalwe kusuka kwizitini ezibomvu ezijwayelekile kwakuyicilongo lendawo yomlilo. Yakhiwa ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwendlu - ophahleni ngaphansi kokufakwa kwayo, ukuvuleka kwadalwa kusengaphambili, "ukwenza" ukusebenza kwawo kobisi.
35-36. Ngisho nasesigabeni sokwakhiwa kwezindonga ekhaya, imigoqo yokhuni (35) yayinamathiselwe kuzimele zayo ze-mesh ezinhlangothini zombili zewindi nangomnyango, futhi amafreyimu wefasitela nasemnyango abexhunywe kubo (36).
37. Ukukhonkotha okubhalwe ngokuqondile kwe-wiring ehhovisi lomnikazi kufihle ophahleni omisiwe.
38. Izitezi ezifudumele zamanzi ezindlini zokugezela zingenye yezinto eziningi ezakha isimo sentofontofo kule ndlu.
39-40. Uhlaka lwensimbi lwesitebhisi (39), okwakukhona ngesikhathi sokwakha kusetshenziswe abasebenzi, kusulwe, kupendiwe, kwenziwa "amatshe" izinyathelo (40).
41. Izindonga zikakhonkolo ezikhonkolo ezikhonkolo ekhaya zinamathiselwe ngegridi yensimbi ye-dowel futhi zivaliwe. Ngemuva kwalokho bambozwe ngokwengxenye, babhalwe phansi futhi bapendwe ngopende wokukhanya okukhanyayo, futhi banciphiswe ngokwengxenye ngokuqothuka ngesakhiwo esinqunyelwe kusengaphambili.
Ukuqeda i-Avenue kusho kafushane. Kwenziwa ngokuya ngephrojekthi ye-Design eklanywe ngqo ngemidwebo yabanikazi. Ngasikhathi sinye engaphakathi kwasetshenziswa kabanzi ukwakheka okwenziwe nge-drywall. Phansi kuwo wonke amakamelo, ngaphandle kwamakamelo okulala, ahlotshiswe nge-porcelain, esiza kakhulu ukuhlanzwa kwawo.
Ubunjiniyela
Indlu ishisa i-boiler yegesi enomthamo wama-40 kW. Ukungena komoya wokukhipha imali esakhiweni kuyaphoqelelwa, futhi maduze nje abanikazi bahlela ukusenza ngokululama komoya, njengoba kuhlinzekelwe yiphrojekthi. Ukukhucululwa kwendle endlini kuyazimele, kepha kukuvumela ukuthi uhlanze imisele yasendlini ngokusebenza kahle kwama-98%. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi akhethiwe kuvela emkhawulweni we-lifters we-lifter of ukusetshenziswa kwamathangi, ama-Showers kanye nabahlanganisi abafakiwe kwemishini yamapayipi.Kwenzekani ekugcineni?
Inkomba yokumelana nokuhanjiswa kokushisa kodonga lwangaphandle kungu-4.04 m2 x OS / W, ngokugqagqana kwesisekelo, 5.31m2 x / w kanye nophahla olufudumele - W. Yini eyayinika? Ngokusho kwezibalo, indlu ka-250m2 yesikhathi sasebusika ichithwa ekushiseni nase-DHW cishe igesi engu-6500m3. Emcimbini ebusika bango-2009. Kwadliwa ngugesi ka-5180m3 kuphela, kanye nobusika obubandayo obungakaze bube khona 2010. - 5320m3. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-boiler, ngaphezu kwendlu, ifudumele futhi igaraji elifudumele elinendawo eyi-125m2, lapho ifakiwe khona.
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42-45. Ingadi yasebusika (42) yaba yindawo ayithandayo ekhaya labanikazi. Uphahla lwaso futhi abaklami noma abanikazi banqume ukwenza konke ukulahleka okuguqukayo nokushisa ngokwakha okunjalo kungaba kukhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezulu kwengadi yasebusika, sanquma ukudala uphahla olufudumele olulodwa kanye ne-block yamafasitela a-atticwesi-ayisithupha (43, 44) afakwe nge-drive kagesi ayefakwe kuwo. Ilawula ukuvula kwabo nokuvala ngokohlelo olunikeziwe olufakwe emagcekeni esiteshini sasebusika "Isimo Sezulu". Izindonga ezimbili eziguqulwa lapha zenziwe lapha zisebenzisa amawindi we-Chamber Glass Windows ngezibuko zokonga amandla (45).
Ngaphambi kwezidingo zesakhiwo esingenasisekelo noma esisebenzayo, izinkomba zokulondolozwa kokushisa zisekude futhi zisezindongeni ezinjalo zezindlu kufanele kube ngu-8-12m2 x C / W (ezingeni lamanje lokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bokwakha, kunikeza kuphela ifreyimu indlu enezindonga ezingama-500mm ubukhulu, ezigcwele ukufakwa kahle). I-Avot Energy Energy House Yakhelwe Isenzeka. I-IPO Le nqubomgomo, ifanelana nezindinganiso "eziluhlaza". I-Avolog e-Ecology Akazange ibonise phambi kwabo: amazinga awafaki ukusetshenziswa kwe-polystyrere Foam (ukwazi ngakho ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa!), Yebo, kanye nendaba yokulondolozwa kwamandla akucatshangwe kahle. Yikhaya elifanayo lendlu yendlu enomnikelo wazo ekulondolozeni izinsiza zemvelo ingaziqhenya ngayo.
Ukubalwa okukhulisiwe kwezindleko * Ukuthuthukiswa kwasekhaya ngendawo ephelele ye-256m2, efana ne-Handt
| Igama lemisebenzi | Inombolo ye | intengo, rub. | Izindleko, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isisekelo, izindonga, ukwahlukaniswa, ukunqwabelana, ukuphapha | |||
| Ukuhlelwa kwenhlabathi, isisekelo sedivayisi yezisekelo | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 62,000 |
| Idivaysi yesisekelo se-pile, r / w ccratch | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | I-87,000 |
| Timbolo lokuvikela idivaysi | I-16M3. | 2187. | 35,000 |
| Ukufakwa kwe-Insulation | I-150m2. | 90. | 13 500. |
| Ukuvuleka kwamanzi okuvundlile futhi okulandelayo | 300m2. | 158. | 47 400. |
| Ukwakhiwa kwepuleti likakhonkolo eliqinisiwe | I-23m3 | 2770. | 63 700. |
| Ukwakhiwa kwezindonga, ukunqwabelana kusuka kumaphaneli we-3D | I-615m2. | 756. | I-465,000 |
| Izindonga ze-Togcasting kanye nokugqagqana | 1230m2. | 846. | 1,040,600 |
| I-Wall Insulation FominEton | I-41M3 | 2098. | I-86,000 |
| Ukubeka ipayipi lentuthu | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 18,700 |
| Ukuphahlazeka okuvimba amanzi | 94m2. | 266. | 25,000 |
| Ukufakwa kophahla kophahla | 94m2. | 104. | 9870. |
| Ubhekene nophahla lwe-ceramiconist | 94m2. | 447. | I-42,000 |
| Ukuhlanganisa itende lesikhashana lophahla phezu kophahla | 93m2 | 581. | 54,000 |
| Ukugcwalisa ukuvuleka kwewindi | 91m2 | 516. | 47,000 |
| Umsebenzi wangaphambili | 407M2. | 1086. | I-442,000 |
| Umsebenzi kagesi nowokuphambanisa | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | I-421,000 |
| -Nke | 2 959 770. | ||
| Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni | |||
| Ukhonkolo esindayo | 175m3 | 3097. | I-542,000 |
| Isihlabathi, okuchotshoziwe, usimende, i-armature | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | I-92 000 |
| Hydrokhotlol | 780m2. | 26. | 20 280. |
| Izitini, Ingxube Yombuso | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | Ngo-29 000 |
| I-polystyrene enwetshiwe ye-polystyrene | I-120m3 | 3100. | I-372,000 |
| Amaphaneli we-3D | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | I-852,000 |
| Ithambo | 109 T. | 2844. | 310 000 |
| Izinkuni zeSawn | I-15M3 | 5600. | I-84,000 |
| I-Polymer materproofing | 94m2. | 281. | 26 400. |
| Ingxube ye-Platestepade, ukuqinisa i-mesh, upende we-facade | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 75,000 |
| Amaphaneli wokuhlobisa alingisa izingodo | 152m2. | 605. | I-92 000 |
| Amabhlokhi ewindows, izakhiwo eziboshwe | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | I-426,000 |
| I-Porcelain Stonework, i-glue tand | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | I-189,000 |
| I-Plasterboard Sheet, Iphrofayili | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | I-89,000 |
| I-boiler yegesi | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 272,000 |
| Amapayipi nemishini kagesi | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | 532,000 |
| Izindlela zokuqasha kanye nefomu | ukubeka esikhathini esithile | - | I-80,000 |
| -Nke | 4 082 680. | ||
| * Ukubalwa kuqediwe ngaphandle kokucabanga ngokweqile, ukuthutha kanye nezinye izindleko, kanye nenzuzo yenkampani. |
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga uMkhandlu ekwakhiweni kwezemvelo ukuze uthole usizo ekuhlelweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo.